An integrated appraisal of the hydrogeochemistry and the potential public health risks of groundwater nitrate and fluoride in eastern Ghana

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Groundwater for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101264
Johnbosco C. Egbueri , Mahamuda Abu , Johnson C. Agbasi
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Abstract

To understand groundwater pollution and its associated health hazards and to ensure the availability of a clean, safe, and sustainable water supply, comprehensive research plays a crucial role. This article presents an integrated investigation of groundwater conditions, hydrogeochemistry, and health implications arising from fluoride (F⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) contamination in eastern Ghana. Analysis of 107 samples revealed variable groundwater suitability for human consumption, as indicated by Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) values ranging from 0.11 to 1.19. The study highlights significant variations in health hazard risks due to F⁻ and NO₃⁻ exposure. Hazard indices (HIs) for nitrate ingestion range from 0.000 to 16.321, for fluoride ingestion from 0.000 to 17.426, and for the combined ingestion risks from 0.000 to 17.602. Dermal absorption risk for nitrate is minimal, with values between 0.000 and 0.049. Spatially distinct contamination and health risks were mapped using GIS, to pinpoint vulnerable localities in the study region. Hydrochemical investigations, confirmed by clustering and factor analyses, revealed that natural geological processes are the primary drivers of groundwater quality and mineralization, with limited anthropogenic impacts. Further, an artificial neural network model with an impressive R2 of 0.976 and low statistical errors demonstrated strong potential for accurate prediction of groundwater quality. The holistic study approach significantly advances groundwater research in the region, paving the way for effective resource management strategies by revealing areas of concern, understanding the contamination drivers, and predicting future water quality with high accuracy.

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加纳东部地下水硝酸盐和氟化物的水文地球化学及潜在公共健康风险综合评估
为了了解地下水污染及其对健康的危害,确保清洁、安全和可持续的供水,综合研究发挥着至关重要的作用。本文对加纳东部的地下水状况、水文地球化学以及氟化物(F-)和硝酸盐(NO₃-)污染对健康的影响进行了综合调查。对 107 个样本的分析表明,地下水的污染指数 (PIG) 值从 0.11 到 1.19 不等,表明地下水适合人类饮用的程度各不相同。该研究强调了因接触 F- 和 NO₃- 而导致的健康危害风险的显著差异。摄入硝酸盐的危害指数 (HI) 从 0.000 到 16.321 不等,摄入氟化物的危害指数从 0.000 到 17.426 不等,综合摄入风险的危害指数从 0.000 到 17.602 不等。硝酸盐的皮肤吸收风险很小,数值在 0.000 到 0.049 之间。利用地理信息系统(GIS)绘制了不同空间的污染和健康风险图,以确定研究区域内易受污染的地方。经聚类分析和因素分析确认的水化学调查显示,自然地质过程是地下水水质和矿化的主要驱动因素,人为影响有限。此外,人工神经网络模型的 R2 值高达 0.976,且统计误差较小,这表明该模型具有准确预测地下水水质的强大潜力。整体研究方法大大推进了该地区的地下水研究,通过揭示令人担忧的区域、了解污染驱动因素以及高精度预测未来水质,为有效的资源管理战略铺平了道路。
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来源期刊
Groundwater for Sustainable Development
Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
10.20%
发文量
152
期刊介绍: Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.
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