Prestige and dominance in egalitarian and hierarchical societies: Children in Finland favor prestige more than children in Colombia or the USA

IF 3 1区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.05.005
Maija-Eliina Sequeira , Narges Afshordi , Anni Kajanus
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Abstract

We examined how children reason about dominance and prestige in Colombia, Finland, and the USA, contexts that vary in terms of societal inequality and hierarchical organization. We tested 496 children aged 4–11 years old to determine whether they: i) recognized and discriminated between dominance and prestige, ii) preferred to learn from a dominant or prestigious character, iii) assigned leadership to a dominant or prestigious character, and iv) self-identified more with a dominant or subordinate character. Older children were more likely to recognize, prefer, learn from, and assign leadership to the prestigious character, and to identify with the subordinate. There were no cross-cultural differences in learning preferences, supporting evolutionary theories that posit a universal bias towards social learning from prestigious individuals. There was variation in leadership preferences; children were the most likely to assign leadership to a prestigious character in more egalitarian Finland, and least likely in more unequal Colombia. We argue that societal factors including levels of inequality and hierarchical social organization shape an underlying propensity for children to learn to reason about rank and to broadly favor prestige in leaders and models for learning from.

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平等社会和等级社会中的声望和支配地位:芬兰儿童比哥伦比亚或美国儿童更喜欢威望
我们研究了哥伦比亚、芬兰和美国儿童如何推理支配地位和威望,这些国家的社会不平等和等级组织各不相同。我们对 496 名 4-11 岁的儿童进行了测试,以确定他们是否:i) 认识并区分支配地位和威望;ii) 喜欢向支配地位或威望高的角色学习;iii) 将领导权赋予支配地位或威望高的角色;以及 iv) 更认同支配地位或从属地位的角色。年龄较大的儿童更有可能认识到、更喜欢、更愿意向有威望的角色学习,并将领导权分配给有威望的角色,也更有可能认同从属角色。在学习偏好方面没有跨文化差异,这支持了进化论的观点,即人们普遍倾向于向有威望的人学习社会知识。在领导力偏好方面存在差异;在较为平等的芬兰,儿童最有可能将领导力赋予有威望的人物,而在较为不平等的哥伦比亚,儿童最不可能将领导力赋予有威望的人物。我们认为,包括不平等程度和等级社会组织在内的社会因素形成了一种潜在的倾向,即儿童学会推理等级,并普遍倾向于选择有威望的领导者和学习榜样。
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来源期刊
Evolution and Human Behavior
Evolution and Human Behavior 生物-行为科学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
9.80%
发文量
62
审稿时长
82 days
期刊介绍: Evolution and Human Behavior is an interdisciplinary journal, presenting research reports and theory in which evolutionary perspectives are brought to bear on the study of human behavior. It is primarily a scientific journal, but submissions from scholars in the humanities are also encouraged. Papers reporting on theoretical and empirical work on other species will be welcome if their relevance to the human animal is apparent.
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