Roman Pawlak, Ashley Wooten, Mustafa Selim, Kimberly Kew
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: The World Health Organization's International Agency on Research for Cancer has determined that glyphosate is "probably carcinogenic to humans." There is a great public interest to investigate whether glyphosate are detected in breast milk. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the concentration of glyphosate and its main metabolite in breast milk. Materials and Methods: Liquid chromatography was performed at 25°C using a Luna NH2, 50 × 2 mm, 3⎛ m (Phenomenex) analytical column. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was collected using negative ionization mode. The calibration curve for glyphosate ranged from 10 to 250 ng/mL. The detection limit was 1 ng/mL. Results: Breast milk samples were collected from 74 women, which included vegans (n = 26), vegetarians (n = 22), and nonvegetarians (n = 26). One of the 74 milk samples contained a detectable concentration of glyphosate and an additional 7 were found to contain aminomethylphosphonic acid. Conclusions: In breast milk samples collected mainly from women residing in urban regions of the United States, glyphosate detection was rare. Consistently, breastfed infants have a low or minimal risk of being exposed to glyphosate through ingestion of mother's milk. It is possible that the presence/absence and/or level of concentration of milk glyphosate depend on a place of residency and time of breastfeeding vis-à-vis time of its agricultural application.
期刊介绍:
Breastfeeding Medicine provides unparalleled peer-reviewed research, protocols, and clinical applications to ensure optimal care for mother and infant. The Journal answers the growing demand for evidence-based research and explores the immediate and long-term outcomes of breastfeeding, including its epidemiologic, physiologic, and psychological benefits. It is the exclusive source of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine protocols.
Breastfeeding Medicine coverage includes:
Breastfeeding recommendations and protocols
Health consequences of artificial feeding
Physiology of lactation and biochemistry of breast milk
Optimal nutrition for the breastfeeding mother
Breastfeeding indications and contraindications
Managing breastfeeding discomfort, pain, and other complications
Breastfeeding the premature or sick infant
Breastfeeding in the chronically ill mother
Management of the breastfeeding mother on medication
Infectious disease transmission through breast milk and breastfeeding
The collection and storage of human milk and human milk banking
Measuring the impact of being a “baby-friendly” hospital
Cultural competence and cultural sensitivity
International public health issues including social and economic issues.