Prevention policies for the marine ecological environment in the South China Sea as a consequence of excessive plastic compound use in Vietnam

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI:10.1002/ieam.4971

Md. Ziaul Islam

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Abstract

Vietnam suffers from a distressing predicament: It ranks among the most heavily contaminated nations on earth. Its coastal and marine domains are plagued by an excess of plastic waste. Vietnam has consistently discharged a substantial amount of waste into the oceans, ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 million metric tons annually. Numerous areas have emerged as focal points of plastic pollution throughout its extensive seashore and marine areas. The escalating presence of marine litter poses an increasingly grave threat to the intricate equilibrium of Vietnam's marine ecosystems. This comprehensive policy study reveals that the mounting problem of ocean plastic pollution, characterized by the abundance of floating plastic debris, imperils both plant and animal life, placing various marine species such as seabirds, fish, turtles, and cetaceans at risk. The consumption of minuscule plastic particles and the harmful impact of chemical pollutants from plastic waste in the ocean not only endangers the vitality of marine life but also poses a substantial hazard to human well-being because plastic waste infiltrates the food chain. This research reveals that, despite the existence of numerous laws and policies—including the Law on Environmental Protection 2020, the Marine Plastic Waste Management Initiative for the Fisheries Sector 2020–2030, and the National Action Plan for Management of Marine Plastic Litter—a significant amount of plastic waste is infiltrating the river network and eventually infiltrating oceans as a result of improper monitoring and ineffective enforcement of these legislations. Relying primarily on existing data released by the government and other sources and a wide range of gray literature retrieved from reputable databases, this study aims to evaluate the role of Vietnam's legal framework for combating the critical issue of marine plastic pollution in the South China Sea. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2088–2106. © 2024 SETAC

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越南过度使用塑料化合物对南海海洋生态环境造成影响的预防政策。

越南面临着令人苦恼的困境：越南是地球上受污染最严重的国家之一。过量的塑料垃圾困扰着越南的沿海和海洋。越南每年持续向海洋排放大量废物，数量从 28 万公吨到 73 万公吨不等。在越南广阔的海滨和海洋区域，许多地方已成为塑料污染的焦点。海洋垃圾的不断增加对越南错综复杂的海洋生态系统平衡构成了日益严重的威胁。这项综合政策研究显示，以大量漂浮塑料碎片为特征的海洋塑料污染问题日益严重，危及动植物生命，使海鸟、鱼类、海龟和鲸类等各种海洋物种处于危险之中。海洋中微小塑料颗粒的消耗和塑料垃圾中化学污染物的有害影响，不仅危及海洋生物的生存，而且由于塑料垃圾渗入食物链，对人类福祉也构成了巨大危害。本研究揭示，尽管存在众多法律和政策，包括《2020 年环境保护法》、《2020-2030 年渔业部门海洋塑料废物管理倡议》和《海洋塑料垃圾管理国家行动计划》，但由于监测不当和执法不力，大量塑料废物正在渗入河网，并最终渗入海洋。本研究主要依靠政府和其他来源发布的现有数据，以及从著名数据库中检索到的大量灰色文献，旨在评估越南法律框架在应对南海海洋塑料污染这一关键问题中的作用。Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-19.© 2024 SETAC.

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来源期刊

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESTOXICOLOGY&nbs-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.50%

发文量

156

期刊介绍： Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas: Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making Health and ecological risk and impact assessment Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems Sustaining ecosystems Managing large-scale environmental change Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society: Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.

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