Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106271
Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alternating magnetic fields (AMF) combined with antibiotics in reducing Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on metal implants in a large animal model, compared to antibiotics alone.
Methods
Metal plates were inoculated with a clinical MRSA strain and then implanted into thirty-three ewes divided into three groups: positive control, linezolid only, and a combination of linezolid and AMF. Animals had either titanium or cobalt-chrome plates and were sacrificed at 5 or 21 days post-implantation. Blood and tissue samples were collected at various time points post-AMF treatment.
Results
In vivo efficacy studies demonstrated significant biofilm reduction on titanium and cobalt-chrome implants with AMF-linezolid combination treatment compared to controls. Significant bacterial reductions were also observed in surrounding tissues and bones. Cytokine analysis showed improved inflammatory responses with combination therapy, and histopathology confirmed reduced inflammation, necrosis, and bacterial presence, especially at 5 days post-implantation.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that combining AMF with antibiotics significantly reduces biofilm-associated infections on metal implants in a large animal model. Numerical simulations confirmed targeted heating, and in vivo results showed substantial bacterial load reduction and reduced inflammatory response. These findings support the potential of AMF as a non-invasive treatment for prosthetic joint infections.
{"title":"Alternating magnetic fields (AMF) and linezolid reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in a large animal implant model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alternating magnetic fields (AMF) combined with antibiotics in reducing <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> biofilm on metal implants in a large animal model, compared to antibiotics alone.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Metal plates were inoculated with a clinical MRSA strain and then implanted into thirty-three ewes divided into three groups: positive control, linezolid only, and a combination of linezolid and AMF. Animals had either titanium or cobalt-chrome plates and were sacrificed at 5 or 21 days post-implantation. Blood and tissue samples were collected at various time points post-AMF treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>In vivo</em> efficacy studies demonstrated significant biofilm reduction on titanium and cobalt-chrome implants with AMF-linezolid combination treatment compared to controls. Significant bacterial reductions were also observed in surrounding tissues and bones. Cytokine analysis showed improved inflammatory responses with combination therapy, and histopathology confirmed reduced inflammation, necrosis, and bacterial presence, especially at 5 days post-implantation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrates that combining AMF with antibiotics significantly reduces biofilm-associated infections on metal implants in a large animal model. Numerical simulations confirmed targeted heating, and <em>in vivo</em> results showed substantial bacterial load reduction and reduced inflammatory response. These findings support the potential of AMF as a non-invasive treatment for prosthetic joint infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002056/pdfft?md5=7b1b73004289824ab254d6287709619c&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002056-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106272
{"title":"The recent rapid rise in pertussis in Chaoyang District, Beijing: Improved recognition and diagnostic capabilities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002068/pdfft?md5=85df86c47853d188a048add09e8fd8c4&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106270
{"title":"Corrigendum to “The relative vaccine effectiveness of high-dose vs standard-dose influenza vaccines in preventing hospitalization and mortality: A meta-analysis of evidence from randomized trials” [J Infect 89 (2024) 106187]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002044/pdfft?md5=f7a4d0e96f39a38b4bf56b58adc5cb94&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002044-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106274
{"title":"Chatbots are just as good as professors in both factual recall and clinical scenario analysis: Emergence of a new tool in clinical microbiology and infectious disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002081/pdfft?md5=430b0effa6cc1c4aec0b734f856a3322&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106253
{"title":"Microbiology and outcomes of tubo-ovarian abscesses: A 5-year cohort of 105 cases","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001877/pdfft?md5=a0ffaa763ae627cf15ab91d603d3c903&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106265
Objectives
Integrating pathogen genomic surveillance with bioinformatics can enhance public health responses by identifying risk and guiding interventions. This study focusses on the two predominant Campylobacter species, which are commonly found in the gut of birds and mammals and often infect humans via contaminated food. Rising incidence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are a global concern, and there is an urgent need to quantify the main routes to human infection.
Methods
During routine US national surveillance (2009–2019), 8856 Campylobacter genomes from human infections and 16,703 from possible sources were sequenced. Using machine learning and probabilistic models, we target genetic variation associated with host adaptation to attribute the source of human infections and estimate the importance of different disease reservoirs.
Results
Poultry was identified as the primary source of human infections, responsible for an estimated 68% of cases, followed by cattle (28%), and only a small contribution from wild birds (3%) and pork sources (1%). There was also evidence of an increase in multidrug resistance, particularly among isolates attributed to chickens.
Conclusions
National surveillance and source attribution can guide policy, and our study suggests that interventions targeting poultry will yield the greatest reductions in campylobacteriosis and spread of AMR in the US.
Data availability
All sequence reads were uploaded and shared on NCBI’s Sequence Read Archive (SRA) associated with BioProjects; PRJNA239251 (CDC / PulseNet surveillance), PRJNA287430 (FSIS surveillance), PRJNA292668 & PRJNA292664 (NARMS) and PRJNA258022 (FDA surveillance). Publicly available genomes, including reference genomes and isolates sampled worldwide from wild birds are associated with BioProject accessions: PRJNA176480, PRJNA177352, PRJNA342755, PRJNA345429, PRJNA312235, PRJNA415188, PRJNA524300, PRJNA528879, PRJNA529798, PRJNA575343, PRJNA524315 and PRJNA689604. Contiguous assemblies of all genome sequences compared are available at Mendeley data (assembled C. coli genomes doi: 10.17632/gxswjvxyh3.1; assembled C. jejuni genomes doi: 10.17632/6ngsz3dtbd.1) and individual project and accession numbers can be found in Supplementary tables S1 and S2, which also includes pubMLST identifiers for assembled genomes. Figshare (10.6084/m9.figshare.20279928). Interactive phylogenies are hosted on microreact separately for C. jejuni (https://microreact.org/project/pascoe-us-cjejuni) and C. coli (https://microreact.org/project/pascoe-us-ccoli).
{"title":"Machine learning to attribute the source of Campylobacter infections in the United States: A retrospective analysis of national surveillance data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Integrating pathogen genomic surveillance with bioinformatics can enhance public health responses by identifying risk and guiding interventions. This study focusses on the two predominant <em>Campylobacter</em> species, which are commonly found in the gut of birds and mammals and often infect humans via contaminated food. Rising incidence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are a global concern, and there is an urgent need to quantify the main routes to human infection.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>During routine US national surveillance (2009–2019), 8856 <em>Campylobacter</em> genomes from human infections and 16,703 from possible sources were sequenced. Using machine learning and probabilistic models, we target genetic variation associated with host adaptation to attribute the source of human infections and estimate the importance of different disease reservoirs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Poultry was identified as the primary source of human infections, responsible for an estimated 68% of cases, followed by cattle (28%), and only a small contribution from wild birds (3%) and pork sources (1%). There was also evidence of an increase in multidrug resistance, particularly among isolates attributed to chickens.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>National surveillance and source attribution can guide policy, and our study suggests that interventions targeting poultry will yield the greatest reductions in campylobacteriosis and spread of AMR in the US.</p></div><div><h3>Data availability</h3><p>All sequence reads were uploaded and shared on NCBI’s Sequence Read Archive (SRA) associated with BioProjects; PRJNA239251 (CDC / PulseNet surveillance), PRJNA287430 (FSIS surveillance), PRJNA292668 & PRJNA292664 (NARMS) and PRJNA258022 (FDA surveillance). Publicly available genomes, including reference genomes and isolates sampled worldwide from wild birds are associated with BioProject accessions: PRJNA176480, PRJNA177352, PRJNA342755, PRJNA345429, PRJNA312235, PRJNA415188, PRJNA524300, PRJNA528879, PRJNA529798, PRJNA575343, PRJNA524315 and PRJNA689604. Contiguous assemblies of all genome sequences compared are available at Mendeley data (assembled <em>C. coli</em> genomes doi: 10.17632/gxswjvxyh3.1; assembled <em>C. jejuni</em> genomes doi: 10.17632/6ngsz3dtbd.1) and individual project and accession numbers can be found in <span><span>Supplementary tables S1 and S2</span></span>, which also includes pubMLST identifiers for assembled genomes. Figshare (10.6084/m9.figshare.20279928). Interactive phylogenies are hosted on microreact separately for <em>C. jejuni</em> (<span><span>https://microreact.org/project/pascoe-us-cjejuni</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) and <em>C. coli</em> (<span><span>https://microreact.org/project/pascoe-us-ccoli</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001993/pdfft?md5=c0b37a24b73f499375e261dec42d2063&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001993-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106267
Ellie McDonald, Laure F Pittet, Simone E Barry, Marc Bonten, John Campbell, Julio Croda, Mariana G Croda, Margareth Pretti Dalcolmo, Andrew Davidson, Fernando F de Almeida E Val, Ms Glauce Dos Santos, Ms Kaya Gardiner, Ms Grace Gell, Amanda Gwee, Ms Ann Krastev, Marcus Vinícius Guimaraes Lacerda, Michaela Lucas, David J Lynn, Laurens Manning, Mr Nick McPhate, Kirsten P Perrett, Jeffrey J Post, Cristina Prat-Aymerich, Ms Lynne E Quinn, Peter C Richmond, Nicholas J Wood, Nicole L Messina, Nigel Curtis
Background: Some individuals have a persistence of symptoms following both COVID-19 (post-acute COVID-19 syndrome; PACS) and other viral infections. This study used prospective data from an international trial to compare symptoms following COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses, identify factors associated with the risk of PACS, and explore symptom patterns before and after COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses.
Methods: Data from a multicentre randomised controlled trial (BRACE trial) involving healthcare workers across four countries were analysed. Symptom data were prospectively collected over 12 months, allowing detailed characterisation of symptom patterns. Participants with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory illness episodes were compared, focussing on symptom severity, duration (including PACS using NICE and WHO definitions), and pre-existing symptoms.
Findings: Participants with COVID-19 had significantly more severe illness compared to those with non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses (OR 7·4, 95%CI 5·6-9·7). Symptom duration meeting PACS definitions occurred in a higher proportion of COVID-19 cases than non-COVID-19 respiratory controls using both the NICE definition (2·5% vs 0·5%, OR 6·6, 95%CI 2·4-18·3) and the WHO definition (8·8% vs 3·7%, OR 2·5, 95%CI 1·4-4·3). When considering only participants with COVID-19, age (aOR 2·8, 95%CI 1·3-6·2), chronic respiratory disease (aOR 5·5, 95%CI 1·3-23·1), and pre-existing symptoms (aOR 3·0, 95%CI 1·4-6·3) were associated with an increased risk of developing PACS. Symptoms associated with PACS were also reported by participants in the months preceding their COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses (32% fatigue and muscle ache, 11% intermittent cough and shortness of breath).
Interpretation: Healthcare workers with COVID-19 experienced more severe and longer-lasting symptoms than those with non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses, with a higher proportion meeting the WHO or NICE definitions of PACS. Age, chronic respiratory disease, and pre-existing symptoms increased the risk of developing PACS following COVID-19.
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [INV-017302] and others (see Acknowledgements).
{"title":"Antecedent and persistent symptoms in COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses: insights from prospectively collected data in the BRACE trial.","authors":"Ellie McDonald, Laure F Pittet, Simone E Barry, Marc Bonten, John Campbell, Julio Croda, Mariana G Croda, Margareth Pretti Dalcolmo, Andrew Davidson, Fernando F de Almeida E Val, Ms Glauce Dos Santos, Ms Kaya Gardiner, Ms Grace Gell, Amanda Gwee, Ms Ann Krastev, Marcus Vinícius Guimaraes Lacerda, Michaela Lucas, David J Lynn, Laurens Manning, Mr Nick McPhate, Kirsten P Perrett, Jeffrey J Post, Cristina Prat-Aymerich, Ms Lynne E Quinn, Peter C Richmond, Nicholas J Wood, Nicole L Messina, Nigel Curtis","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some individuals have a persistence of symptoms following both COVID-19 (post-acute COVID-19 syndrome; PACS) and other viral infections. This study used prospective data from an international trial to compare symptoms following COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses, identify factors associated with the risk of PACS, and explore symptom patterns before and after COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a multicentre randomised controlled trial (BRACE trial) involving healthcare workers across four countries were analysed. Symptom data were prospectively collected over 12 months, allowing detailed characterisation of symptom patterns. Participants with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory illness episodes were compared, focussing on symptom severity, duration (including PACS using NICE and WHO definitions), and pre-existing symptoms.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Participants with COVID-19 had significantly more severe illness compared to those with non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses (OR 7·4, 95%CI 5·6-9·7). Symptom duration meeting PACS definitions occurred in a higher proportion of COVID-19 cases than non-COVID-19 respiratory controls using both the NICE definition (2·5% vs 0·5%, OR 6·6, 95%CI 2·4-18·3) and the WHO definition (8·8% vs 3·7%, OR 2·5, 95%CI 1·4-4·3). When considering only participants with COVID-19, age (aOR 2·8, 95%CI 1·3-6·2), chronic respiratory disease (aOR 5·5, 95%CI 1·3-23·1), and pre-existing symptoms (aOR 3·0, 95%CI 1·4-6·3) were associated with an increased risk of developing PACS. Symptoms associated with PACS were also reported by participants in the months preceding their COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses (32% fatigue and muscle ache, 11% intermittent cough and shortness of breath).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Healthcare workers with COVID-19 experienced more severe and longer-lasting symptoms than those with non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses, with a higher proportion meeting the WHO or NICE definitions of PACS. Age, chronic respiratory disease, and pre-existing symptoms increased the risk of developing PACS following COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [INV-017302] and others (see Acknowledgements).</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106264
Background
A novel single-use, analyser-free, molecular point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 (Veros COVID-19 test, Sherlock Biosciences) could reduce time to results and improve patient care and flow in the emergency department (ED), but its performance in this setting is unknown.
Methods
Adults aged ≥18 years presenting to Southampton General Hospital (UK) with suspected COVID-19 were tested with the Veros COVID-19 test in addition to standard of care near-patient PCR. Measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated for the Veros COVID-19 test stratified by Ct value. Discrepant results underwent viral culture.
Findings
Between Jan 16 and May 2, 2023, 400 patients were enrolled with a median (IQR) age of 60 (34−77) and 141 (35·3%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive by PCR. The Veros test gave valid results on the first test in 384 (96·0%), and sensitivity and specificity were 127/141 (90·1%, 95%CI 83·9–94·5) and 258/259 (99·6%, 95%CI 97·9–100) overall. For those with high or moderate viral load (Ct ≤30), sensitivity was 125/129 (96·9%, 95%CI 92·3–99·2). One (7·1%) of 14 PCR positive/Veros test negative samples was culture positive. Median (IQR) time from sample collection to result was 19 (18−20) mins with the Veros test versus 73 (59−92) mins with PCR (p < 0·0001).
Interpretation
The Veros COVID-19 test generated results in near real-time, around 1 h sooner than rapid, near-patient, analyser-based PCR, and accuracy was excellent for samples with moderate and high viral loads. The Veros test represents a step-change in molecular diagnostics for infection and could significantly reduce time to results and improve patient management in EDs and other settings.
{"title":"Real-world performance of a single-use, analyser-free, molecular point-of-care test for COVID-19 used in the emergency department: Results of a prospective trial (ED-POC)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A novel single-use, analyser-free, molecular point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 (Veros COVID-19 test, Sherlock Biosciences) could reduce time to results and improve patient care and flow in the emergency department (ED), but its performance in this setting is unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adults aged ≥18 years presenting to Southampton General Hospital (UK) with suspected COVID-19 were tested with the Veros COVID-19 test in addition to standard of care near-patient PCR. Measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated for the Veros COVID-19 test stratified by Ct value. Discrepant results underwent viral culture.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Between Jan 16 and May 2, 2023, 400 patients were enrolled with a median (IQR) age of 60 (34−77) and 141 (35·3%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive by PCR. The Veros test gave valid results on the first test in 384 (96·0%), and sensitivity and specificity were 127/141 (90·1%, 95%CI 83·9–94·5) and 258/259 (99·6%, 95%CI 97·9–100) overall. For those with high or moderate viral load (Ct ≤30), sensitivity was 125/129 (96·9%, 95%CI 92·3–99·2). One (7·1%) of 14 PCR positive/Veros test negative samples was culture positive. Median (IQR) time from sample collection to result was 19 (18−20) mins with the Veros test versus 73 (59−92) mins with PCR (p < 0·0001).</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>The Veros COVID-19 test generated results in near real-time, around 1 h sooner than rapid, near-patient, analyser-based PCR, and accuracy was excellent for samples with moderate and high viral loads. The Veros test represents a step-change in molecular diagnostics for infection and could significantly reduce time to results and improve patient management in EDs and other settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001981/pdfft?md5=0fade4443d05eaeb8067a4edf39e5a40&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001981-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106262
Background
Infectious diseases are a major cause of mortality in spite of existing public health, anti-microbial and vaccine interventions. We aimed to define plasma proteomic associates of infection mortality and then apply Mendelian randomisation (MR) to yield biomarkers that may be causally associated.
Methods
We used UK Biobank plasma proteomic data to associate 2923 plasma proteins with infection mortality before 31st December 2019 (240 events in 52,520 participants). Since many plasma proteins also predict non-infection mortality, we focussed on those associated with >1.5-fold risk of infection mortality in an analysis excluding survivors. Protein quantitative trait scores (pQTS) were then used to identify whether genetically predicted protein levels also associated with infection mortality. To conduct Two Sample MR, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of infection mortality using UK Biobank participants without plasma proteomic data (n = 363,953 including 984 infection deaths).
Findings
After adjusting for clinical risk factors, 1142 plasma proteins were associated with risk of infection mortality (false discovery rate <0.05). 259 proteins were associated with >1.5-fold increased risk of infection versus non-infection mortality. Of these, we identified genetically predicted increasing MERTK concentration was associated with increased risk of infection mortality. MR supported a causal association between increasing plasma MERTK protein and infection mortality (odds ratio 1.46 per unit; 95% CI 1.15- 1.85; p = 0.002).
Conclusion
Plasma MERTK is causally associated with infection mortality and warrants exploration as a potential therapeutic target.
{"title":"Plasma MERTK is causally associated with infection mortality","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Infectious diseases are a major cause of mortality in spite of existing public health, anti-microbial and vaccine interventions. We aimed to define plasma proteomic associates of infection mortality and then apply Mendelian randomisation (MR) to yield biomarkers that may be causally associated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used UK Biobank plasma proteomic data to associate 2923 plasma proteins with infection mortality before 31st December 2019 (240 events in 52,520 participants). Since many plasma proteins also predict non-infection mortality, we focussed on those associated with >1.5-fold risk of infection mortality in an analysis excluding survivors. Protein quantitative trait scores (pQTS) were then used to identify whether genetically predicted protein levels also associated with infection mortality. To conduct Two Sample MR, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of infection mortality using UK Biobank participants without plasma proteomic data (n = 363,953 including 984 infection deaths).</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>After adjusting for clinical risk factors, 1142 plasma proteins were associated with risk of infection mortality (false discovery rate <0.05). 259 proteins were associated with >1.5-fold increased risk of infection versus non-infection mortality. Of these, we identified genetically predicted increasing MERTK concentration was associated with increased risk of infection mortality. MR supported a causal association between increasing plasma MERTK protein and infection mortality (odds ratio 1.46 per unit; 95% CI 1.15- 1.85; p = 0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Plasma MERTK is causally associated with infection mortality and warrants exploration as a potential therapeutic target.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001968/pdfft?md5=63cb4a714a6a9cfc30b449602c92d717&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001968-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106263
{"title":"16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons in diagnosis of infectious diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344532400197X/pdfft?md5=f4fc53b5211769aea79fb16e12bb83ea&pid=1-s2.0-S016344532400197X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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