Suppression of Adverse Phase Transition of Layered Oxide Cathode via Local Electronic Structure Regulation for High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Advancing the high-voltage stability of the O3-type layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries is critical to boost their progress in energy storage applications. However, this type of cathode often suffers from intricate phase transition and structural degradation at high voltages (i.e., >4.0 V vs Na⁺/Na), resulting in rapid capacity decay. Here, we present a Li/Ti cosubstitution strategy to modify the electronic configuration of oxygen elements in the O3-type layered oxide cathode. This deliberate modulation simultaneously mitigates the phase transitions and counteracts the weakening of the shielding effect resulting from the extraction of sodium ions, thus enhancing the electrostatic bonding within the TM layer and inducing and optimizing the O3–OP2 phase transition occurring in the voltage range of 2.0–4.3 V. Consequently, the cosubstituted NaLi_1/9Ni_1/3Mn_4/9Ti_1/9O₂ exhibits an astounding capacity of 161.2 mAh g^–1 in the voltage range of 2.0–4.3 V at 1C, and stable cycling up to 100 cycles has been achieved. This work shows the impact mechanism of element substitution on interlayer forces and phase transitions, providing a crucial reference for the optimization of O3-type materials.