Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106481
Michal Frantisek Kriha, Jan Kamis, Marketa Dvorakova, Luc Tardy, Jana Elsterova, Dana Teislerova, Ales Chrdle, Martin Palus, Daniel Ruzek, Vaclav Hönig
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of molecular diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and to correlate viral RNA (vRNA) detection with the clinical and laboratory data.
Methods: Clinical samples from 1,125 patients from South Bohemia, Czech Republic, a highly endemic TBE region, were screened for TBE virus (TBEV) RNA by RT-qPCR. Samples included blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine.
Results: TBEV RNA was detected in 14 patients with clinically proven TBE. TBEV RNA was most frequently detected in sera during early infection (11/37 patients tested, 29.7%) but decreased with rising IgG antibody response (3/228, 1.3%). Detection in CSF and urine was infrequent, (1/30, 3.3% and 1/52, 1.9% respectively). Additionally, five patients initially not diagnosed with TBE were retrospectively found to have TBEV RNA in serum, indicating possible underdiagnosis, particularly in mild or atypical presentations. The study also highlighted the diagnostic challenge of an immunocompromised patient whose delayed antibody response hindered timely diagnosis. In such cases, RT-qPCR could significantly shorten the diagnostic timeline.
Conclusions: These findings underscore the value of early RNA detection in improving the diagnosis of TBE and may in the future facilitate the early administration of potential treatment, thereby improving patient outcomes.
{"title":"Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA in patient samples at different stages of infection.","authors":"Michal Frantisek Kriha, Jan Kamis, Marketa Dvorakova, Luc Tardy, Jana Elsterova, Dana Teislerova, Ales Chrdle, Martin Palus, Daniel Ruzek, Vaclav Hönig","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of molecular diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and to correlate viral RNA (vRNA) detection with the clinical and laboratory data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical samples from 1,125 patients from South Bohemia, Czech Republic, a highly endemic TBE region, were screened for TBE virus (TBEV) RNA by RT-qPCR. Samples included blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TBEV RNA was detected in 14 patients with clinically proven TBE. TBEV RNA was most frequently detected in sera during early infection (11/37 patients tested, 29.7%) but decreased with rising IgG antibody response (3/228, 1.3%). Detection in CSF and urine was infrequent, (1/30, 3.3% and 1/52, 1.9% respectively). Additionally, five patients initially not diagnosed with TBE were retrospectively found to have TBEV RNA in serum, indicating possible underdiagnosis, particularly in mild or atypical presentations. The study also highlighted the diagnostic challenge of an immunocompromised patient whose delayed antibody response hindered timely diagnosis. In such cases, RT-qPCR could significantly shorten the diagnostic timeline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the value of early RNA detection in improving the diagnosis of TBE and may in the future facilitate the early administration of potential treatment, thereby improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106481"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106480
Caitlyn Sun, Dabah Moukachar, Xiao Chen, Kelly Papanaoum, David L. Gordon
{"title":"Evaluation of Vitek2 and Etest for Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptibility to penicillin and ceftriaxone","authors":"Caitlyn Sun, Dabah Moukachar, Xiao Chen, Kelly Papanaoum, David L. Gordon","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 4","pages":"Article 106480"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106478
Elke J. Seppanen , Josephine Bayliss , Sharon L. Clark , Cristina Gamez , Danielle Headland , Caitlyn M. Granland , Shyan Vijayasekaran , Hayley Herbert , Peter Friedland , Peter C. Richmond , Ruth B. Thornton , Lea-Ann S. Kirkham , on behalf of the OMinWA team
Introduction
Understanding patterns of bacterial carriage and otitis media (OM) microbiology is crucial for assessing vaccine impact and informing policy. The microbiology of OM can vary with geography, time, and interventions like pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). We evaluated the microbiology of nasopharyngeal and middle ear effusions in children living in Western Australia, 11 years following the introduction of PCV13.
Methods
Children undergoing surgery for recurrent acute OM and/or chronic OM with effusion (cases), and children undergoing surgery for non-infectious reasons (controls), were recruited. Nasopharyngeal swabs and middle ear effusions (MEE - cases only) were collected, and quantitative PCR applied for detection of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pneumoniae-positive MEE were serotyped by culture.
Results
Nasopharyngeal swabs from 166 children under 5 years of age (123 cases, 43 controls) and MEE from 103 cases (93 with bilateral effusion – 196 MEE samples) were collected between September 2022 to December 2023. Nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae was more common and density 10 times higher in cases compared to controls (84.2% H. influenzae carriage-positive cases versus 48.9% of controls, p=0.024; mean DNA concentration of 1.8 pg/µL versus 0.13 pg/µL, p=0.037). S. pneumoniae was more commonly carried in cases (not significant), and carriage density was higher in cases compared to controls (mean pneumococcal DNA concentration of 0.4 pg/µL versus 0.09 pg/µL, p=0.049). M. catarrhalis carriage and carriage density were similar between cases and controls (82.1% versus 76.7%). Carriage of 2 or more otopathogen species was common (80% of swabs).
In the MEE, H. influenzae predominated (53% PCR-positive) followed by M. catarrhalis (31%), S. pneumoniae (22%), S. aureus (6%), S. pyogenes (2%) and P. aeruginosa (2%). Polymicrobial infection was identified in 26% of effusions. Of the S. pneumoniae PCR-positive MEE, 14 specimens from 11 children were culturable and all serotypes were non-PCV13 types.
Conclusion
The aetiology of recurrent and/or chronic OM in children continues to be primarily associated with H. influenzae. These data highlight the need for a concerted effort to develop effective preventative strategies for H. influenzae, most notably, nontypeable (NTHi). Higher valency PCVs may impact on pneumococcal OM.
{"title":"Haemophilus influenzae remains the predominant otitis media pathogen in Australian children undergoing ventilation tube insertion in the PCV13 era","authors":"Elke J. Seppanen , Josephine Bayliss , Sharon L. Clark , Cristina Gamez , Danielle Headland , Caitlyn M. Granland , Shyan Vijayasekaran , Hayley Herbert , Peter Friedland , Peter C. Richmond , Ruth B. Thornton , Lea-Ann S. Kirkham , on behalf of the OMinWA team","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Understanding patterns of bacterial carriage and otitis media (OM) microbiology is crucial for assessing vaccine impact and informing policy. The microbiology of OM can vary with geography, time, and interventions like pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). We evaluated the microbiology of nasopharyngeal and middle ear effusions in children living in Western Australia, 11 years following the introduction of PCV13.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Children undergoing surgery for recurrent acute OM and/or chronic OM with effusion (cases), and children undergoing surgery for non-infectious reasons (controls), were recruited. Nasopharyngeal swabs and middle ear effusions (MEE - cases only) were collected, and quantitative PCR applied for detection of <em>Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em>. <em>S. pneumoniae</em>-positive MEE were serotyped by culture.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nasopharyngeal swabs from 166 children under 5 years of age (123 cases, 43 controls) and MEE from 103 cases (93 with bilateral effusion – 196 MEE samples) were collected between September 2022 to December 2023. Nasopharyngeal carriage of <em>H. influenzae</em> was more common and density 10 times higher in cases compared to controls (84.2% <em>H. influenzae</em> carriage-positive cases versus 48.9% of controls, p=0.024; mean DNA concentration of 1.8 pg/µL versus 0.13 pg/µL, p=0.037). <em>S. pneumoniae</em> was more commonly carried in cases (not significant), and carriage density was higher in cases compared to controls (mean pneumococcal DNA concentration of 0.4 pg/µL versus 0.09 pg/µL, p=0.049). <em>M. catarrhalis</em> carriage and carriage density were similar between cases and controls (82.1% versus 76.7%). Carriage of 2 or more otopathogen species was common (80% of swabs).</div><div>In the MEE, <em>H. influenzae</em> predominated (53% PCR-positive) followed by <em>M. catarrhalis</em> (31%), <em>S. pneumoniae</em> (22%), <em>S. aureus</em> (6%), <em>S. pyogenes</em> (2%) and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (2%). Polymicrobial infection was identified in 26% of effusions. Of the <em>S. pneumoniae</em> PCR-positive MEE, 14 specimens from 11 children were culturable and all serotypes were non-PCV13 types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The aetiology of recurrent and/or chronic OM in children continues to be primarily associated with <em>H. influenzae</em>. These data highlight the need for a concerted effort to develop effective preventative strategies for <em>H. influenzae</em>, most notably, nontypeable (NTHi). Higher valency PCVs may impact on pneumococcal OM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 4","pages":"Article 106478"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106475
Ronghua Jin , Tian Qin , Pei Li , Jiale Yuan , Hui Li , Ying Liu , Min Wang , Jianguo Xu , Yamin Sun
Objectives
We report on the surge in human adenovirus (HAdV) cases in China starting in October 2023 and analyze the key drivers behind this increased circulation in the post-COVID-19 period.
Methods
We analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) data from 1,875,862 hospitalized acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases across 4758 hospitals in 314 cities throughout all 31 provinces of mainland China. An in-house script was used to analyze the positivity rates of different HAdV species nationwide and across various provinces. We also assessed the age-specific infection risk for HAdV species B and C using restricted cubic splines (RCS), and we tested differences in HAdV infection rates between vacation periods and school terms using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results
We identified an increased prevalence of HAdV species B replacing circulating species C, and this increase was associated with elevated HAdV activity in China from October 2023 to August 2024. Age-specific analysis indicates that, compared to HAdV species C, HAdV species B has a higher infection rate in school-aged children. Comparison of HAdV incidence rates during school terms and vacations showed that schools are the primary transmission setting for HAdV species B. These findings strongly support the conclusion that school-associated cluster infections caused by HAdV species B are the drivers of the ongoing increased circulation of HAdV in China.
Conclusion
This study found that changes in susceptible populations and transmission settings due to an increased prevalence of HAdV species B were the key factors driving the elevated HAdV activity in China starting in October 2023.
{"title":"Increased circulation of adenovirus in China during 2023-2024: Association with an increased prevalence of species B and school-associated transmission","authors":"Ronghua Jin , Tian Qin , Pei Li , Jiale Yuan , Hui Li , Ying Liu , Min Wang , Jianguo Xu , Yamin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We report on the surge in human adenovirus (HAdV) cases in China starting in October 2023 and analyze the key drivers behind this increased circulation in the post-COVID-19 period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) data from 1,875,862 hospitalized acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases across 4758 hospitals in 314 cities throughout all 31 provinces of mainland China. An in-house script was used to analyze the positivity rates of different HAdV species nationwide and across various provinces. We also assessed the age-specific infection risk for HAdV species B and C using restricted cubic splines (RCS), and we tested differences in HAdV infection rates between vacation periods and school terms using the Kruskal–Wallis test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified an increased prevalence of HAdV species B replacing circulating species C, and this increase was associated with elevated HAdV activity in China from October 2023 to August 2024. Age-specific analysis indicates that, compared to HAdV species C, HAdV species B has a higher infection rate in school-aged children. Comparison of HAdV incidence rates during school terms and vacations showed that schools are the primary transmission setting for HAdV species B. These findings strongly support the conclusion that school-associated cluster infections caused by HAdV species B are the drivers of the ongoing increased circulation of HAdV in China.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study found that changes in susceptible populations and transmission settings due to an increased prevalence of HAdV species B were the key factors driving the elevated HAdV activity in China starting in October 2023.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 4","pages":"Article 106475"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of a long-standing HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF178_BC) in different high-risk populations along the China-Myanmar border region","authors":"Min Chen , Yanling Ma, , Huichao Chen, Manhong Jia, Wenfei Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 4","pages":"Article 106477"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106476
Jian Bing , Yanfeng Huang , Han Du, , Penghao Guo , Junmin Cao, Mei Kang, Clarissa J. Nobile, Guanghua Huang
{"title":"Rapid spread of Candida auris in China after COVID-19","authors":"Jian Bing , Yanfeng Huang , Han Du, , Penghao Guo , Junmin Cao, Mei Kang, Clarissa J. Nobile, Guanghua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 4","pages":"Article 106476"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106474
Gesa Carstens, Eva Kozanli, Kirsten Bulsink, Scott McDonald, Mansoer Elahi, Jordy de Bakker, Maarten Schipper, Rianne van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Susan van den Hof, Albert Jan van Hoek, Dirk Eggink
Objectives: Evaluation of the presence and effect of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections on disease severity.
Methods: We collected both symptom data and nose- and throat samples from symptomatic people during the 2022/2023 respiratory season in a large participatory surveillance study in the Netherlands, and tested these for 18 respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. We compared reported health status, symptoms and odds of having a mono respiratory viral infection or co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and another respiratory virus.
Results: In total 4,655 samples were included with 22% (n=1,017) testing SARS-CoV-2 positive. Of these 11% (n=116) also tested positive for a second respiratory virus. The most frequently occurring co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 positive participants were with rhinovirus (59%; n=69), seasonal coronaviruses (15%; n=17) and adenovirus (7%; n=8). Participants with a co-infection with one of these three viruses did not report more severe disease compared to those with a SARS-CoV-2 mono-infection. The odds of experiencing SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with seasonal coronavirus or rhinovirus were lower compared to the odds of the respective non-SARS-CoV-2 mono-infection (OR: 0.16, CI 95%: 0.10 - 0.24; OR: 0.21 CI 95%: 0.17 - 0.26; respectively).
Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 co-infections with rhinovirus, seasonal coronavirus and adenovirus are frequently observed in the general population, but are not associated with more severe disease compared to SARS-CoV-2 mono-infections. Furthermore, we found indications for inter-virus interaction with rhinovirus and seasonal coronavirus, possibly decreasing risk of co-infection.
{"title":"Co-infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory viruses in the 2022/2023 respiratory season in the Netherlands.","authors":"Gesa Carstens, Eva Kozanli, Kirsten Bulsink, Scott McDonald, Mansoer Elahi, Jordy de Bakker, Maarten Schipper, Rianne van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Susan van den Hof, Albert Jan van Hoek, Dirk Eggink","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evaluation of the presence and effect of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections on disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected both symptom data and nose- and throat samples from symptomatic people during the 2022/2023 respiratory season in a large participatory surveillance study in the Netherlands, and tested these for 18 respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. We compared reported health status, symptoms and odds of having a mono respiratory viral infection or co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and another respiratory virus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 4,655 samples were included with 22% (n=1,017) testing SARS-CoV-2 positive. Of these 11% (n=116) also tested positive for a second respiratory virus. The most frequently occurring co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 positive participants were with rhinovirus (59%; n=69), seasonal coronaviruses (15%; n=17) and adenovirus (7%; n=8). Participants with a co-infection with one of these three viruses did not report more severe disease compared to those with a SARS-CoV-2 mono-infection. The odds of experiencing SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with seasonal coronavirus or rhinovirus were lower compared to the odds of the respective non-SARS-CoV-2 mono-infection (OR: 0.16, CI 95%: 0.10 - 0.24; OR: 0.21 CI 95%: 0.17 - 0.26; respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 co-infections with rhinovirus, seasonal coronavirus and adenovirus are frequently observed in the general population, but are not associated with more severe disease compared to SARS-CoV-2 mono-infections. Furthermore, we found indications for inter-virus interaction with rhinovirus and seasonal coronavirus, possibly decreasing risk of co-infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106474"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号