Breaking down processing speed: Motor and cognitive insights in first-episode psychosis and unaffected first-degree relatives.

Ángel Yorca-Ruiz, Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero, Víctor Ortiz García de la Foz, Nancy Murillo-García, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
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Abstract

Introduction: Processing speed (PS) deficits represent a fundamental aspect of cognitive impairment, evident not only in schizophrenia but also in individuals undergoing their first episode of psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Heterogeneity in tests assessing PS reflects the participation of motor and cognitive subcomponents to varying degrees. We aim to explore differences in performance of the subcomponents of PS in FEP patients, parents, siblings, and controls.

Materials and methods: Results from tests, including Trail Making Test part A and part B, Digit Symbol Coding Test, Grooved Pegboard Test, and Stroop Word and Stroop Color subtests, were obtained from 133 FEP patients, 146 parents, and 202 controls. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed in controls to establish the structure, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify if the other groups share this structure.

Results: EFA revealed a two-factor model: Factor 1 for the motor subcomponent and Factor 2 for the cognitive subcomponent. Subsequently, CFA indicated a good fit for the remaining groups with differences in the relationship between the factors.

Conclusions: Differences in the relationships of factors within a common structure suggest the involvement of different compensatory strategies among groups, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of PS deficits in patients and relatives.

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分解处理速度:首发精神病患者和未受影响的一级亲属的运动和认知洞察力。
导言:处理速度(PS)缺陷是认知障碍的一个基本方面,不仅在精神分裂症中很明显,而且在首次精神病发作(FEP)患者及其未受影响的一级亲属中也很明显。PS 评估测试的异质性反映了运动和认知子成分在不同程度上的参与。我们的目的是探讨FEP患者、其父母、兄弟姐妹和对照组在PS各子部分表现上的差异:我们从 133 名 FEP 患者、146 名家长和 202 名对照者那里获得了测试结果,包括路径制作测试 A 部分和 B 部分、数字符号编码测试、凹槽棋盘测试、Stroop 单词和 Stroop 颜色子测试。在对照组中采用了探索性因子分析(EFA)来确定结构,然后采用确证性因子分析(CFA)来验证其他组别是否具有相同的结构:EFA 揭示了一个双因子模型:结果:EFA 显示了一个双因子模型:因子 1 代表运动子成分,因子 2 代表认知子成分。随后,CFA 表明其余各组的拟合度良好,但各因子之间的关系存在差异:结论:在一个共同的结构中,各因子之间的关系存在差异,这表明各组之间存在不同的代偿策略,从而为了解患者和亲属 PS 缺陷的潜在机制提供了启示。
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