Repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from previous vaccination and induces broad neutralizing antibodies against Omicron sub-variants

IF 14.3 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106208

Xiaohua Gong , Ling Peng , Fuxiang Wang , Jiexiang Liu , Yimin Tang , Yun Peng , Shiyu Niu , Juzhen Yin , Liping Guo , Hongzhou Lu , Yingxia Liu , Yang Yang

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Abstract

Objective

Similar with influenza virus, antigenic drift is highly relevant to SARS-CoV-2 evolution, and immune imprinting has been found to limit the performance of updated vaccines based on the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to investigate whether repeated exposure to Omicron variant could reduce the immune imprinting from previous vaccination.

Methods

A total of 194 participants with different status of vaccination (unvaccinated, regular vaccination and booster vaccination) confirmed for first infection and re-infection with BA.5, BF.7 and XBB variants were enrolled, and the neutralizing profiles against wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron sub-variants were analyzed.

Results

Neutralizing potency against the corresponding infected variant is significantly hampered along with the doses of vaccination during first infection. However, for the participants with first infection of BA.5/BF.7 variants and re-infection of XBB variant, immune imprinting was obviously alleviated, indicated as significantly increased ratio of the corresponding infected variant/WT ID₅₀ titers and higher percentage of samples with high neutralizing activities (ID₅₀ > 500) against BA.5, BF.7 and XBB variants. Moreover, repeated Omicron infection could induce strong neutralizing potency with broad neutralizing profiles against a series of other Omicron sub-variants, both in the vaccine naive and vaccine experienced individuals.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from vaccination with WT SARS-CoV-2 and induces broad neutralizing profiles against Omicron sub-variants.

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反复感染奥米克龙会抑制先前接种的免疫印记，并诱导针对奥米克龙亚变种的广泛中和抗体。

目的：与流感病毒类似，抗原漂移与 SARS-CoV-2 的进化高度相关，免疫印记已被发现限制了基于 SARS-CoV-2 新变种的更新疫苗的性能。我们的目的是研究反复暴露于 Omicron 变体是否会减少以前接种疫苗所产生的免疫印记：方法：我们招募了194名不同疫苗接种情况（未接种、常规接种和加强接种）的参与者，确认他们首次感染和再次感染了BA.5、BF.7和XBB变异株，并分析了他们对野生型（WT）SARS-CoV-2和Omicron亚变异株的中和作用：结果：对相应感染变异体的中和效力会随着首次感染时接种疫苗剂量的增加而明显减弱。然而，对于首次感染 BA.5/BF.7变异株和再次感染 XBB 变异株的参与者来说，免疫印记明显减轻，这表现在相应感染变异株/WT ID50 滴度的比率显著增加，以及针对 BA.5、BF.7 和 XBB 变异株的高中和活性（ID50>500）样本的百分比增加。此外，重复感染奥米克龙可诱导针对一系列其他奥米克龙亚变体的强中和效力和广泛的中和特征，无论是在疫苗未接种者还是疫苗接种经验丰富者中都是如此：我们的研究结果表明，重复感染 Omicron 可抑制接种 WT SARS-CoV-2 疫苗产生的免疫印记，并诱导出针对 Omicron 亚变体的广泛中和特征。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

45.90

自引率

3.20%

发文量

475

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection publishes original papers on all aspects of infection - clinical, microbiological and epidemiological. The Journal seeks to bring together knowledge from all specialties involved in infection research and clinical practice, and present the best work in the ever-changing field of infection. Each issue brings you Editorials that describe current or controversial topics of interest, high quality Reviews to keep you in touch with the latest developments in specific fields of interest, an Epidemiology section reporting studies in the hospital and the general community, and a lively correspondence section.