The interplay of intercropping, wildflower strips and weeds in conservation biological control and productivity

IF 4.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Journal of Pest Science Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI:10.1007/s10340-024-01801-1
Séverin Hatt, Thomas F. Döring
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Abstract

Different diversification practices have the potential to reduce pests and therefore pesticide use. Yet, their integration at the agroecosystem level and the evaluation of their multifunctional effects remain limited. Through a two-year field experiment conducted in Germany, we tested whether associating intercropping (faba bean-wheat, followed by breadseed poppy-barley) with pluriannual wildflower strips strengthens the biological regulation of aphid pests and weeds, and enhances cropping system productivity. The contribution of flowering weeds to conservation biological control was also analysed. Aphid but also predator colonization and predation rates on bean and poppy were consistently lower in intercropping compared to sole cropping. Wildflower strips enhanced aphid predation in bean-wheat intercropping, and further reduced aphid colonization at 10 m distance but not at 20 m in poppy-barley intercropping. Weed biomass was consistently reduced in intercropping compared to sole cropping bean and poppy, and did not significantly affect bean and poppy yields in intercropping. The cover of one flowering weed species, Matricaria recutita, was negatively correlated to aphid colonization and positively correlated to predation rate. Matricaria recutita flowers were also visited more often by predatory hoverflies in plots adjacent to wildflower strips. Finally, land equivalent ratio was consistently higher than 1, and the highest in bean-wheat intercropping associated to wildflower strips. The study demonstrates the benefits of associating wildflower strips to intercropping to strengthen biological control and cropping system productivity. Flowering weeds, maintained at an acceptable level through intercropping, turn out to be relevant functional biodiversity in interacting with wildflower strips for conservation biological control.

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间作、野花带和杂草在保护生物控制和生产力方面的相互作用
不同的多样化实践有可能减少虫害,从而减少杀虫剂的使用。然而,这些做法在农业生态系统层面的整合及其多功能效果的评估仍然有限。通过在德国进行的一项为期两年的田间试验,我们测试了间作(蚕豆-小麦,然后是面包籽罂粟-大麦)与多年生野花带的结合是否能加强对蚜虫害虫和杂草的生物调控,并提高种植系统的生产力。此外,还分析了开花杂草对保护性生物防治的贡献。与单一种植相比,间作的蚜虫以及捕食者在豆类和罂粟上的定殖率和捕食率一直较低。野花带增强了蚕豆-小麦间作中的蚜虫捕食率,并进一步降低了罂粟-大麦间作中 10 米距离上的蚜虫定殖率,但在 20 米距离上没有降低。与单种豆类和罂粟相比,间作中杂草的生物量持续减少,并且对间作中豆类和罂粟的产量没有显著影响。一种开花杂草(母菊)的覆盖率与蚜虫定植率呈负相关,与捕食率呈正相关。在邻近野花带的地块中,食肉食蚜蝇也更频繁地光顾母菊花。最后,土地当量比始终高于 1,在与野花带相关的豆麦间作中,土地当量比最高。这项研究表明,将野花带与间作套种结合起来,有利于加强生物防治和提高耕作系统的生产力。通过间作将开花杂草维持在可接受的水平,在与野花带相互作用进行保护性生物防治时,开花杂草被证明是相关的功能性生物多样性。
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来源期刊
Journal of Pest Science
Journal of Pest Science 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
114
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Pest Science publishes high-quality papers on all aspects of pest science in agriculture, horticulture (including viticulture), forestry, urban pests, and stored products research, including health and safety issues. Journal of Pest Science reports on advances in control of pests and animal vectors of diseases, the biology, ethology and ecology of pests and their antagonists, and the use of other beneficial organisms in pest control. The journal covers all noxious or damaging groups of animals, including arthropods, nematodes, molluscs, and vertebrates. Journal of Pest Science devotes special attention to emerging and innovative pest control strategies, including the side effects of such approaches on non-target organisms, for example natural enemies and pollinators, and the implementation of these strategies in integrated pest management. Journal of Pest Science also publishes papers on the management of agro- and forest ecosystems where this is relevant to pest control. Papers on important methodological developments relevant for pest control will be considered as well.
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