{"title":"Enhancing longevity: Sustainable channel modeling for wireless-powered implantable BANs","authors":"Sameeksha Chaudhary , Anirudh Agarwal , Deepak Mishra , Santosh Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103584","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wireless body area network (WBAN) has revolutionized the healthcare sector by enabling remote monitoring and control of wearable and implantable devices, providing freedom of mobility to patients. However, wireless channel modeling in BAN is a crucial aspect for designing an efficient off-body, on-body and in-body communication. Due to the unique characteristics of the human body, it aims to characterize the signal propagation through skin, tissues, internal organs and biological fluids of a patient’s body. Moreover, it is important to enhance the battery life of the low-powered devices for a sustainable BAN. In this work, we provide a hybrid communication channel model for wireless power transfer in a BAN including both off-body and in-body communication channels. An indoor room scenario is considered in which a movable patient having an implant inside its body is present along with an RF power source (for example, a Wi-Fi access point) situated in a ceiling corner. Implant is assumed to inhibit energy harvesting capability. For practicability, we have considered the effect of path loss, partition walls, floor attenuation factor along with other important body parameters. Specifically, we aim to statistically characterize this hybrid communication system, for which unique closed-form expressions of the probability distribution functions of the received power have been derived, thereby first calculating the instantaneous power at different layers of human body and then obtaining the closed-form expression for average received power. All the derived mathematical expressions have been verified via numerical simulations. Further, for elongating the lifespan of implants, we investigated the average power harvested by an implant and its power outage probability for analyzing the sustainability of implants. The results are numerically validated, considering different types of indoor room scenarios, in addition to providing key design insights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 103584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ad Hoc Networks","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570870524001951","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Wireless body area network (WBAN) has revolutionized the healthcare sector by enabling remote monitoring and control of wearable and implantable devices, providing freedom of mobility to patients. However, wireless channel modeling in BAN is a crucial aspect for designing an efficient off-body, on-body and in-body communication. Due to the unique characteristics of the human body, it aims to characterize the signal propagation through skin, tissues, internal organs and biological fluids of a patient’s body. Moreover, it is important to enhance the battery life of the low-powered devices for a sustainable BAN. In this work, we provide a hybrid communication channel model for wireless power transfer in a BAN including both off-body and in-body communication channels. An indoor room scenario is considered in which a movable patient having an implant inside its body is present along with an RF power source (for example, a Wi-Fi access point) situated in a ceiling corner. Implant is assumed to inhibit energy harvesting capability. For practicability, we have considered the effect of path loss, partition walls, floor attenuation factor along with other important body parameters. Specifically, we aim to statistically characterize this hybrid communication system, for which unique closed-form expressions of the probability distribution functions of the received power have been derived, thereby first calculating the instantaneous power at different layers of human body and then obtaining the closed-form expression for average received power. All the derived mathematical expressions have been verified via numerical simulations. Further, for elongating the lifespan of implants, we investigated the average power harvested by an implant and its power outage probability for analyzing the sustainability of implants. The results are numerically validated, considering different types of indoor room scenarios, in addition to providing key design insights.
无线体域网（WBAN）实现了对可穿戴和植入式设备的远程监测和控制，为患者提供了移动自由，从而给医疗保健领域带来了革命性的变化。然而，无线体域网中的无线信道建模是设计高效的体外、体内和体内通信的关键环节。由于人体的独特特性，其目的是描述信号通过患者身体的皮肤、组织、内脏和生物液体传播的特征。此外，提高低功率设备的电池寿命对于实现可持续的 BAN 也很重要。在这项工作中，我们为 BAN 中的无线电力传输提供了一种混合通信信道模型，包括体外和体内通信信道。我们考虑了一个室内房间场景，在这个场景中，一个体内植入了植入物的可移动病人和一个位于天花板角落的射频电源（例如 Wi-Fi 接入点）同时存在。假定植入物会抑制能量收集能力。为了切实可行，我们考虑了路径损耗、隔墙、地板衰减系数以及其他重要人体参数的影响。具体来说，我们旨在从统计学角度描述这种混合通信系统，并为此推导出接收功率概率分布函数的独特闭式表达式，从而首先计算人体不同层的瞬时功率，然后获得平均接收功率的闭式表达式。所有推导出的数学表达式都已通过数值模拟得到验证。此外，为了延长植入物的使用寿命，我们还研究了植入物的平均接收功率及其断电概率，以分析植入物的可持续性。考虑到不同类型的室内空间场景，我们对结果进行了数值验证，并提供了关键的设计见解。
期刊介绍：
The Ad Hoc Networks is an international and archival journal providing a publication vehicle for complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in ad hoc and sensor networking areas. The Ad Hoc Networks considers original, high quality and unpublished contributions addressing all aspects of ad hoc and sensor networks. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to:
Mobile and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Sensor Networks
Wireless Local and Personal Area Networks
Home Networks
Ad Hoc Networks of Autonomous Intelligent Systems
Novel Architectures for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Self-organizing Network Architectures and Protocols
Transport Layer Protocols
Routing protocols (unicast, multicast, geocast, etc.)
Media Access Control Techniques
Error Control Schemes
Power-Aware, Low-Power and Energy-Efficient Designs
Synchronization and Scheduling Issues
Mobility Management
Mobility-Tolerant Communication Protocols
Location Tracking and Location-based Services
Resource and Information Management
Security and Fault-Tolerance Issues
Hardware and Software Platforms, Systems, and Testbeds
Experimental and Prototype Results
Quality-of-Service Issues
Cross-Layer Interactions
Scalability Issues
Performance Analysis and Simulation of Protocols.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
分享
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
扫码关注我们
