Characterization and utilization of algal and wheat husk biochar as biofertilizers for sustainable soil amelioration

Abstract

This study focus on managing agricultural crop residue and algae into soil amelioration. The wheat-husk and algal biochar studied to improve soil physico-chemical properties and their impact on Vigna radiata (Moong) and Pennisetum glaucum (Bajra). Biochar used at various proportions of 4-12 % at an interval of 8, 16 and 24 days. Algal biochar, at a concentration of 12 %, results in shoot lengths of 25.53 cm for Moong and 16.75 cm for Bajra, whereas, wheat husk biochar for the same concentration results in shoot length of 9.52 cm for Moong and 6.95 cm for Bajra after a 24-day growth period. The root and shoot length observed more in wheat husk whereas the algal biochar showed the more plant yield enhancement and degree of induction in both the crops. The algal biomass showed more biochar production efficiency and the proximate and ultimate characterization after adding biochar and increase in soil pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon in Moong. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction studied for both before and after biochar addition. Overall, the addition of both biochar has contributed significantly in improving soil health.