A case study on functional polymer modification of cacao husk for enhanced removal of nitrate and phosphate from vinasse waste

Q1 Environmental Science Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI:10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100814

Nur Aini , Aster Rahayu , Siti Jamilatun , Ilham Mufandi

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Abstract

Cacao husk (CH) is a waste product from Indonesian cacao cultivation and holds potential as an adsorbent. In this study CH was modified using 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (META) for removing nitrate and phosphate ions. The applicability of various adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), and Temkin) was explored, and the chemical structure changes were characterized. The results demonstrate that CH-T-META effectively adsorbs nitrates and phosphates from vinasse waste. The Langmuir isotherm model described the adsorption process excellently, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of O–H/N–H and CO bonds after vinasse adsorption, indicating potential interaction mechanisms. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed structural modifications on the CH-T-META surface. Furthermore, CH-T-META exhibited increased H, C, and N content compared to unmodified CH-T-META. Significantly, CH-T-META achieved a removal efficiency (Re) of approximately 93.4 % for nitrates and 96 % for phosphates. These findings strongly support the effectiveness of META modification in enhancing the adsorption capacity of CH for nitrate and phosphate removal from vinasse waste.

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关于对可可壳进行功能性聚合物改性以增强从蔗渣废料中去除硝酸盐和磷酸盐的案例研究

可可壳（CH）是印度尼西亚可可种植过程中产生的一种废弃物，具有作为吸附剂的潜力。本研究使用 2-[(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基]三甲基氯化铵（META）对可可壳进行改性，以去除硝酸盐和磷酸盐离子。研究探讨了各种吸附等温线模型（Langmuir、Freundlich、Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) 和 Temkin）的适用性，并对化学结构变化进行了表征。结果表明，CH-T-META 能有效吸附蔗渣废料中的硝酸盐和磷酸盐。Langmuir 等温线模型很好地描述了吸附过程，表明其为单层吸附。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明，在吸附蔗渣后存在 O-H/N-H 和 CO 键，这表明了潜在的相互作用机制。此外，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析证实了 CH-T-META 表面的结构变化。此外，与未改性的 CH-T-META 相比，CH-T-META 的 H、C 和 N 含量有所增加。值得注意的是，CH-T-META 对硝酸盐的去除率（Re）约为 93.4%，对磷酸盐的去除率（Re）约为 96%。这些发现有力地证明了 META 改性在提高 CH 从蔗渣废料中去除硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附能力方面的有效性。

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