Journal of Infection最新文献

{"title":"A nationwide genomic surveillance study of Gram-negative bacteria causing community- and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in China","authors":"Jingyuan Xi ,&nbsp;Xinmiao Jia ,&nbsp;Song Li ,&nbsp;Xuming Li ,&nbsp;Long Hu ,&nbsp;Han Xia ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Yingchun Xu ,&nbsp;Yunsong Yu ,&nbsp;Fupin Hu ,&nbsp;Mei Kang ,&nbsp;Ziyong Sun ,&nbsp;Lijuan Ma ,&nbsp;Bin Shan ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Ma ,&nbsp;Mingxiang Zou ,&nbsp;Jihong Li ,&nbsp;Chaolu Hasi ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Dawen Guo ,&nbsp;Qiwen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Community-acquired and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (CA-BSI and HA-BSI) caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) pose major clinical risks, but differences in their molecular epidemiology and prognostic etiologic factors remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A genomic epidemiology study analyzed 933 CA-BSI and 1001 HA-BSI isolates from 21 major Chinese teaching hospitals. We collected comprehensive clinical data and conducted molecular characterization, including sequence types, antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and plasmid types, as well as clinical phenotypes of major pathogens. Multivariable Cox models were used to identify mortality predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, and <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> complex were the predominant species in both CA-BSI and HA-BSI groups but exhibited distinct clinical and molecular characteristics between CA-BSI and HA-BSI. CA-BSI patients showed significantly higher inflammatory markers (CRP, PCT, WBC, and Neu%), while HA-BSI patients had significantly poorer prognosis including prolonged hospitalization, higher ICU admission rates and clinical deterioration or mortality. Genomic surveillance revealed a critical divergence: HA isolates were dominated by high-risk clones such as ST11 <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and ST2 <em>A. baumannii</em>, which were enriched in antimicrobial resistance genes, directly linking to worse outcomes. CA isolates, while more diverse, were characterized by specific lineages including ST131 <em>E. coli</em> (enriched with specific virulence genes: yersiniabactin, K1 capsule, and P fimbriae) and ST23 <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, which carried a significantly greater number of virulence genes. Multivariable analysis confirmed that mortality risk profiles are setting-specific, influenced by distinct combinations of patient comorbidities (including age, gender, agranulocytosis, and infection source) and bacterial genetic determinants (such as <em>lacI</em> or <em>aadA2</em> for <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>aph(3′)-Ia</em> for <em>A. baumannii</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This first genomic epidemiological investigation of GNB-BSIs stratified by acquisition setting reveals a fundamental clinical and epidemiological divergence between CA- and HA-cases. The study underscores that tracking mortality-associated strains and genes is essential for improving clinical outcomes and advancing etiological knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106693"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A five-year multicentre evaluation of candidaemia in UK adults: Epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes.","authors":"C Logan, P Allebone-Salt, A Mazzella, C Hemsley, A Goodman, C Ward, A Fife, S Schelenz, A Abdolrasouli, T Bicanic","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the epidemiology and outcomes of candidaemia in hospitalised adults METHODS: A five-year (January 2015-December 2019) retrospective multi-site evaluation of candidaemia episodes in hospitalised adults at three London hospitals to assess Candida species, infection source, antifungal resistance, management and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>342 episodes of candidaemia in 333 patients were recorded. Common predisposing risk factors for candidaemia included vascular catheters, abdominal surgery, malignancy and diabetes. Candida albicans (36%), Candida glabrata/ Nakaseomyces glabratus (35%), and Candida parapsilosis (13%), were the most common causative species, with N. glabratus and C. parapsilosis associated with abdominal and line-related sources respectively. Fluconazole resistance was observed in 14% of isolates, while echinocandin resistance was rare (3%). Candida endocarditis and ocular candidiasis occurred in 5.2% and 2.6% of those assessed respectively; both were associated with persistent candidaemia (≥2 successive days). All-cause 30-day mortality was 32%. Age>60 years, liver disease, malignancy, non-removable source of candidaemia and lack of initial echinocandin therapy were independent baseline predictors of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Candidaemia is a significant healthcare-associated infection with high mortality, particularly in ICU patients with difficult-to-clear foci. The rise of N. glabratus is concerning given its propensity for antifungal resistance. Future clinical and research priorities include better diagnostic tools and refinement of antifungal treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106692"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Comment on: Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA in patient samples at different stages of infection","authors":"Michal Frantisek Kriha,&nbsp;Jan Kamis,&nbsp;Marketa Dvorakova,&nbsp;Luc Tardy,&nbsp;Jana Elsterova,&nbsp;Dana Teislerova,&nbsp;Ales Chrdle,&nbsp;Martin Palus,&nbsp;Daniel Ruzek,&nbsp;Vaclav Hönig","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106694"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative cross-species transcriptomics during RSV infection identifies targets to treat RSV disease.","authors":"Ziyin Wang, Claire Dunican, Pete Dayananda, Suhaylah Ingar, Myrsini Kaforou, Christopher Chiu, John S Tregoning","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a health threat to young children worldwide. The host immune response plays a key role in disease following infection. Infection models advance our understanding of respiratory viruses, but individual models have gaps, which overlapping complementary systems can fill. We compared disease signatures in mice, adults and children; combining transcriptomic data collected from blood, nasal mucosa and lung biopsy following RSV infection. We identified both shared and species-specific pathways triggered by RSV. While systemic responses in children's blood were more similar to those in RSV-challenged adults, mucosal responses during primary infection in mice more closely resembled those in children. We identified an association between IL-17 pathways and RSV pathogenesis and with over-expression of the downstream effectors S100A8 and S100A9. Inhibiting these with the anti-inflammatory drug Paquinimod reduced disease. Here we demonstrate that integrating mouse and human transcriptomic data can identify novel targets to treat RSV disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106696"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global frequency of Campylobacter-associated hospitalisations: A systematic review and meta-analyses","authors":"Thomas J. Callaghan ,&nbsp;Colleen L. Lau ,&nbsp;Suhail A. Doi ,&nbsp;James J. Smith ,&nbsp;Uttara Kennedy ,&nbsp;Francisca Powell-Romero ,&nbsp;Dwan Vilcins ,&nbsp;Rowland N. Cobbold ,&nbsp;Amy V. Jennison ,&nbsp;Shovon Chakma ,&nbsp;Robin Sherlock ,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106695","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A minority of &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; infections cause severe morbidity, yet admission rates for patients requiring hospital-based treatment are poorly understood. Our study aimed to quantify the percentage of &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; infections requiring hospitalisation and determine variation by patient subgroups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of globally reported hospitalisation frequencies for &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; infections. We performed a risk of bias assessment, followed by meta-analyses under the assumption of common parameters. Results were interpreted from the Quality Effects (QE) models in MetaXL and the heterogeneity of included studies assessed using chi-square tests. In addition to the primary meta-analysis for &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; infections overall, we conducted subgroup analyses by &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; species, demographic group, clinical group, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) status, start decade of cases and event type (sporadic or outbreak-associated). The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023493466).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 137 articles (containing 235 studies) published from 1979 to 2025 were eligible for meta-analysis. These publications contained 1,377,770 &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; infections for 946 patient groups (data points), primarily from North America, Europe and Oceania. In the pooled analysis of hospitalisation frequencies for &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; infections, 13.8% (95% CI 9.6–18.6) of individuals were hospitalised. Steady increases in hospitalisation frequency were observed over time. In a pooled analysis of data from three studies, species other than &lt;em&gt;C. jejuni&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;C. coli&lt;/em&gt; were associated with a higher frequency of hospitalisation (27.3%; 95% CI 11.0–47.2). Pooled hospitalisation frequencies of males (6.4%; 95% CI 1.4–14.1) and females (6.8%; 95% CI 1.5–15.0) were similar, and patients aged ≥65 years (27.9%; 95% CI 13.5–45.0) and children &lt;1 year old (15.6%; 95% CI 9.8–22.4) were hospitalised more often compared to other age groups. Patients with pre-existing conditions were at higher risk of hospitalisation (37.1%; 95% CI 13.4–64.2). Older age, comorbidities and infection with &lt;em&gt;C. fetus&lt;/em&gt; were often associated with bacteraemia. Where bacteraemia was identified, most patients were hospitalised (89.5%; 95% CI 79.6–96.5). Hospitalisations were overrepresented amongst tetracycline-resistant &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; infections (24.4% hospitalised; 95% CI 21.4–27.5). Cases associated with outbreaks were much less likely (4.2%; 95% CI 1.7–7.6) to be hospitalised compared to sporadic cases (16.1%; 95% CI 8.1–26.1).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;While most patients with &lt;em&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/em&gt; infections are not hospitalised, vulnerable groups such as the very young, older a","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 3","pages":"Article 106695"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring broadly neutralising HIV antibody concentrations using microsampling on dried blood spots in infants","authors":"Rémi Latour ,&nbsp;Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize ,&nbsp;Ségolène Debiesse ,&nbsp;Sashkia R. Balla ,&nbsp;Mqondisi Tshabalala ,&nbsp;Frances Ayres ,&nbsp;Zanele Makhado ,&nbsp;Priscilla Biswas ,&nbsp;Logashvari Naidoo ,&nbsp;Stefania Dispinseri ,&nbsp;Trisha Ramraj ,&nbsp;Nicolas Nagot ,&nbsp;Lucio Gama ,&nbsp;Ameena Goga ,&nbsp;Gabriella Scarlatti ,&nbsp;Yoann Cazaubon ,&nbsp;Philippe Van de Perre ,&nbsp;Penny L. Moore ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Molès","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The use of broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAb) to prevent HIV infection is under active investigation, including for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission. In neonates, an uncomplicated sampling method for blood collection is the use of dried blood spots (DBS). We aimed to validate the use of a combination of DBS with ELISA techniques to monitor bNAb concentrations, namely VRC07-523LS and CAP256V2LS, in neonates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated the performance of various DBS elution protocols on spiked adult blood and next on spiked cord blood. The optimised method was validated on blood from infants injected with bNAbs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After selecting the best elution conditions, we reported good repeatability and reproducibility for both bNAbs in cord blood samples. The concordance study with infant receiving VRC07-523LS or CAP256V2LS samples showed that the values obtained from DBS eluates were closely aligned with those from plasma samples and when corrected by the haematocrit value, the number of outliers was 10.1% with a positive bias of 0.35 µg/mL for CAP256V2LS, and 5.0% with a positive bias of 3 µg/mL for VRC07-523LS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DBS microsampling allows accurate bNAb concentration measure in neonates, which will facilitate on-going paediatric clinical trials and possible subsequent monitoring in adults with home-sampling if deployed at scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106679"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A contemporary picture of bacterial infections in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A nationwide cohort study","authors":"Eloïse Le Banner ,&nbsp;Joseph Le Moulec ,&nbsp;Mallorie Kerjouan ,&nbsp;Vincent Grosbost ,&nbsp;Antoine Parrot ,&nbsp;Murielle Rondeau-Lutz ,&nbsp;Vanessa Leguy Seguin ,&nbsp;Christian Lavigne ,&nbsp;Anne Contis ,&nbsp;Morgane Mourguet ,&nbsp;Shirine Mohamed ,&nbsp;Étienne-Marie Jutant ,&nbsp;Sandra Blivet ,&nbsp;Johana Pradelli ,&nbsp;Olivier Espitia ,&nbsp;Laurent Chaussavoine ,&nbsp;Sabine Revuz ,&nbsp;Matthieu Revest ,&nbsp;Pierre Tattevin ,&nbsp;Sophie Dupuis-Girod ,&nbsp;David Luque Paz","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) present increased risk of severe infections. Studies focusing on infections in HHT population are scarce. We aimed to assess characteristics and outcomes of infections in patients with HHT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted in a nationwide cohort of 4502 HHT patients. Patients with HHT hospitalized for infection across 16 referral centers in France between 2010 and 2024 were identified, and data were collected through a standardized questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 163 HHT patients (median age, 60 years [49–69], 52% male), who experienced a total of 249 bacterial infections. One third (n=53/163) experienced recurrent infections requiring hospitalization. Infections caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> were reported in 80 patients representing 107 episodes of infection. Brain abscesses were reported in 43 patients representing 51 episodes, often despite prior pulmonary arteriovenous malformations embolization (n=17/43). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with 1-year mortality (n=27/163, 17%) were age (aHR=1.06, 95%CI:1.01–1.16) and infective endocarditis (aHR=2.88, 95%CI:1.10–7.87).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this HHT cohort, severe infections were predominantly due to <em>S. aureus,</em> far ahead of brain abscesses caused by oral bacteria. Considering the high rate of recurrent infections, further studies focusing on prophylaxis strategies in HHT patients are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106686"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145991346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune profile of T-lymphocytes in pediatric patients recovered of COVID-19: A longitudinal report","authors":"Vera Bain,&nbsp;Isabela Silva-Avelar,&nbsp;Simone Correa-Silva,&nbsp;Olivia M. Matsuo,&nbsp;Yingying Zheng,&nbsp;Andreia Rangel-Santos,&nbsp;Guilherme Souza Gonçalves,&nbsp;Thais de Toledo Fink,&nbsp;Priscila Suguita,&nbsp;Juliana Caires O.A. Ferreira,&nbsp;Arthur Eduardo Fernandes Ferreira,&nbsp;Camila Sanson Yoshino de Paula,&nbsp;Camilla Astley,&nbsp;Fernanda Martins,&nbsp;Magda Carneiro-Sampaio,&nbsp;Heloisa Helena de Sousa Marques,&nbsp;Clovis A. Silva,&nbsp;Patricia Palmeira ,&nbsp;Maria Fernanda Bádue Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106691"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145991376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A blood-based Xpert host response assay for diagnosis and differentiation of active and latent tuberculosis in children and adolescents: A multi-center, prospective study","authors":"Lin Sun ,&nbsp;Min Fang ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Weiwei Jiao ,&nbsp;Tingting Zou ,&nbsp;Xiaoru Long ,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang ,&nbsp;Tingting Jiang ,&nbsp;Jing Bi ,&nbsp;Xinghui Gao ,&nbsp;Mengran Li ,&nbsp;Li Duan ,&nbsp;Lichao Fan ,&nbsp;Yun Qi ,&nbsp;Manzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayun Shi ,&nbsp;Tongqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Xu ,&nbsp;Yiwei Tang ,&nbsp;Chaomin Wan ,&nbsp;Adong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Non-sputum based, child-friendly triage tests are urgently needed to achieve accurate diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis (TB) in children. We aimed to assess an Xpert MTB Host Response (MTB-HR) assay, which provides a TB score based on the mRNA expression level of three host genes, for diagnosis and differentiation TB in children and adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The multicenter, prospective study was conducted in four provinces of China among children and adolescents who were admitted to hospitals for TB or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening. Subjects were included in the evaluation of Xpert-MTB-HR from February 2020 to December 2021. Baselines of TB scores were analyzed in healthy children and adolescents with various ages. Accuracy was evaluated in subjects with various TB status, including microbiological data, disease severity and age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on a composite clinical reference standard, among 780 patients enrolled, 403, 41, 109, and 227 were diagnosed as TB, LTBI, non-TB infectious diseases (DC) and healthy controls (HC), respectively. The mean TB scores decreased from 4 (IQR, 3·54–4·46) in infants to 0·91 (IQR, −0·23–2·04) in adolescents aged 17–18 years old. Using the composite clinical reference standard, the area under curves (AUCs) of the MTB-HR assay in discriminating ATB from HC, LTBI, and DC were 0·786 (95% CI, 0·749–0·823), 0·652 (95% CI, 0·559–0·744) and 0·771 (95% CI, 0·718–0·823), respectively.The optimal cutoff value was less than or equal to 2·675, resulting a sensitivity of 75·9% (95% CI, 67·0%–80·9%) and specificity of 70·5% (95%CI, 60·3%–76·7%) in TB diagnosis. The MTB-HR assay showed better auxiliary effect for diagnosis of ATB in children younger than five years of age (AUC, 0·885, 95% CI, 0·824–0·945, <em>P</em>=0·0006). The mean TB scores elevated at one month (<em>P</em>=0·0009) and three months (<em>P</em>=0·0061) after anti-TB treatment initiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The MTB-HR assay showed potential for ATB diagnosis and treatment monitoring in children and adolescents, especially in ages under five years old.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106678"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145985691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased long-term mortality of patients with prosthetic joint infection after primary total hip arthroplasty – A large observational cohort study","authors":"Andreas Widmer ,&nbsp;Nadine Imhasly ,&nbsp;Christian Brand ,&nbsp;Vilijam Zdravkovi ,&nbsp;Adrian Spoerri ,&nbsp;Kurt Schmidlin ,&nbsp;Melanie Wicki ,&nbsp;Martin Beck ,&nbsp;Rami Sommerstein ,&nbsp;for SIRIS and SWISSNOSO","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Evaluate long-term mortality and the role of causative pathogens in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total hip arthroplasty (THA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective nationwide cohort study of adults undergoing THA (2012–2022) using data from the Swiss Joint Registry, Center for Infection Prevention and civil registry. Primary outcome was up to 10-year survival with or without PJI. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated via Gompertz regression, controlling for sex, age, BMI, and ASA. Pathogen-specific mortality hazard was analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 215,678 patients, 89,709 met inclusion criteria (51.3% women; median age 69 years). PJI occurred in 745 (0.8%) patients, 2 752 (3.1%) underwent aseptic revision. PJI was associated with increased mortality (aHR 2.15; 95% CI, 1.79–2.57; p&lt;0.001) compared to no PJI/revision, aseptic revisions were not (aHR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.80–1.06; p=0.27). Pathogens associated with increased mortality included Enterobacterales (aHR 3.17; 95% CI, 2.09–4.83, p&lt;0.001), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (aHR 2.32; 95% CI, 1.65–3.27; p&lt;0.001), <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> (aHR 2.31; 95% CI, 1.20–4.45; p=0.01), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (aHR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.16–2.35; p=0.006). Streptococcal infections showed no significant association (aHR 1.24; 95% CI, 0.62–2.49; p=0.54).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PJI following THA was associated with an approximately twofold increase in long-term mortality hazard. <em>C. acnes</em> presented an unexpectedly high mortality hazard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106689"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}