Airborne Nanoparticle Concentrations Are Associated with Increased Mortality Risk in Canada's Two Largest Cities.

IF 19.3 1区 医学 Q1 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1164/rccm.202311-2013OC
Marshall Lloyd, Toyib Olaniyan, Arman Ganji, Junshi Xu, Alessya Venuta, Leora Simon, Mingqian Zhang, Milad Saeedi, Shoma Yamanouchi, An Wang, Alexandra Schmidt, Hong Chen, Paul Villeneuve, Joshua Apte, Eric Lavigne, Richard T Burnett, Michael Tjepkema, Marianne Hatzopoulou, Scott Weichenthal
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Abstract

Rationale: Outdoor fine particulate air pollution (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ⩽2.5 μm; PM2.5) contributes to millions of deaths around the world each year, but much less is known about the long-term health impacts of other particulate air pollutants, including ultrafine particles (a.k.a. nanoparticles), which are in the nanometer-size range (<100 nm), widespread in urban environments, and not currently regulated. Objectives: We sought to estimate the associations between long-term exposure to outdoor ultrafine particles and mortality. Methods: Outdoor air pollution levels were linked to the residential addresses of a large, population-based cohort from 2001 to 2016. Associations between long-term exposure to outdoor ultrafine particles and nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Measurements and Main Results: An increase in long-term exposure to outdoor ultrafine particles was associated with an increased risk of nonaccidental mortality (hazard ratio = 1.073; 95% confidence interval = 1.061-1.085) and cause-specific mortality, the strongest of which was respiratory mortality (hazard ratio = 1.174; 95% confidence interval = 1.130-1.220). We estimated the mortality burden for outdoor ultrafine particles in Montreal and Toronto, Canada, to be approximately 1,100 additional nonaccidental deaths every year. Furthermore, we observed possible confounding by particle size, which suggests that previous studies may have underestimated or missed important health risks associated with ultrafine particles. Conclusions: As outdoor ultrafine particles are not currently regulated, there is great potential for future regulatory interventions to improve population health by targeting these common outdoor air pollutants.

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加拿大两个最大城市的空气传播纳米粒子浓度与死亡率风险增加有关。
理由:室外细颗粒空气污染(PM2.5)每年导致全球数百万人死亡,但人们对其他颗粒空气污染物(包括纳米级的超细颗粒(又称纳米粒子))的长期健康影响却知之甚少:估计长期暴露于室外超细粒子与死亡率之间的关系:室外空气污染水平与 2001 - 2016 年间基于人口的大型队列的居住地址相关联。采用 Cox 比例危险模型估算长期暴露于室外超细粒子与非意外死亡率和特定原因死亡率之间的关系:室外超细粒子长期暴露的增加与非意外死亡(危险比=1.073,95%置信区间=1.061,1.085)和特定原因死亡的风险增加有关,其中最强的是呼吸系统死亡(危险比=1.174,95%置信区间=1.130,1.220):主要结果:长期暴露于室外超细粒子会增加死亡风险。我们估计,在加拿大蒙特利尔和多伦多,室外超细粒子造成的死亡负担每年约增加 1100 例非意外死亡。此外,我们还观察到颗粒大小可能会造成混淆,这表明之前的研究可能低估或遗漏了与超细颗粒相关的重要健康风险:由于目前尚未对室外超细粒子进行监管,因此未来针对这些常见室外空气污染物采取监管干预措施以改善人群健康状况的潜力巨大。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
27.30
自引率
4.50%
发文量
1313
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine focuses on human biology and disease, as well as animal studies that contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology and treatment of diseases that affect the respiratory system and critically ill patients. Papers that are solely or predominantly based in cell and molecular biology are published in the companion journal, the American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. The Journal also seeks to publish clinical trials and outstanding review articles on areas of interest in several forms. The State-of-the-Art review is a treatise usually covering a broad field that brings bench research to the bedside. Shorter reviews are published as Critical Care Perspectives or Pulmonary Perspectives. These are generally focused on a more limited area and advance a concerted opinion about care for a specific process. Concise Clinical Reviews provide an evidence-based synthesis of the literature pertaining to topics of fundamental importance to the practice of pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. Images providing advances or unusual contributions to the field are published as Images in Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and the Sciences. A recent trend and future direction of the Journal has been to include debates of a topical nature on issues of importance in pulmonary and critical care medicine and to the membership of the American Thoracic Society. Other recent changes have included encompassing works from the field of critical care medicine and the extension of the editorial governing of journal policy to colleagues outside of the United States of America. The focus and direction of the Journal is to establish an international forum for state-of-the-art respiratory and critical care medicine.
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