Tianhao Yang, Pengru Huang, Zhizhan Qiu, Yixuan Han, Dong Guan, Pin Lyu, Jie Su, Kostya S. Novoselov, Hanyan Fang, Jiong Lu
Understanding and engineering atomic defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) provides a powerful platform for realizing solid-state quantum emitters and spin qubits, advancing the field of quantum information science and technologies. However, the full potential of such quantum defects remains locked by the critical lack of a deterministic structure–property relationship at the atomic scale. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to atomically engineer and decipher quantum defects in hBN by integrating scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and noncontact atomic force-microscopy with a CO-functionalized tip. We implemented controllable argon ion bombardment to create both boron vacancies (VB) and nitrogen vacancies (VN) in submonolayer hBN grown on Cu(111). Simultaneously, encapsulated Ar species trapped between hBN and Cu(111) locally lift the hBN to form nanobubbles, thereby decoupling atomic vacancies from the metal substrate and enabling direct probing of their electronic states. For the on-bubble VN, STS measurement reveals a prominent in-gap state with a phonon replica. Furthermore, with aid of STM tip-assisted manipulation, we demonstrate that the tuning of nanobubble sizes modulates their strain profile, thereby modulating the energetic positions of electronic states in on-bubble defects, corroborated by density functional calculations. Our studies offer insight into the intrinsic defect structures in hBN and quantum defect engineering via local strain engineering.
{"title":"Atomic-Scale Engineering and Strain Modulation of Quantum Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride","authors":"Tianhao Yang, Pengru Huang, Zhizhan Qiu, Yixuan Han, Dong Guan, Pin Lyu, Jie Su, Kostya S. Novoselov, Hanyan Fang, Jiong Lu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c22322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c22322","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding and engineering atomic defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) provides a powerful platform for realizing solid-state quantum emitters and spin qubits, advancing the field of quantum information science and technologies. However, the full potential of such quantum defects remains locked by the critical lack of a deterministic structure–property relationship at the atomic scale. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to atomically engineer and decipher quantum defects in hBN by integrating scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and noncontact atomic force-microscopy with a CO-functionalized tip. We implemented controllable argon ion bombardment to create both boron vacancies (V<sub>B</sub>) and nitrogen vacancies (V<sub>N</sub>) in submonolayer hBN grown on Cu(111). Simultaneously, encapsulated Ar species trapped between hBN and Cu(111) locally lift the hBN to form nanobubbles, thereby decoupling atomic vacancies from the metal substrate and enabling direct probing of their electronic states. For the on-bubble V<sub>N</sub>, STS measurement reveals a prominent in-gap state with a phonon replica. Furthermore, with aid of STM tip-assisted manipulation, we demonstrate that the tuning of nanobubble sizes modulates their strain profile, thereby modulating the energetic positions of electronic states in on-bubble defects, corroborated by density functional calculations. Our studies offer insight into the intrinsic defect structures in hBN and quantum defect engineering via local strain engineering.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroka Sugai, Shunsuke Tomita, Mariko Toyoda, Kota Watanuki, Mao Fukuyama, Takashi Kajitani, Kazushi Kinbara
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a key role in cellular organization, enabling the formation of dynamic compartments that provide spatial and temporal control over biochemical processes. Although LLPS systems are typically fluidic, recent studies have revealed that specific molecular constituents can induce an internal structure. Here, we show that droplet formation between guanine quadruplexes (G4s) and polylysine peptides triggers G4-driven internal structural ordering. Using birefringence-retardation imaging, confocal fluorescence imaging, as well as X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques, we demonstrate that anisotropic subcompartments are gradually developed at specific points of their droplet–solution interfaces. The G4s possess intrinsic molecular rigidity due to their stacked G-quartet structures, and their interaction with the flexible polylysine peptides enables the formation of a hexagonal columnar phase (a = 3.64 nm; c = 0.86 nm; nine units per turn). This highly ordered subcompartment is enriched in low-fluidity G4s, while the peptides remain dynamically diffuse throughout the entire compartment. This supramolecular platform provides insights into the cooperative roles of structural order and molecular mobility in phase-separated systems, offering a foundation for the bottom-up design of synthetic condensates inspired by biomolecular organization.
液-液相分离（LLPS）在细胞组织中起着关键作用，使动态区室的形成能够提供对生化过程的空间和时间控制。虽然LLPS系统是典型的流体，但最近的研究表明，特定的分子成分可以诱导内部结构。在这里，我们发现鸟嘌呤四聚体（G4s）和聚赖氨酸肽之间的液滴形成触发g4驱动的内部结构排序。利用双折射-延迟成像、共聚焦荧光成像以及x射线衍射和散射技术，我们证明了各向异性子室在其液滴-溶液界面的特定点上逐渐发展。G4s由于其堆叠的g -四重奏结构而具有固有的分子刚性，并且它们与柔性聚赖氨酸肽的相互作用使其形成六方柱状相（a = 3.64 nm; c = 0.86 nm； 9个单位/转）。这个高度有序的亚室富含低流动性的G4s，而肽在整个室中保持动态扩散。这个超分子平台提供了对相分离体系中结构顺序和分子迁移率协同作用的见解，为受生物分子组织启发的自下而上的合成缩合物设计提供了基础。
{"title":"Emergence of Anisotropic Subcompartments via Coassembly of Hierarchically Ordered G-Quadruplexes and Fluid Polylysine in Droplet-Based Compartments","authors":"Hiroka Sugai, Shunsuke Tomita, Mariko Toyoda, Kota Watanuki, Mao Fukuyama, Takashi Kajitani, Kazushi Kinbara","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c21437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c21437","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a key role in cellular organization, enabling the formation of dynamic compartments that provide spatial and temporal control over biochemical processes. Although LLPS systems are typically fluidic, recent studies have revealed that specific molecular constituents can induce an internal structure. Here, we show that droplet formation between guanine quadruplexes (G4s) and polylysine peptides triggers G4-driven internal structural ordering. Using birefringence-retardation imaging, confocal fluorescence imaging, as well as X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques, we demonstrate that anisotropic subcompartments are gradually developed at specific points of their droplet–solution interfaces. The G4s possess intrinsic molecular rigidity due to their stacked G-quartet structures, and their interaction with the flexible polylysine peptides enables the formation of a hexagonal columnar phase (<i>a</i> = 3.64 nm; <i>c</i> = 0.86 nm; nine units per turn). This highly ordered subcompartment is enriched in low-fluidity G4s, while the peptides remain dynamically diffuse throughout the entire compartment. This supramolecular platform provides insights into the cooperative roles of structural order and molecular mobility in phase-separated systems, offering a foundation for the bottom-up design of synthetic condensates inspired by biomolecular organization.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detonation nanodiamonds containing silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers (SiV-DNDs) exhibit spectrally sharp optical transitions and are promising nanoscale emitters. After purification and oxidative postprocessing, SiV-DNDs are obtained with a mean particle diameter of ∼10 nm, a size scale at which single-color-center occupancy per particle may be expected. Yet, practical applications require selective enrichment from mixtures that also contain undoped nanodiamonds. Conventional separation methods lack sufficient selectivity, and resonant absorption-based optical sorting is fundamentally constrained by excited-state saturation, rendering it ineffective in the single-color-center regime. Building on our recent theoretical predictions that stimulated emission can generate a dissipative optical force beyond this limit, we demonstrate that the stimulated recoil force (SRF) provides a scalable mechanism for emission-line-selective manipulation of nanodiamonds in liquid. Using a glass capillary with counter-propagating pump beams and a manipulation beam resonant with SiV emission, we observe millimeter-scale downstream depletion and upstream enrichment of SiV-DNDs, while a spectrally distinct, off-resonant fluorescent nanodiamond population remains unchanged. The magnitude and spatial extent of the transport show that SRF overcomes Brownian diffusion and enables long-range, species-selective transport under realistic conditions. To identify the physical mechanism, we perform complementary glass-cell experiments under a well-defined focusing geometry and compare the observed enrichment with optical-force calculations based on density-matrix dynamics and Brownian-dynamics simulations. Qualitative agreement supports SRF as the dominant dissipative contribution responsible for the transport. These results demonstrate practical, emission-energy-selective optical sorting of fluorescent nanodiamonds and define design principles for extending this approach to capillaries, microfluidic systems, and other fluorescent nanomaterials.
{"title":"Selective Enrichment of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds by Stimulated Recoil Forces","authors":"Yoshiki Saito, Takao Horai, Yoshiki Umekawa, Ryosuke Shimono, Yoshihiro Tomoi, Takuya Matsuda, Yuto Makino, Yosuke Minowa, Hajime Ishihara, Masaaki Ashida","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c22759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c22759","url":null,"abstract":"Detonation nanodiamonds containing silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers (SiV-DNDs) exhibit spectrally sharp optical transitions and are promising nanoscale emitters. After purification and oxidative postprocessing, SiV-DNDs are obtained with a mean particle diameter of ∼10 nm, a size scale at which single-color-center occupancy per particle may be expected. Yet, practical applications require selective enrichment from mixtures that also contain undoped nanodiamonds. Conventional separation methods lack sufficient selectivity, and resonant absorption-based optical sorting is fundamentally constrained by excited-state saturation, rendering it ineffective in the single-color-center regime. Building on our recent theoretical predictions that stimulated emission can generate a dissipative optical force beyond this limit, we demonstrate that the stimulated recoil force (SRF) provides a scalable mechanism for emission-line-selective manipulation of nanodiamonds in liquid. Using a glass capillary with counter-propagating pump beams and a manipulation beam resonant with SiV emission, we observe millimeter-scale downstream depletion and upstream enrichment of SiV-DNDs, while a spectrally distinct, off-resonant fluorescent nanodiamond population remains unchanged. The magnitude and spatial extent of the transport show that SRF overcomes Brownian diffusion and enables long-range, species-selective transport under realistic conditions. To identify the physical mechanism, we perform complementary glass-cell experiments under a well-defined focusing geometry and compare the observed enrichment with optical-force calculations based on density-matrix dynamics and Brownian-dynamics simulations. Qualitative agreement supports SRF as the dominant dissipative contribution responsible for the transport. These results demonstrate practical, emission-energy-selective optical sorting of fluorescent nanodiamonds and define design principles for extending this approach to capillaries, microfluidic systems, and other fluorescent nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owen A. Vail,Shu-Wei Wang,Yasen Hou,Dinura Hettiarachchi,Jean-Félix Milette,Tim B. Eldred,Wenpei Gao,Wendy L. Sarney,Haile Ambaye,Jong Keum,Valeria Lauter,George J. de Coster,Matthew J. Gilbert,Don Heiman,Jagadeesh S. Moodera,Hang Chi
Magnetic topological insulators and their heterostructures provide significant opportunities to couple band topology with a nontrivial spin configuration for enhanced spintronic device performance, as well as designing magnetoelectric systems and functionalities. We find that Mn interdiffusion from MnTe when interfaced with (Bi,Sb)2Te3 stabilizes as self-organized Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4 septuple lamellae among alternating (Bi,Sb)2Te3 quintuple layers, as observed using scanning transmission electron microscopy and depth-sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry. We further demonstrate a valuable combination of magnetic and topological orders in these naturally formed Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4–(Bi,Sb)2Te3 heterostructures, which are exchange-coupled with MnTe. Magnetotransport experiments and quantum magnetism simulations reveal that, above its own Néel temperature TN ∼ 20 K, Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4 mediates the exchange field leading to an anomalous Hall effect at the (Bi,Sb)2Te3/MnTe interface, with an enhanced interfacial TN exceeding 200 K, approaching that of the bulk MnTe. This magnetic interface, in turn, allows a robust and deterministic spin–orbit torque switching without an external magnetic field at a low critical current density of 3 × 105 A cm–2. The antiferromagnetically coupled architecture of Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4–(Bi,Sb)2Te3/MnTe, featuring magnetic and topological proximity effects across a chalcogenide backbone, is rich in fundamental interface physics and holds the potential for practical applications in spintronics.
{"title":"Proximity Magnetism in Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4–(Bi,Sb)2Te3/MnTe Natural Heterostructures","authors":"Owen A. Vail,Shu-Wei Wang,Yasen Hou,Dinura Hettiarachchi,Jean-Félix Milette,Tim B. Eldred,Wenpei Gao,Wendy L. Sarney,Haile Ambaye,Jong Keum,Valeria Lauter,George J. de Coster,Matthew J. Gilbert,Don Heiman,Jagadeesh S. Moodera,Hang Chi","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.6c02294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02294","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic topological insulators and their heterostructures provide significant opportunities to couple band topology with a nontrivial spin configuration for enhanced spintronic device performance, as well as designing magnetoelectric systems and functionalities. We find that Mn interdiffusion from MnTe when interfaced with (Bi,Sb)2Te3 stabilizes as self-organized Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4 septuple lamellae among alternating (Bi,Sb)2Te3 quintuple layers, as observed using scanning transmission electron microscopy and depth-sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry. We further demonstrate a valuable combination of magnetic and topological orders in these naturally formed Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4–(Bi,Sb)2Te3 heterostructures, which are exchange-coupled with MnTe. Magnetotransport experiments and quantum magnetism simulations reveal that, above its own Néel temperature TN ∼ 20 K, Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4 mediates the exchange field leading to an anomalous Hall effect at the (Bi,Sb)2Te3/MnTe interface, with an enhanced interfacial TN exceeding 200 K, approaching that of the bulk MnTe. This magnetic interface, in turn, allows a robust and deterministic spin–orbit torque switching without an external magnetic field at a low critical current density of 3 × 105 A cm–2. The antiferromagnetically coupled architecture of Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4–(Bi,Sb)2Te3/MnTe, featuring magnetic and topological proximity effects across a chalcogenide backbone, is rich in fundamental interface physics and holds the potential for practical applications in spintronics.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dohyun Lim,Hyeonseo Cheon,Seung Hwan Jeon,Min Woo Jeong,Yeon Soo Lee,Gui Won Hwang,Junwon Jang,Da Wan Kim,Jin Young Oh,Changhyun Pang
Skin-like wearable bioelectronics should exhibit stable adhesion, benign detachment, stretchability, and self-healability to meet the demands of future user-interactive electronic skin applications. Despite recent rapid advances in self-healable adhesive electronic materials, inherent flowability and fast chain dynamics still lead to inferior performance compared to nonself-healable systems. Herein, we present an architecturally stable, repositionable, and biocompatible reflow-controlled double-layered cephalopod-inspired adhesive electrode capable of autonomous self-healing. The reflow-resistant composite material consists of single-walled carbon nanotubes and supramolecular polymers that can control flowability and induce hierarchically self-assembled reinforced nanostructures, resulting in soft (Young’s modulus: ∼425 kPa) yet dimensionally stable systems under various conditions (underwater, pressure, and mild heat) over 7 days. The versatile bioelectronic adhesive interface programmed based on surface adaptability and energy distribution can induce robust adhesion in various (wet, rough, and dynamic) environments. Based on intimate adhesion with the skin, we demonstrate electrocardiogram/electromyogram signal acquisition and robot manipulation during dynamic motion under swollen, aged, and healed conditions.
{"title":"Conductive Reflow-Resistant Self-Healing Nanocomposite-Structured Adhesives for Reliable and Versatile Bioelectronic Interfaces","authors":"Dohyun Lim,Hyeonseo Cheon,Seung Hwan Jeon,Min Woo Jeong,Yeon Soo Lee,Gui Won Hwang,Junwon Jang,Da Wan Kim,Jin Young Oh,Changhyun Pang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c18220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c18220","url":null,"abstract":"Skin-like wearable bioelectronics should exhibit stable adhesion, benign detachment, stretchability, and self-healability to meet the demands of future user-interactive electronic skin applications. Despite recent rapid advances in self-healable adhesive electronic materials, inherent flowability and fast chain dynamics still lead to inferior performance compared to nonself-healable systems. Herein, we present an architecturally stable, repositionable, and biocompatible reflow-controlled double-layered cephalopod-inspired adhesive electrode capable of autonomous self-healing. The reflow-resistant composite material consists of single-walled carbon nanotubes and supramolecular polymers that can control flowability and induce hierarchically self-assembled reinforced nanostructures, resulting in soft (Young’s modulus: ∼425 kPa) yet dimensionally stable systems under various conditions (underwater, pressure, and mild heat) over 7 days. The versatile bioelectronic adhesive interface programmed based on surface adaptability and energy distribution can induce robust adhesion in various (wet, rough, and dynamic) environments. Based on intimate adhesion with the skin, we demonstrate electrocardiogram/electromyogram signal acquisition and robot manipulation during dynamic motion under swollen, aged, and healed conditions.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the variety of quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), blue-emitting color centers, or B centers, have garnered particular interest owing to their excellent quantum optical properties. Moreover, the fact that they can be locally activated by an electron beam makes them suitable for top-down integration into photonic devices. However, in the absence of a real-time monitoring technique sensitive to individual emitters, the activation process is stochastic in the number of emitters, and its mechanism is under debate. Here, we implement an in situ cathodoluminescence monitoring setup capable of detecting individual quantum emitters in the blue and ultraviolet (UV) range. We demonstrate that the activation of individual B centers is spatially and temporally correlated with the deactivation of individual UV centers emitting at 4.1 eV, which are ubiquitous in hBN. We then make use of the ability to detect individual B center activation events to demonstrate the controlled creation of an array with only one emitter per irradiation site. Additionally, we demonstrate a symmetric technique for the heralded selective deactivation of individual emitters. Our results provide insights into the microscopic structure and activation mechanism of B centers, as well as versatile techniques for their deterministic integration.
{"title":"Deterministic Generation of Single B Centers in hBN by One-to-One Conversion from UV Centers","authors":"Andrés Núñez Marcos, Christophe Arnold, Julien Barjon, Stéphanie Buil, Jean-Pierre Hermier, Aymeric Delteil","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c19102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c19102","url":null,"abstract":"Among the variety of quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), blue-emitting color centers, or B centers, have garnered particular interest owing to their excellent quantum optical properties. Moreover, the fact that they can be locally activated by an electron beam makes them suitable for top-down integration into photonic devices. However, in the absence of a real-time monitoring technique sensitive to individual emitters, the activation process is stochastic in the number of emitters, and its mechanism is under debate. Here, we implement an <i>in situ</i> cathodoluminescence monitoring setup capable of detecting individual quantum emitters in the blue and ultraviolet (UV) range. We demonstrate that the activation of individual B centers is spatially and temporally correlated with the deactivation of individual UV centers emitting at 4.1 eV, which are ubiquitous in hBN. We then make use of the ability to detect individual B center activation events to demonstrate the controlled creation of an array with only one emitter per irradiation site. Additionally, we demonstrate a symmetric technique for the heralded selective deactivation of individual emitters. Our results provide insights into the microscopic structure and activation mechanism of B centers, as well as versatile techniques for their deterministic integration.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of sustainable materials that integrates mechanical toughness with on-demand degradability remains a central challenge in the development of materials science. Here, we present a photoresponsive polyester capable of light-regulated enzymatic degradation through movable cross-links. The material consists of a poly(ε-caprolactone) backbone and inclusion complexes between photoisomerizable trans-stilbene (tSti) units and triacetylated γ-cyclodextrin (TAcγCD) units. Upon UV-A (λ = 350 nm) or UV-C (λ = 254 nm) irradiation, stilbene units undergo reversible trans–cis isomerization, repositioning cyclodextrin (CD) rings along the backbone and thereby switching the molecular coverage of enzyme-active ester groups. In the trans state, polyester segments are exposed, accelerating lipase-catalyzed degradation; in the cis state, ester groups are shielded, suppressing degradation. The switching is reversible under alternating UV-A/UV-C irradiation and absent in the linear control lacking movable rings, demonstrating that controllable CD positioning is essential for degradation control. This study introduces a molecular-coverage-based design rule that reconciles toughness and degradability for sustainable, environmentally benign polymers.
{"title":"Light-Programmable Polyester Networks with Movable Cross-Links for On-Demand Enzymatic Degradation","authors":"Xin Zhou,Jiaxiong Liu,Kenji Yamaoka,Ryohei Ikura,Akihide Sugawara,Go Matsuba,Hiroshi Uyama,Yoshinori Takashima","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c19646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c19646","url":null,"abstract":"The design of sustainable materials that integrates mechanical toughness with on-demand degradability remains a central challenge in the development of materials science. Here, we present a photoresponsive polyester capable of light-regulated enzymatic degradation through movable cross-links. The material consists of a poly(ε-caprolactone) backbone and inclusion complexes between photoisomerizable trans-stilbene (tSti) units and triacetylated γ-cyclodextrin (TAcγCD) units. Upon UV-A (λ = 350 nm) or UV-C (λ = 254 nm) irradiation, stilbene units undergo reversible trans–cis isomerization, repositioning cyclodextrin (CD) rings along the backbone and thereby switching the molecular coverage of enzyme-active ester groups. In the trans state, polyester segments are exposed, accelerating lipase-catalyzed degradation; in the cis state, ester groups are shielded, suppressing degradation. The switching is reversible under alternating UV-A/UV-C irradiation and absent in the linear control lacking movable rings, demonstrating that controllable CD positioning is essential for degradation control. This study introduces a molecular-coverage-based design rule that reconciles toughness and degradability for sustainable, environmentally benign polymers.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoqing Zhang, Miaomiao Wei, Zihan Zhang, Shixuan Chen, Wenbing Wan
Trauma can easily cause large-area skin tissue defects and is accompanied by bacterial infection, excessive oxidative stress, and unregulated inflammation, resulting in delayed healing and scar formation. This study presents a microneedle patch with a core–shell architecture, designed to address these challenges through integrated therapeutic functionalities. The shell of the microneedles incorporates melanin nanoparticles chelated with copper ions for controlling bacterial infection, and the core of the microneedles is filled with salvianolic acid B microparticles to reduce scar formation. In vitro analyses demonstrated the patch’s capacity to effectively eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit bacterial growth, and promote fibroblast migration and angiogenesis. Computational simulations further revealed its controlled drug diffusion, ensuring sustained therapeutic effects. In vivo experiments using S. aureus-infected wound models confirmed the patch’s efficacy in accelerating wound closure, reducing inflammation, and mitigating scar formation. Histopathological analysis and RNA sequencing highlighted its role in modulating inflammatory and collagen deposition pathways, while promoting balanced tissue regeneration. The microneedle system offers a promising platform for wound healing and scar prevention, combining targeted drug delivery with multifunctional therapeutic effects.
{"title":"Multifunctional Microneedle Patch with Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Pro-Regenerative Properties for Scarless Wound Healing","authors":"Guoqing Zhang, Miaomiao Wei, Zihan Zhang, Shixuan Chen, Wenbing Wan","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.6c01964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c01964","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma can easily cause large-area skin tissue defects and is accompanied by bacterial infection, excessive oxidative stress, and unregulated inflammation, resulting in delayed healing and scar formation. This study presents a microneedle patch with a core–shell architecture, designed to address these challenges through integrated therapeutic functionalities. The shell of the microneedles incorporates melanin nanoparticles chelated with copper ions for controlling bacterial infection, and the core of the microneedles is filled with salvianolic acid B microparticles to reduce scar formation. <i>In vitro</i> analyses demonstrated the patch’s capacity to effectively eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit bacterial growth, and promote fibroblast migration and angiogenesis. Computational simulations further revealed its controlled drug diffusion, ensuring sustained therapeutic effects. <i>In vivo</i> experiments using <i>S. aureus</i>-infected wound models confirmed the patch’s efficacy in accelerating wound closure, reducing inflammation, and mitigating scar formation. Histopathological analysis and RNA sequencing highlighted its role in modulating inflammatory and collagen deposition pathways, while promoting balanced tissue regeneration. The microneedle system offers a promising platform for wound healing and scar prevention, combining targeted drug delivery with multifunctional therapeutic effects.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiral hybrid perovskite spin-light emitting diodes (spin-LEDs) adopt spin filtration technology based on chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), while circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL) arises from a direct conversion of spin angular momentum into light. The current obstacle lies in elevating the dissymmetry factors for circularly polarized luminescence in quasi-2D chiral-achiral synergistic systems. Herein, chiral organic ligands R-/S-methylbenzylamine (R-/S-MBA) were incorporated into lead-iodide octahedral inorganic frameworks, forming dimensional-mixing phases. An effective chirality transfer through the visible light region and chirality-induced spin–orbit coupling (CISOC) strengths of up to 0.8081 eV·Å were achieved for ultrathin red emitters. Without spin injection, prominent dissymmetry factors of CP-EL approaching 20% were obtained for R-/S-MBA-based bright red single-junction spin-LEDs. Our work greatly promotes the development high-performance red chiral perovskite spin-LEDs.
手性杂化钙钛矿自旋发光二极管（spin- leds）采用基于手性诱导自旋选择性（CISS）的自旋过滤技术，而圆极化电致发光（CP-EL）是由自旋角动量直接转化为光产生的。目前的障碍在于提高准二维手性-非手性协同体系圆极化发光的不对称因子。将手性有机配体R-/ s -甲基苄胺（R-/S-MBA）掺入碘化铅八面体无机框架中，形成尺度混合相。超薄红色发射体在可见光区实现了有效的手性转移，手性诱导自旋轨道耦合（CISOC）强度高达0.8081 eV·Å。在不注入自旋的情况下，R-/ s - mba基亮红色单结自旋led的CP-EL不对称系数接近20%。我们的工作极大地促进了高性能红手性钙钛矿自旋led的发展。
{"title":"Dimensionality-Mixed Phases Facilitate Chirality Transfer and Spin-Orbit Coupling for Chiral Perovskite Red Spin-LEDs","authors":"Sheng Tao,Linze Jiang,Liqun Liu,Houzhi Chen,Jun Tang,Chao Qian,Peiran Fan,Lin Zhu,Pengxi Chen,Jin Zhou,Yang Qin,Xiangnan Sun,Hanlin Hu,Jing Li,Xixiang Zhu,Haomiao Yu,Yumeng Shi,Jinpeng Li,Zhi-gang Yu,Bin Hu,Kai Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c22124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c22124","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral hybrid perovskite spin-light emitting diodes (spin-LEDs) adopt spin filtration technology based on chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), while circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL) arises from a direct conversion of spin angular momentum into light. The current obstacle lies in elevating the dissymmetry factors for circularly polarized luminescence in quasi-2D chiral-achiral synergistic systems. Herein, chiral organic ligands R-/S-methylbenzylamine (R-/S-MBA) were incorporated into lead-iodide octahedral inorganic frameworks, forming dimensional-mixing phases. An effective chirality transfer through the visible light region and chirality-induced spin–orbit coupling (CISOC) strengths of up to 0.8081 eV·Å were achieved for ultrathin red emitters. Without spin injection, prominent dissymmetry factors of CP-EL approaching 20% were obtained for R-/S-MBA-based bright red single-junction spin-LEDs. Our work greatly promotes the development high-performance red chiral perovskite spin-LEDs.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As important building blocks of integrated optoelectronic chips, most multilayer and bulk 2D layered semiconductors undertake out-of-plane inversion symmetry, which limits their multifunctional applications. Here, we propose a facile interfacial engineering means of breaking such inversion symmetry by built-in electric fields across the semiconductor–metal van der Waals heterointerface. Broken inversion symmetry of 2H WS2 layers has been experimentally confirmed by strong second harmonic generation (SHG) in fabricated bulk WS2/Au heterostructures. Through correlated SHG, atomic force, and surface potential mapping measurements and density function theory simulation (DFT), we unambiguously confirm the proposed physical mechanism. These results provide more possibilities of utilizing a 2D semiconductor/metal heterostructure to construct multifunctional integrated optoelectronic chips.
{"title":"Breaking Inversion Symmetry in 2D Semiconductors by Built-In Electric Fields across the van der Waals Metal–Semiconductor Interface","authors":"Chuansheng Xia,Xinyu Yang,Qiannan Cui,Chaoyang Huang,Rui Wang,Yuanyuan Li,Xiaoxuan Wang,Bing Gu,Shuai Dong,Chunxiang Xu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c13154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c13154","url":null,"abstract":"As important building blocks of integrated optoelectronic chips, most multilayer and bulk 2D layered semiconductors undertake out-of-plane inversion symmetry, which limits their multifunctional applications. Here, we propose a facile interfacial engineering means of breaking such inversion symmetry by built-in electric fields across the semiconductor–metal van der Waals heterointerface. Broken inversion symmetry of 2H WS2 layers has been experimentally confirmed by strong second harmonic generation (SHG) in fabricated bulk WS2/Au heterostructures. Through correlated SHG, atomic force, and surface potential mapping measurements and density function theory simulation (DFT), we unambiguously confirm the proposed physical mechanism. These results provide more possibilities of utilizing a 2D semiconductor/metal heterostructure to construct multifunctional integrated optoelectronic chips.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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