Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering最新文献

Spices under the microscope: First detection and characterization of microplastics in turmeric, black pepper, and chili 显微镜下的香料：姜黄、黑胡椒和辣椒中微塑料的首次检测和表征

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101334

Faezeh Jahedi , Andrew Turner , Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as contaminants in various food products, including salt, tea, honey, rice, and seafood; however, data on their occurrence in commonly consumed spices remain scarce. In this study, the presence, abundance, morphology, and polymer composition of MPs were investigated in three widely used spices—turmeric, red pepper, and black pepper—purchased in bulk (loose) and packaged forms from markets in Ahvaz, southwestern Iran. A total of 30 samples (15 bulk and 15 packaged) were analyzed using chemical digestion and density separation, followed by stereomicroscopy and Raman spectroscopy under strict contamination control procedures, including procedural blanks and recovery validation. Method sensitivity and analytical uncertainty were addressed through procedural blanks, recovery validation, and conservative particle confirmation criteria. MPs were detected in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 500 to 1100 particles/kg. Bulk spices consistently exhibited higher MP loads than packaged products, suggesting handling and environmental exposure as important contamination pathways. Fibers (61.7 %) and fragments (35.6 %) were the dominant particle morphologies, while polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were the most frequently identified polymers. Most particles were smaller than 100 μm. Among the studied spices, red pepper showed the highest average MP concentration, followed by turmeric and black pepper. Based on typical consumption rates, the estimated annual intake of MPs from spices ranged from approximately 188 to 613 particles per person per year, which is substantially lower than reported intakes from foods such as bottled water or salt, but represents a chronic and recurrent dietary exposure. Although limited in sample size, this study provides the first quantitative evidence of MPs contamination in common spices from Iran and highlights spices as an underreported, chronic dietary source of MP exposure.

微塑料（MPs）越来越被认为是各种食品中的污染物，包括盐、茶、蜂蜜、大米和海鲜；然而，关于它们在常用香料中出现的数据仍然很少。在这项研究中，MPs的存在，丰度，形态和聚合物组成研究了三种广泛使用的香料-姜黄，红辣椒和黑胡椒-散装（散装）和包装形式从伊朗西南部的阿瓦士市场购买。在严格的污染控制程序（包括程序空白和回收率验证）下，采用化学消化和密度分离，然后进行立体显微镜和拉曼光谱分析共30个样品（15个散装和15个包装）。方法灵敏度和分析不确定度通过程序空白、回收率验证和保守颗粒确认标准来解决。所有样品中均检测到MPs，浓度范围为500 ~ 1100粒/kg。散装香料始终表现出比包装产品更高的MP负荷，表明处理和环境暴露是重要的污染途径。纤维（61.7%）和碎片（35.6%）是主要的颗粒形态，而聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚苯乙烯（PS）是最常见的聚合物。颗粒大都小于100 μm。在研究的香料中，红辣椒的平均MP浓度最高，其次是姜黄和黑胡椒。根据典型的消费率，估计每人每年从香料中摄入的多氯丁酸微粒约为188至613粒，这大大低于从瓶装水或盐等食物中报告的摄入量，但代表了慢性和经常性的饮食暴露。虽然样本数量有限，但本研究提供了伊朗常见香料中多磺酸盐污染的第一个定量证据，并强调香料是一种被低估的多磺酸盐暴露的慢性饮食来源。

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引用次数: 0

Yeast-fermented spirulina as a functional feed additive: Impacts on growth efficiency and gut microbial diversity in native Indonesian ducks 酵母发酵螺旋藻作为功能性饲料添加剂：对印尼本地鸭生长效率和肠道微生物多样性的影响

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101333

Amrih Prasetyo , Isyana Khaerunnisa , Fajrin Shidiq , Slamet Diah Volkandari , Aan Andri Yano , Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy , Nurul Pratiwi , Dwi Lestari , Wawan Kuswandi , Mifta Pratiwi Rachman , Lilis Hartati , Nanung Agus Fitriyanto , Chusnul Hanim , Bambang Haryanto , Sugiharto Sugiharto

The effects of supplementing with fermented spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on the small intestine microbiota of native Indonesian Magelang ducks were examined in this study. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of yeast-fermented Spirulina supplementation on the small intestinal microbiota of Indonesian Magelang ducks, while growth performance was assessed as a supporting parameter. The ducks were supplemented with 5 %, 10 %, or 15 % fermented spirulina, with a control group receiving no supplementation. The microbiome was described using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbiome analysis revealed that supplementation significantly altered the microbial community, particularly increasing the population of Cetobacterium somerae, a beneficial bacterium known for its antiviral properties.

本试验研究了在饲粮中添加发酵螺旋藻（Arthrospira platensis）对印尼麦哲郎野鸭小肠微生物群的影响。本研究的主要目的是评估添加不同水平的酵母发酵螺旋藻对印尼麦哲郎鸭小肠微生物群的影响，同时评估生长性能作为辅助参数。试验鸭分别添加5%、10%和15%发酵螺旋藻，对照组不添加发酵螺旋藻。微生物组采用16S rRNA基因测序进行描述。微生物组分析显示，补充剂显著改变了微生物群落，特别是增加了鲸杆菌（Cetobacterium somerae）的数量，这是一种以抗病毒特性而闻名的有益细菌。

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引用次数: 0

Microfluidic-assisted green synthesis of Calotropis procera-derived ZnO quantum dots and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal properties against plant pathogens 微流体辅助绿色合成牛角豆衍生氧化锌量子点及其对植物病原体的抗菌和抗真菌性能评价

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101330

Behnam Zanjani Nejad Fard , Fateme Aghamir , Ghasem Eghlima , Tayebeh Moradi Alvand , Zinab Moradi Alvand

This study compared ultrasonic- and microfluidic-assisted green synthesis of zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) using Calotropis procera leaf extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent. Both routes generated phase-pure wurtzite ZnO confirmed by XRD; the microfluidic route yielded sharper reflections and narrower size distribution, indicating higher crystallinity and monodispersity. TEM showed aggregated ultrasonic QDs (5–15 nm) versus uniform spherical ones under continuous flow. Optical analyses displayed size-dependent absorption near 398 nm (ultrasonic) and 392 nm (microfluidic) with luminescence peaks at 552–557 nm. EDX verified Zn–O bonding and minimal impurities. Antimicrobial tests revealed stronger activity for QDs than the plant extract, with MIC = 0.10 mg/mL for Ralstonia solanacearum and 0.40–0.80 mg/mL for Pseudomonas syringae. Incorporation into a microfluidic bio-platform enhanced efficacy by improving nanoparticle–cell contact and mixing, resulting in 1.4-fold higher nucleic-acid leakage and 25 % greater K⁺ efflux within 15 min. The QDs also inhibited Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium spp. and showed biosafety (LC₅₀ = 850 ± 21 μg/mL). Overall, the microfluidic method produced structurally uniform, pure, and bio-efficient ZnO QDs, establishing C. procera-derived QDs as sustainable, high-performance antimicrobial nanomaterials.

本研究比较了超声波和微流体辅助氧化锌量子点（ZnO QDs）的绿色合成，并以原花椒叶提取物为生物还原和稳定剂。经XRD证实，两种途径均能生成相纯纤锌矿ZnO；微流控路径反射更清晰，尺寸分布更窄，显示出更高的结晶度和单分散性。透射电镜显示，在连续流动条件下，超声量子点呈聚集状（5 ~ 15 nm），而非均匀球形。光学分析显示在398 nm（超声波）和392 nm（微流体）附近的吸收与尺寸有关，发光峰在552-557 nm。EDX验证了Zn-O键合和最小杂质。抑菌试验结果表明，该QDs的抑菌活性高于植物提取物，其MIC值分别为0.10 mg/mL和0.40 ~ 0.80 mg/mL。将纳米颗粒掺入微流控生物平台中，通过改善纳米颗粒与细胞的接触和混合，提高了功效，15分钟内核酸泄漏量增加了1.4倍，K+流出量增加了25%。QDs对灰霉菌和镰刀菌均有抑制作用，且具有一定的生物安全性（LC50 = 850±21 μg/mL）。总体而言，微流控方法制备了结构均匀、纯净、生物高效的ZnO量子点，建立了C. procera衍生的量子点作为可持续、高性能的抗菌纳米材料。

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引用次数: 0

Continuous-series microbial fuel cell for tofu liquid waste: effects of catholyte and inoculum 豆腐废液连续系列微生物燃料电池：阴极液和接种量的影响

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101331

Sri Rachmania Juliastuti, Michellia Pramoryza, Raden Darmawan

This study investigates a continuous-series microbial fuel cell (MFC) with 50 % recycle for simultaneous tofu wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. A five-stack horizontal reactor was operated with three substrate–inoculum configurations (substrate only; substrate + Sidoarjo mud; substrate + Sidoarjo mud + Bacillus subtilis) and oxidizing catholytes (K₂S₂O₈ and KMnO₄ at 10–50 mM). System performance was evaluated using high-frequency monitoring (voltage, current, pH, temperature) and conventional wastewater parameters (biochemical oxygen demand/BOD, chemical oxygen demand/COD, protein degradation). The mixed inoculum (mud + B. subtilis) combined with 50mM K₂S₂O₈ produced the best overall performance, achieving the highest organic removal (79.01 % BOD removal, 86.67 % COD removal, and 81.7 % protein degradation) and highest electricity generation (4.378mW/m² power density) in 15 Days. Extended operation (45 days) confirmed improved stability and sustained treatment efficiency over time (95.22 % BOD removal, 92.60 % COD removal, and 79.38 % protein degradation, 15.808 mW/m² total power density). The results demonstrate the potential of combining inoculum synergy, catholyte selection, and continuous-series reactor design to enhance the performance of MFCs for high-strength, protein-rich industrial wastewater.

研究了一种循环率为50%的连续串联微生物燃料电池（MFC），用于豆腐废水的同时处理和生物发电。五层卧式反应器采用三种基质-接种物配置（仅基质、基质+ Sidoarjo泥、基质+ Sidoarjo泥+枯草芽孢杆菌）和氧化阴极（K2S2O8和KMnO4，直径10-50 mM）。通过高频监测（电压、电流、pH、温度）和常规废水参数（生化需氧量/BOD、化学需氧量/COD、蛋白质降解）对系统性能进行评估。混合接种菌（泥+枯草芽孢杆菌）与50mM K2S2O8的综合性能最好，15 d内有机物去除率最高（BOD去除率79.01%，COD去除率86.67%，蛋白质降解率81.7%），发电量最高（功率密度4.378mW/m2）。延长运行时间（45天）证实了稳定性和持续处理效率的提高（BOD去除率95.22%，COD去除率92.60%，蛋白质去除率79.38%，总功率密度15.808 mW/m2）。结果表明，结合接种菌协同作用、阴极电解质选择和连续串联反应器设计，可以提高mfc处理高强度、富含蛋白质的工业废水的性能。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of the combined process of microfiltration and ozonation on the effluent quality of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater 微滤与臭氧氧化联合处理对家禽屠宰场废水出水水质的影响

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101332

Donny Yuslan Cortheo , Rita Purwasih , Budiyono Budiyono , Sutaryo Sutaryo

Poultry slaughterhouses (PSH) face serious challenges in wastewater treatment due to the high volume of wastewater and its pollutant content. This manuscript integrates a literature review with laboratory research to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the topic. Using bibliometric analysis to identify research gaps, the study then experimentally evaluated the system by investigating the synergistic effectiveness of an integrated microfiltration and ozonation system to optimize the quality of PSH wastewater effluent. All combination treatments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the pollution load compared to the control, except for the BOD value (p > 0.05). Optimal conditions achieved in the treatment A1B3 (20 μm filter + 15 g O₃ for 90 minutes) resulted in a 33.2 % reduction in COD (from 549.33 to 366.67 mg/L) and a 52 % reduction in TSS (from 337.33 to 162.00 mg/L). The smaller filter pore size increased filtration effectiveness and further enhanced the biodegradability of wastewater through partial oxidation. The integrated microfiltration and ozonation system demonstrated significant potential for improving the quality of PSH wastewater effluent. Furthermore, a preliminary techno-economic analysis reveals that the system is highly feasible for industrial-scale application (100 m³/day) with an estimated operational cost of USD 0.15/ m³, confirming its suitability for resource-limited settings.

家禽屠宰场的污水处理量大，污染物含量高，在污水处理方面面临严峻挑战。这份手稿整合了文献综述与实验室研究，以提供对该主题更全面的理解。利用文献计量学分析来确定研究空白，然后通过研究集成微滤和臭氧化系统在优化PSH废水出水质量方面的协同效果，对该系统进行了实验评估。除BOD值（p > 0.05）外，所有组合处理均显著降低了污染负荷（p < 0.05）。在A1B3处理中获得的最佳条件（20 μm过滤器+ 15 g O3, 90分钟）使COD降低33.2%（从549.33降至366.67 mg/L）， TSS降低52%（从337.33降至162.00 mg/L）。过滤器孔径越小，过滤效果越好，通过部分氧化进一步增强了废水的可生化性。微滤-臭氧氧化一体化系统在改善PSH废水出水质量方面具有显著的潜力。此外，初步的技术经济分析表明，该系统在工业规模应用（100立方米/天）中是高度可行的，估计运营成本为0.15美元/立方米，证实了它适合资源有限的环境。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the synergistic mechanism of magnesium hydroxide and silica in modulating polyethersulfone membrane structure and function 揭示了氢氧化镁和二氧化硅协同调节聚醚砜膜结构和功能的机理

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101328

Umi Fathanah , Abubakar Abubakar , Syawaliah Muchtar , Cut Meurah Rosnelly , Zuhra Zuhra , Mirna Rahmah Lubis , Sidik Marsudi

In this study, an environmentally benign dual-additive modification strategy was investigated by incorporating magnesium hydroxide and silica into PES membranes to simultaneously tailor surface chemistry and pore morphology during non-solvent-induced phase separation. Membranes were fabricated using a fixed Mg(OH)₂ content with varying silica concentrations and characterized by FESEM, ATR-FTIR, gravimetric porosity analysis, water contact angle measurements, and filtration performance testing, including pure-water flux, humic acid rejection, and flux recovery ratio. All modified membranes retained the asymmetric structure of pristine PES but developed thinner selective layers and more elongated finger-like macrovoids as silica content increased up to the optimum composition (M-MS2.5). At this condition, porosity increased to 67.73 %, the O–H absorption band became more pronounced, and the water contact angle decreased from ∼80° to 53.4° (≈33 % reduction), indicating enhanced interfacial hydrophilicity. These structural and chemical enhancements led to improved transport and fouling behavior, with water flux approaching ∼80 L m⁻² h⁻¹ and the flux recovery ratio increasing to 90.91 %. Although humic acid rejection decreased from 79.8 % (pristine) to 69.19 % at the optimum silica loading (2.5 %), it remained within a reasonable ultrafiltration performance range. At higher silica concentrations, however, particle agglomeration and localized structural densification were observed, resulting in increased contact angle, reduced flux, and partial recovery of rejection, indicating a limited compositional window for effective synergy between silica and Mg(OH)₂. Overall, the intermediate silica loading (2.5 wt%) provided the most favorable balance between permeability, antifouling stability, and rejection, suggesting strong potential for application in high-throughput treatment of NOM-rich waters.

在这项研究中，研究了一种环境友好的双添加剂改性策略，将氢氧化镁和二氧化硅掺入PES膜中，同时调整非溶剂诱导相分离过程中的表面化学和孔隙形态。采用固定的Mg(OH)2含量和不同的二氧化硅浓度制备膜，并通过FESEM、ATR-FTIR、重量孔隙度分析、水接触角测量和过滤性能测试（包括纯水通量、腐植酸截留率和通量回收率）进行表征。所有改性膜都保留了原始PES的不对称结构，但随着二氧化硅含量的增加（M-MS2.5），选择性层变薄，手指状巨孔变长。在此条件下，孔隙率增加到67.73%，O-H吸收带变得更加明显，水接触角从~ 80°减小到53.4°（≈33%），表明界面亲水性增强。这些结构和化学的增强导致了输运和污染行为的改善，水通量接近~ 80 L m−2 h−1，通量回收率提高到90.91%。虽然在最佳二氧化硅负载（2.5%）下，腐植酸截留率从79.8%（原始）下降到69.19%，但仍在合理的超滤性能范围内。然而，在较高的二氧化硅浓度下，观察到颗粒团聚和局部结构致密化，导致接触角增加，通量降低和部分排斥恢复，这表明二氧化硅和Mg(OH)2之间有效协同作用的成分窗口有限。总体而言，中间二氧化硅负载（2.5 wt%）在渗透性、防污稳定性和截留性之间提供了最有利的平衡，表明在高通量处理富氮氧化物水方面具有很大的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Phytoremediation of septic tank effluent using green roof systems planted with Vernonia elliptica and Campsis radicans 植物修复化粪池污水利用绿色屋顶系统种植的水龙花和坎普斯根

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101329

Cong-Sac Tran , Thi-Yen-Phuong Nguyen , Mai-Nhu Hoang , Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo , Phuoc-Dan Nguyen , Veeriah Jegatheesan , Van-Tung Tra , Xuan-Thanh Bui

Rapid urbanization has led to a reduction in green spaces and an increase in the discharge of untreated wastewater, posing significant environmental challenges. Green roof systems offer a sustainable solution by integrating vegetation into urban infrastructure to deliver ecological and wastewater treatment benefits. This study evaluated the performance of two ornamental climbers, Vernonia elliptica and Campsis radicans, in treating septic tank effluent under two hydraulic loading rates (16 and 50 L/m².d) in green roof systems. Both plant species demonstrated good adaptability and growth under effluent exposure. At a high hydraulic loading rate (50 L/m².d), green roofs planted with Campsis radicans achieved removal rates of 13.96 ± 2.14 gCOD/m².d for organic matter, 0.96 ± 0.24 gN/m².d for total nitrogen, and 0.02 ± 0.01 gP/m².d for total phosphorus. These values were nearly four times higher than those at the lower hydraulic loading rate (16 L/m².d). Vernonia elliptica showed slightly better pollutant removal efficiency compared to Campsis radicans and also provided a larger green coverage area (6 m²), enhancing the aesthetic and ecological value of the green roof. These findings highlight the dual functionality of green roofs as a decentralized wastewater treatment system and a contributor to urban greening.

快速城市化导致绿地面积减少，未经处理的废水排放量增加，对环境构成重大挑战。绿色屋顶系统通过将植被整合到城市基础设施中，提供可持续的解决方案，以实现生态和废水处理的效益。本研究评估了两种观赏攀缘植物，Vernonia elliptica和Campsis radicans在两种水力加载率（16和50 L/m2）下处理化粪池污水的性能。D)绿色屋顶系统。两种植物均表现出良好的污水处理适应性和生长能力。在高水力加载率(50升/平方米。d)种植绿草的绿化屋顶去除率为13.96±2.14 gCOD/m2。d为0.96±0.24 gN/m2。d为总氮，0.02±0.01 gP/m2。D表示总磷。这些数值几乎是较低水力加载速率（16 L/m2.d）时的4倍。与Campsis radicans相比，Vernonia elliptica的污染物去除效率略好，并且提供了更大的绿色覆盖面积（6 m2），增强了绿色屋顶的美学和生态价值。这些发现强调了绿色屋顶作为分散的污水处理系统和城市绿化的双重功能。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated electrochemical–biological treatment for efficient removal of metformin and its by-products: Optimization, mineralization, and toxicity assessment 高效去除二甲双胍及其副产物的综合电化学-生物处理：优化、矿化和毒性评估

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101322

Mohammad Mohammad Hosseini , Melika Solouki , Zahra Ghobadi-Nejad , Soheila Yaghmaei

Metformin is one of the most used pharmaceuticals, and its transformation products frequently appear in elevated concentrations within aquatic environments, where they may pose toxicity risks to non-target organisms. This study combines electrochemical and biological treatments to improve the removal of metformin and its associated by-products. The electrochemical process achieved 97.98 % removal within 60 min, and the treated effluent was subsequently introduced into a biological system to target remaining intermediates, including dimethyl formamide, which was reduced by up to 95 % within five days. Scavenger tests and photoluminescence analysis confirmed the central role of hydroxyl radicals in pollutant degradation. Enzyme activity measurements, including naphthalene dioxygenase and laccase, suggested their involvement in the biodegradation mechanism. Operational variables were optimized using Response Surface Methodology, and the energy consumption required for complete electrochemical decomposition of metformin was 1.33 kWh/m³. Following electrochemical treatment, TOC and COD removals were 48 % and 55 %, respectively, and these values increased to 90 % and 95 % after the combined process. Additional experiments assessed metformin removal in different water matrices and evaluated phytotoxicity to verify the effectiveness of the integrated system. Finally, the degradation pathway of metformin within the combined treatment system is presented in this integrated treatment study.

二甲双胍是最常用的药物之一，其转化产物经常在水生环境中出现浓度升高，可能对非目标生物构成毒性风险。本研究将电化学和生物处理相结合，以提高二甲双胍及其相关副产物的去除率。电化学过程在60分钟内实现了97.98%的去除率，随后将处理后的废水引入生物系统以瞄准剩余的中间体，包括二甲基甲酰胺，在5天内减少了高达95%。清道夫试验和光致发光分析证实了羟基自由基在污染物降解中的核心作用。酶活性测定，包括萘双加氧酶和漆酶，表明它们参与生物降解机制。采用响应面法对操作变量进行优化，得到电化学完全分解二甲双胍所需能耗为1.33 kWh/m3。经电化学处理后，TOC和COD去除率分别为48%和55%，经联合处理后，TOC和COD去除率分别为90%和95%。其他实验评估了二甲双胍在不同水基质中的去除率，并评估了植物毒性，以验证综合系统的有效性。最后，本综合处理研究给出了二甲双胍在联合处理系统内的降解途径。

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引用次数: 0

Design and process optimization of an integrated turbidity removal unit in a pilot-scale continuous-flow system using hybrid coagulants for decentralized water treatment 采用混合混凝剂进行分散式水处理的中试连续流系统综合除浊装置的设计和工艺优化

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101327

Jedsada Chuiprasert , Sutthichai Boonprasop , Krittawit Sopawanit , Tinn Intraluk , Natthapong Taithipmathukon , Thotsatham Takkawatakarn , Weerawut Chaiwat

This study investigates a compact pilot-scale continuous-flow system for turbidity removal from raw water, integrating chemical and hydrodynamic optimization. A horizontal sedimentation tank was designed and evaluated under varying conditions, including a hybrid inorganic-organic coagulant-flocculant system using polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM), coagulant dosages, influent flow rates, aeration, baffle number, and inclination angle. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to predict and optimize system performance. Optimization indicated that 45 ppm PAC and 2 ppm PAM achieved the highest turbidity removal efficiency of 94.3 % at a low flow rate of 0.5 L/min with aeration at 300 mL/min. At a moderate flow rate of 1.25 L/min, thirteen baffles set at a 75° inclination provided optimal hydraulic performance, yielding 85.3 % removal. Integration of a gravel-sand-anthracite filtration unit further increased removal to 98.3 %. RSM revealed significant interactions between influent flow rate and baffle configuration, enabling prediction and optimization of overall system performance. Mechanistic analysis illustrated floc formation behavior under different PAC and PAM dosages. By combining chemical optimization, hydraulic design, and multiple unit processes in a compact pilot-scale system, this study demonstrates an effective and adaptable approach for decentralized water treatment, suitable for rural, emergency, or resource-limited environments.

本研究研究了一种紧凑的中试规模连续流系统，用于从原水中去除浊度，集成了化学和流体动力学优化。设计了一个卧式沉淀池，并在不同的条件下进行了评估，包括使用聚合氯化铝（PAC）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的无机-有机混凝絮凝剂体系、混凝剂用量、进水流量、曝气量、挡板数和倾角。采用响应面法（RSM）对系统性能进行预测和优化。优化结果表明，45 ppm PAC和2 ppm PAM在低流量0.5 L/min、曝气300 mL/min条件下，浊度去除率最高，达到94.3%。当流速为1.25 L/min时，13个挡板倾角为75°，水力性能最佳，去除率为85.3%。砾石-砂-无烟煤过滤装置的集成进一步将去除率提高到98.3%。RSM揭示了进水流量和挡板配置之间的显著相互作用，从而能够预测和优化系统的整体性能。机理分析说明了不同PAC和PAM用量下絮凝体的形成行为。通过在一个紧凑的中试系统中结合化学优化、水力设计和多个单元过程，本研究展示了一种有效且适应性强的分散式水处理方法，适用于农村、紧急情况或资源有限的环境。

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引用次数: 0

High-performance magnetic COFs for synergistic adsorption–photocatalysis of thiamethoxam and acetamiprid in water 高性能磁性COFs在水中协同吸附-光催化噻虫嗪和啶虫脒

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101325

Shaikha S. AlNeyadi, Hamad K. Alblooshi, Muneb R. Mukhtar

The persistence of neonicotinoid insecticides such as thiamethoxam (THM) and acetamiprid (ACP) in aquatic systems poses significant ecological and health risks, necessitating effective remediation strategies. In this work, we report the synthesis of hydrophilic magnetic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) functionalized with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as integrated adsorbent–photocatalyst systems for simultaneous capture and degradation of THM and ACP. The COFs, engineered with nitrogen-rich, π-conjugated backbones, combine strong π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions with high surface area, crystallinity, and magnetic recoverability (confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, BET, and VSM analyses). Fe₃O₄@HMN-COF delivered exceptional adsorption performance, achieving maximum capacities of 520 mg g⁻¹ (THM) and 450 mg g⁻¹ (ACP), fitting a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir monolayer adsorption, with thermodynamic analysis indicating a spontaneous and endothermic process. Under optimized UV conditions (1:1 Fe₃O₄:COF ratio, 0.01 g catalyst, pH 11.0, 30 °C), Fe₃O₄@HMN-COF achieved 96.2 % degradation of THM and 95 % of ACP within 5 h, with complete mineralization confirmed by GC–MS and rate constants up to 0.198 h⁻¹—substantially outperforming conventional adsorbents and photocatalysts. The material retained >85 % of its performance over five regeneration cycles and maintained high activity in complex real matrices (honey, fruit extracts), underscoring its structural robustness and selectivity. These results position hydrophilic magnetic COFs as scalable, reusable, and high-efficiency platforms for the sustainable removal of neonicotinoid pesticides from contaminated water.

噻虫脒（THM）和啶虫脒（ACP）等新烟碱类杀虫剂在水生系统中的持久性造成了重大的生态和健康风险，需要有效的修复策略。在这项工作中，我们报道了用Fe3O4纳米粒子功能化的亲水磁性共价有机框架（COFs）的合成，作为同时捕获和降解THM和ACP的集成吸附剂-光催化剂体系。COFs采用富氮、π共轭骨架，结合了强π -π堆积、氢键和疏水相互作用，具有高表面积、结晶度和高磁可恢复性（经FT-IR、XRD、BET和VSM分析证实）。Fe3O4@HMN-COF提供了优异的吸附性能，达到了520 mg g - 1 （THM）和450 mg g - 1 （ACP）的最大容量，符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir单层吸附，热力学分析表明这是一个自发的吸热过程。在优化的紫外条件下（Fe3O4:COF比为1:1，催化剂为0.01 g， pH为11.0,30°C）， Fe3O4@HMN-COF在5 h内对THM的降解率为96.2%，对ACP的降解率为95%，GC-MS证实其矿化完全，速率常数高达0.198 h−1，大大优于传统的吸附剂和光催化剂。该材料在五个再生循环中保持了85%的性能，并在复杂的真实基质（蜂蜜，水果提取物）中保持了高活性，强调了其结构稳健性和选择性。这些结果将亲水磁性COFs定位为可扩展的、可重复使用的、高效的平台，用于从受污染的水中可持续去除新烟碱类农药。

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引用次数: 0