Detection and Eradication of a Demodex Infestation in Specific Pathogen-free High-barrier Laboratory Mouse Facility Housing Immunocompromised Animals.

Samantha Le Sommer, Yan Sun, Levi Legler, Katherine Nelson, Laura Coon, Damian Bohler, Maria I Kontaridis
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Abstract

Demodex mites are a common ectoparasite in nonlaboratory Mus musculus (mouse) populations. While infrequently reported in laboratory research mice, the prevalence is thought to be as high as 35% of all colonies. Here, we discuss an outbreak of Demodex within an SPF high-barrier vivarium housing laboratory mice first identified through commercial sentinel-free PCR testing. Consequently, in-house PCR-mediated identification of individually infected cages was conducted, and a successful method for eradication of secondary reemergent infection was generated via recurrent testing and empirical 12-wk treatment with 3 mg/kg moxidectin and 13 mg/kg imidacloprid. While we were unable to determine the source of our primary outbreak, the secondary outbreak was traced to nongenetically modified C57B6/J immunocompetent mice, which were capable of harboring subclinical infection below our PCR threshold. Our eventual successful eradication of Demodex confirmed, first, that in-house PCR detection is a cost-effective means of monitoring an outbreak; second, that treatment with 3 mg/kg moxidectin and 13 mg/kg imidacloprid does kill Demodex mites in laboratory mice; and third, that treatment of only PCR-positive mice is an insufficient way to control an outbreak. Taken together, our methodological approach for infestations such as Demodex suggests it is possible to eradicate them but that it requires a thorough, systematic, and aggressive treatment regimen. Moreover, we recommend that all cages derived from infected animals be treated as positive, regardless of PCR positivity, to prevent recurrent and/or persistent infections within an animal colony.

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在饲养免疫力低下动物的特定无病原体高屏障实验鼠设施中检测并根除除虱病。
螨虫是非实验室小鼠(Mus musculus)种群中常见的体外寄生虫。虽然在实验室研究小鼠中很少见报道,但据认为在所有鼠群中的发病率高达 35%。在此,我们讨论了在一个饲养实验室小鼠的 SPF 高屏障饲养箱内爆发的德氏囊虫疫情,该疫情最初是通过商用无哨点 PCR 检测发现的。因此,我们对受感染的笼子进行了内部 PCR 鉴定,并通过反复检测和使用 3 毫克/千克莫西菌素和 13 毫克/千克吡虫啉进行为期 12 周的经验性治疗,成功地根除了继发性再感染。虽然我们无法确定原发疫情的来源,但二次疫情被追踪到非转基因 C57B6/J 免疫功能正常的小鼠身上,这些小鼠能够在低于 PCR 阈值的情况下潜伏亚临床感染。我们最终成功根除了除螨病,这首先证实了内部 PCR 检测是监测疫情的一种经济有效的方法;其次,用 3 毫克/千克莫西菌素和 13 毫克/千克吡虫啉治疗确实能杀死实验室小鼠体内的除螨螨;第三,只治疗 PCR 阳性小鼠不足以控制疫情。总之,我们针对德氏螨等虫害的方法表明,根除德氏螨是可能的,但需要彻底、系统和积极的治疗方案。此外,我们还建议,无论 PCR 阳性与否,都应将所有来自感染动物的笼子作为阳性笼子处理,以防止动物群落内反复和/或持续感染。
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American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Handling and Physical Restraint of Research Animals. American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Definition of Animal Welfare. Effect of Novel High-fat Diet Feeding Methods on Food Wastage, Weight Gain, Hair Coat Grease Accumulation, and Scratching Behavior in C57BL/6NCrl Mice. Identification and Treatment of Fur Mites (Radfordia lemnina) in California Deer Mice (Peromyscus californicus) Using Selamectin. American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Animal Care Principles.
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