Effect of 2-butanone addition to ethylene fuel on soot formation in counterflow diffusion flames using newly proposed soot model

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Combustion and Flame Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113572

Subrat Garnayak, Hrishikesh Gadgil, Sudarshan Kumar

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Abstract

An improved consistent soot model is proposed and applied to evaluate the effect of 2-butanone addition (10 % to 50 % on a volume basis represented as case 1 to case 5) to ethylene fuel on soot formation using a counterflow burner configuration. The predictive capability of the suggested soot model is verified by assessing its performance against existing experimental data on soot formation (SF) configuration-type ethylene counterflow flames at diverse strain rates and various fuel additives. The proposed soot model comprises 55 inception reactions with temperature-dependent collision efficiency and 10 condensation reactions from 10 PAH species (from naphthalene to larger PAHs up to coronene), including modified HACA surface growth and oxidation reactions. 2-butanone is produced as a byproduct during the pyrolysis of biomass and the microbiological fermentation of agricultural waste. It holds various benefits as a prospective biofuel for spark ignition (SI) engines. Limited information exists regarding its sooting characteristics due to a lack of available soot measurements. The simulations are conducted for the soot formation (SF) type counterflow flames with a fixed fuel and oxidizer jet velocity. The proposed soot model can effectively replicate both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the experimental trends and shows a better agreement than the existing models available in the literature. The soot volume fraction (SVF) and the particle number density (PND) decrease with increasing the 2-butanone concentration in the binary fuel mixture. The PAH concentration decreases with increasing 2-butanone addition in the fuel mixture. The peak SVF and the maximum temperature are reduced by ∼22.7 % and ∼3.6 %, with a 40 % increase in the 2-butanone portion in the fuel mixture from case 1 to case 5. Increasing the 2-butanone content in the fuel mixture decreases the inception rate, HACA rate, and condensation rate while it increases the oxidation rate.

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利用新提出的烟尘模型，在乙烯燃料中添加 2-丁酮对逆流扩散火焰中烟尘形成的影响

本文提出了一种改进的一致烟尘模型，并将其应用于评估使用逆流燃烧器配置的乙烯燃料中添加 2-丁酮（体积百分比为 10% 至 50%，分别代表情况 1 至情况 5）对烟尘形成的影响。通过评估建议烟尘模型在不同应变率和各种燃料添加剂条件下的性能，并根据现有的烟尘形成（SF）配置型乙烯逆流火焰实验数据，验证了该模型的预测能力。所提出的烟尘模型包括 55 个起始反应（碰撞效率随温度变化）和 10 种多环芳烃（从萘到较大的多环芳烃直至冠烯）的 10 个缩合反应，其中包括改进的 HACA 表面生长和氧化反应。2-butanone 是生物质热解和农业废弃物微生物发酵过程中产生的副产品。作为一种可用于火花点火（SI）发动机的生物燃料，它具有多种优点。由于缺乏烟尘测量数据，有关其烟尘特性的信息非常有限。我们对固定燃料和氧化剂喷射速度的烟尘形成（SF）型逆流火焰进行了模拟。所提出的烟尘模型能有效复制实验趋势的定性和定量方面，与文献中现有的模型相比显示出更好的一致性。烟尘体积分数（SVF）和颗粒数密度（PND）随着二元燃料混合物中 2-丁酮浓度的增加而降低。多环芳烃浓度随着燃料混合物中 2-丁酮添加量的增加而降低。从情况 1 到情况 5，随着燃料混合物中 2-丁酮含量增加 40%，峰值 SVF 和最高温度分别降低了 22.7% 和 3.6%。增加燃料混合物中的 2-丁酮含量会降低萌发率、HACA 率和冷凝率，同时增加氧化率。

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来源期刊

Combustion and Flame 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

20.50%

发文量

631

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the journal is to publish high quality work from experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations on the fundamentals of combustion phenomena and closely allied matters. While submissions in all pertinent areas are welcomed, past and recent focus of the journal has been on: Development and validation of reaction kinetics, reduction of reaction mechanisms and modeling of combustion systems, including: Conventional, alternative and surrogate fuels; Pollutants; Particulate and aerosol formation and abatement; Heterogeneous processes. Experimental, theoretical, and computational studies of laminar and turbulent combustion phenomena, including: Premixed and non-premixed flames; Ignition and extinction phenomena; Flame propagation; Flame structure; Instabilities and swirl; Flame spread; Multi-phase reactants. Advances in diagnostic and computational methods in combustion, including: Measurement and simulation of scalar and vector properties; Novel techniques; State-of-the art applications. Fundamental investigations of combustion technologies and systems, including: Internal combustion engines; Gas turbines; Small- and large-scale stationary combustion and power generation; Catalytic combustion; Combustion synthesis; Combustion under extreme conditions; New concepts.