Characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using polyphenolic compounds from Phyllanthus emblica L. and their impact on cytotoxicity in human cell lines

Abstract

The Phyllanthus emblica L. highly medicinal value used for jaundice, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial etc., activities so for that current research explored the application of nanotechnology in developing anticancer strategies through the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using natural extracts from leaves. Various characterization techniques were employed to assess the anticancer properties against the human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. This study in UV‒visible spectroscopy AgNPs detected at 436 nm, FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of specific functional groups with high peak intensity at 3105 cm⁻¹. In SEM measurements revealed synthesized AgNPs at 25.4 nm, TEM exposed perfectly round particles with a lattice spacing of 0.295 nm, and XRD analysis revealed reflections at (111), (200), (220), and (310) with corresponding 2θ values of 39.1°, 46.1°, 68.7°, and 79.2°, respectively, along with the observation of (311). EDX analysis confirmed the composite nature of quartz with AgNPs at a 50:50 ratio. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of AgNPs 30 nm in size. Furthermore, breast cancer one of the major disease, targeted application of our study focused anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, observed that plant extract exhibits 92% cancer cell death at 500 µg/ml, showed potential anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. In flowcytometry cancer cells phase distribution was observed at AgNPs (100 to 200 µg/ml). Prolonged exposure to the extract led to cell death and arrested the apoptotic cell death cycle after 24 hours. Research has also evaluated the potential of nanoparticles to inhibit cancer progression, revealing promising prospects for enhancing anticancer therapies. During the treatment against cancer cells observed cell deaths, concluded that green, nanotechnology potential tool for modern world.