Ad Hoc Networks最新文献

A hyper-heuristic optimization multi-task allocation in mobile crowdsensing based on inherent attributes 基于固有属性的移动众测超启发式优化多任务分配

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103717

Heng Cao, Yantao Yu, Guojin Liu, Yucheng Wu

Task allocation is a critical issue in mobile crowdsensing (MCS) that significantly impacts the overall sensing quality of the system. However, previous research has often focused on improving sensing quality through single indicators such as user coverage or user reliability, neglecting the inherent attributes of users and tasks as well as the variability in user abilities. This oversight can lead to unreliable sensing abilities among recruited users, thereby affecting the system’s overall sensing quality. In this paper, we first analyze the intrinsic attributes of users and tasks and propose an aggregative indicator and user enhancement model for better assessment and description of user sensing abilities. To improve the system’s overall sensing quality, the task allocation problem is modeled as a multi-constraint single-objective optimization problem. To address this problem, a Simulated Annealing-based Random Selection Hyper-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm (SARSHHOA) has been developed. This algorithm begins by generating an initial allocation scheme using a greedy approach, then applies randomly selected search operators to various allocation schemes and utilizes simulated annealing to selectively accept solutions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed aggregative indicator and task allocation algorithm is validated through simulation experiments on real datasets.

任务分配是移动群感（MCS）中的一个关键问题，对系统的整体感知质量有重大影响。然而，以往的研究往往侧重于通过用户覆盖率或用户可靠性等单一指标来提高感知质量，而忽视了用户和任务的固有属性以及用户能力的差异性。这种疏忽可能会导致招募用户的感知能力不可靠，从而影响系统的整体感知质量。本文首先分析了用户和任务的内在属性，并提出了一种聚合指标和用户增强模型，以更好地评估和描述用户的感知能力。为了提高系统的整体感知质量，任务分配问题被建模为一个多约束单目标优化问题。为解决这一问题，我们开发了一种基于模拟退火的随机选择超优化算法（SARSHHOA）。该算法首先使用贪婪方法生成初始分配方案，然后将随机选择的搜索算子应用于各种分配方案，并利用模拟退火选择性地接受解决方案。最后，通过在真实数据集上进行模拟实验，验证了所提出的聚合指标和任务分配算法的有效性。

{"title":"A hyper-heuristic optimization multi-task allocation in mobile crowdsensing based on inherent attributes","authors":"Heng Cao, Yantao Yu, Guojin Liu, Yucheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Task allocation is a critical issue in mobile crowdsensing (MCS) that significantly impacts the overall sensing quality of the system. However, previous research has often focused on improving sensing quality through single indicators such as user coverage or user reliability, neglecting the inherent attributes of users and tasks as well as the variability in user abilities. This oversight can lead to unreliable sensing abilities among recruited users, thereby affecting the system’s overall sensing quality. In this paper, we first analyze the intrinsic attributes of users and tasks and propose an aggregative indicator and user enhancement model for better assessment and description of user sensing abilities. To improve the system’s overall sensing quality, the task allocation problem is modeled as a multi-constraint single-objective optimization problem. To address this problem, a Simulated Annealing-based Random Selection Hyper-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm (SARSHHOA) has been developed. This algorithm begins by generating an initial allocation scheme using a greedy approach, then applies randomly selected search operators to various allocation schemes and utilizes simulated annealing to selectively accept solutions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed aggregative indicator and task allocation algorithm is validated through simulation experiments on real datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A self-contained emulator for the forensic examination of IoE scenarios 一个独立的模拟器，用于IoE场景的取证检查

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103718

Sergio Ruiz-Villafranca , Juan Manuel Castelo Gómez , Javier Carrillo-Mondéjar , José Roldán-Gómez , José Luis Martínez Martínez

With the number of cyber incidents on the Internet of Everything (IoE) increasing every year, so does the amount of forensic investigations that are carried out in this environment. As the research community is avidly working on the development of solutions that can assist in the examination process, it is crucial to, firstly, have access to a resource that can facilitate the process of learning the characteristics of these investigations, and, secondly, to have a testbed that allows evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of new solutions. Likewise, from an educational standpoint, having access to assets that allow interacting with these devices in a simple and efficient way can lead to learners getting a better understanding of the forensic characteristics and requirements of this environment. In view of this, a self-contained emulator for the forensic examination of these scenarios is presented in this article that mirrors their static and dynamic by emulating both the firmware of the devices that comprise them and the multiple network protocols used in them. Additionally, the emulator offers the capability to deploy digital twins within IoE scenarios, enhancing its utility for cybersecurity forensic investigations and training sets. To demonstrate its feasibility and convenience, two case studies are presented that emulate different IoE forensic contexts, showing that the proposal is capable of emulating their static and dynamic behaviour, and that it can be used to perform different forensic tasks.

随着万物互联（IoE）网络事件的数量逐年增加，在这种环境下开展的取证调查数量也在增加。由于研究界正在热衷于开发可协助检查过程的解决方案，因此，首先必须能够访问可促进学习这些调查特征的资源，其次必须拥有一个可评估新解决方案有效性和可行性的测试平台。同样，从教育的角度来看，如果能够获得一些资产，以简单有效的方式与这些设备进行交互，就能使学习者更好地了解这种环境的法医特征和要求。有鉴于此，本文介绍了一个用于对这些场景进行取证检查的独立模拟器，它通过模拟组成这些场景的设备固件和其中使用的多种网络协议，反映了这些场景的静态和动态。此外，该仿真器还能在物联网场景中部署数字孪生体，从而提高其在网络安全取证调查和培训中的实用性。为了证明其可行性和便利性，我们介绍了两个模拟不同物联网取证环境的案例研究，表明该提案能够模拟它们的静态和动态行为，并可用于执行不同的取证任务。

{"title":"A self-contained emulator for the forensic examination of IoE scenarios","authors":"Sergio Ruiz-Villafranca , Juan Manuel Castelo Gómez , Javier Carrillo-Mondéjar , José Roldán-Gómez , José Luis Martínez Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the number of cyber incidents on the Internet of Everything (IoE) increasing every year, so does the amount of forensic investigations that are carried out in this environment. As the research community is avidly working on the development of solutions that can assist in the examination process, it is crucial to, firstly, have access to a resource that can facilitate the process of learning the characteristics of these investigations, and, secondly, to have a testbed that allows evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of new solutions. Likewise, from an educational standpoint, having access to assets that allow interacting with these devices in a simple and efficient way can lead to learners getting a better understanding of the forensic characteristics and requirements of this environment. In view of this, a self-contained emulator for the forensic examination of these scenarios is presented in this article that mirrors their static and dynamic by emulating both the firmware of the devices that comprise them and the multiple network protocols used in them. Additionally, the emulator offers the capability to deploy digital twins within IoE scenarios, enhancing its utility for cybersecurity forensic investigations and training sets. To demonstrate its feasibility and convenience, two case studies are presented that emulate different IoE forensic contexts, showing that the proposal is capable of emulating their static and dynamic behaviour, and that it can be used to perform different forensic tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation for Q-learning based anycast routing protocol in unmanned aerial vehicle networks with multiple base stations 无人机多基站网络中基于q学习的任播路由协议性能评价

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103719

Yuhong Xiang, Shuai Gao, Hongchao Wang, Dong Yang, Yuming Zhang, Hongke Zhang

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks can be used for data transmission in emergency scenarios, relaying data from ground users to base stations (BSs). While UAV networks collaborating with multi-BSs can significantly enhance performance, existing UAV routing protocols predominantly focus on unicast routing and often neglect critical aspects such as base station discovery. In addition, the high mobility of UAVs and rapid changes in network topology also pose great challenges for existing multi-BS routing protocols to maintain efficient data transmission. Aiming at the above problems, this paper abstracts the routing of multi-base station UAV networks as anycast routing for dynamic networks and proposes a distributed anycast routing protocol called QARP to improve the data transmission performance. In QARP, base stations can be discovered automatically and parameters of Q-learning are dynamically adjusted to improve the efficiency of data transmission. The Link Duration Estimation is used to influence routing decision and dynamically adjust the hello message interval. A multiple base stations transmission value function is designed to indicate the performance of data transmission and is used to calculate the reward and update Q-table. The experimental results show that the QARP proposed in this paper outperforms existing multi-BS routing and Q-learning based routing protocols in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput in single base station and multiple base stations scenarios.

无人机（UAV）网络可用于紧急情况下的数据传输，将地面用户的数据中继到基站（BSs）。虽然无人机网络与多基站协作可以显著提高性能，但现有的无人机路由协议主要侧重于单播路由，并且经常忽略关键方面，例如基站发现。此外，无人机的高移动性和网络拓扑结构的快速变化也对现有多bs路由协议保持高效数据传输提出了巨大挑战。针对上述问题，本文将多基站无人机网络的路由抽象为动态网络的任播路由，并提出了一种分布式任播路由协议QARP，以提高数据传输性能。在QARP中，可以自动发现基站，并动态调整q学习参数，提高数据传输效率。链路持续时间估计用于影响路由决策和动态调整hello消息间隔。设计了一个多基站传输值函数来表示数据传输的性能，并用于计算奖励和更新q表。实验结果表明，本文提出的QARP在单基站和多基站场景下，在时延、分组传输率和吞吐量方面都优于现有的多bs路由和基于q学习的路由协议。

{"title":"Performance evaluation for Q-learning based anycast routing protocol in unmanned aerial vehicle networks with multiple base stations","authors":"Yuhong Xiang, Shuai Gao, Hongchao Wang, Dong Yang, Yuming Zhang, Hongke Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks can be used for data transmission in emergency scenarios, relaying data from ground users to base stations (BSs). While UAV networks collaborating with multi-BSs can significantly enhance performance, existing UAV routing protocols predominantly focus on unicast routing and often neglect critical aspects such as base station discovery. In addition, the high mobility of UAVs and rapid changes in network topology also pose great challenges for existing multi-BS routing protocols to maintain efficient data transmission. Aiming at the above problems, this paper abstracts the routing of multi-base station UAV networks as anycast routing for dynamic networks and proposes a distributed anycast routing protocol called QARP to improve the data transmission performance. In QARP, base stations can be discovered automatically and parameters of Q-learning are dynamically adjusted to improve the efficiency of data transmission. The Link Duration Estimation is used to influence routing decision and dynamically adjust the hello message interval. A multiple base stations transmission value function is designed to indicate the performance of data transmission and is used to calculate the reward and update Q-table. The experimental results show that the QARP proposed in this paper outperforms existing multi-BS routing and Q-learning based routing protocols in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput in single base station and multiple base stations scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reliable and cost-efficient session provisioning in CRNs using spectrum sensing as a service 利用频谱感知即服务在 CRN 中提供可靠且经济高效的会话服务

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103716

Hisham M. Almasaeid

With the advancement of wireless communication technologies, and the growing number of wireless and IoT applications that demand various types and volumes of data, Sensing as a Service (SaaS) has emerged as a necessary enabling business model for many of those applications. Spectrum Sensing as a Service (SSaaS) has also emerged as a form of SaaS that is concerned with the monitoring of wireless spectrum to facilitate its safe reuse by cognitive radio-enabled wireless users. SSaaS was primarily motivated by the need for a low-cost, accurate, and reliable spectrum sensing service to support a plethora of heterogeneous wireless devices and applications. Under the SSaaS model, clients need to pay the service provider for the sensing service they receive. In this paper, we address the problem of allocating spectrum channels to links of a given communication session in a cognitive radio network (CRN) that utilizes SSaaS. The objective is to allocate channels such that the worst link availability among the session is maximized and the spectrum access cost is minimized. A number of multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithms (MOEAs) were used to solve this multi-objective optimization problem. Extensive experimentation was conducted to compare between these algorithms and identify the best ones to use. We also propose a post-processing greedy algorithm to further enhance the solution obtained by a MOEA algorithm. Results show that an improvement of up to 20% can be achieved using the proposed greedy algorithm under some network settings.

随着无线通信技术的发展，以及需要各种类型和数量数据的无线和物联网应用日益增多，传感即服务（SaaS）已成为许多此类应用所必需的支持性商业模式。频谱感知即服务（SSaaS）作为一种 SaaS 形式也已出现，它涉及对无线频谱的监测，以促进具有认知无线电功能的无线用户对频谱的安全再利用。SSaaS 的主要动机是需要一种低成本、准确可靠的频谱感知服务来支持大量异构无线设备和应用。在 SSaaS 模式下，客户需要为所获得的传感服务向服务提供商付费。在本文中，我们将讨论在使用 SSaaS 的认知无线电网络（CRN）中为给定通信会话的链路分配频谱信道的问题。其目标是分配信道，使会话中最差链路可用性最大化，频谱接入成本最小化。许多多目标进化优化算法（MOEAs）被用来解决这个多目标优化问题。我们进行了广泛的实验，对这些算法进行了比较，并确定了最佳算法。我们还提出了一种后处理贪婪算法，以进一步增强 MOEA 算法获得的解决方案。结果表明，在某些网络设置下，使用所提出的贪婪算法可实现高达 20% 的改进。

{"title":"Reliable and cost-efficient session provisioning in CRNs using spectrum sensing as a service","authors":"Hisham M. Almasaeid","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of wireless communication technologies, and the growing number of wireless and IoT applications that demand various types and volumes of data, Sensing as a Service (SaaS) has emerged as a necessary enabling business model for many of those applications. Spectrum Sensing as a Service (SSaaS) has also emerged as a form of SaaS that is concerned with the monitoring of wireless spectrum to facilitate its safe reuse by cognitive radio-enabled wireless users. SSaaS was primarily motivated by the need for a low-cost, accurate, and reliable spectrum sensing service to support a plethora of heterogeneous wireless devices and applications. Under the SSaaS model, clients need to pay the service provider for the sensing service they receive. In this paper, we address the problem of allocating spectrum channels to links of a given communication session in a cognitive radio network (CRN) that utilizes SSaaS. The objective is to allocate channels such that the worst link availability among the session is maximized and the spectrum access cost is minimized. A number of multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithms (MOEAs) were used to solve this multi-objective optimization problem. Extensive experimentation was conducted to compare between these algorithms and identify the best ones to use. We also propose a post-processing greedy algorithm to further enhance the solution obtained by a MOEA algorithm. Results show that an improvement of up to 20% can be achieved using the proposed greedy algorithm under some network settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the computational costs of an evolutionary fuzzy rule-based internet-of-things energy management approach 基于进化模糊规则的物联网能源管理方法的计算成本分析

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103715

M. Mikus , Ja. Konecny , P. Krömer , K. Bancik , Ji. Konecny , J. Choutka , M. Prauzek

This study presents an in-depth analysis of the computational costs associated with the application of an Evolutionary Fuzzy Rule-based (EFR) energy management system for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In energy-harvesting IoT nodes, energy management is critical for sustaining long-term operation. The proposed EFR approach integrates fuzzy logic and genetic programming to autonomously control energy consumption based on available resources. The study evaluates the system’s computational performance, particularly focusing on processing time, RAM and flash memory usage across various hardware configurations. Different compiler optimization levels and floating-point unit (FPU) settings were also explored, comparing standard and pre-compiled algorithms. The results reveal computational times ranging from 2.43 to 5.23 ms, RAM usage peaking at 6.23 kB, and flash memory consumption between 19 kB and 32 kB. A significant reduction in computational overhead is achieved with optimized compiler settings and hardware FPU, highlighting the feasibility of deploying EFR-based energy management systems in low-power, resource-constrained IoT environments. The findings demonstrate the trade-offs between computational efficiency and energy management, with particular benefits observed in scenarios requiring real-time control in remote and energy-limited environments.

本研究深入分析了与物联网（IoT）设备应用基于进化模糊规则（EFR）的能源管理系统相关的计算成本。在能量收集型物联网节点中，能量管理对于维持长期运行至关重要。所提出的 EFR 方法集成了模糊逻辑和遗传编程，可根据可用资源自主控制能源消耗。本研究评估了系统的计算性能，尤其关注不同硬件配置下的处理时间、RAM 和闪存使用情况。研究还探讨了不同的编译器优化级别和浮点运算单元（FPU）设置，并对标准算法和预编译算法进行了比较。结果显示，计算时间在 2.43 至 5.23 ms 之间，RAM 使用量峰值为 6.23 kB，闪存消耗量在 19 kB 至 32 kB 之间。通过优化编译器设置和硬件 FPU，计算开销大幅减少，这凸显了在低功耗、资源受限的物联网环境中部署基于 EFR 的能源管理系统的可行性。研究结果表明了计算效率和能源管理之间的权衡，在需要在远程和能源受限环境中进行实时控制的场景中尤其明显。

{"title":"Analysis of the computational costs of an evolutionary fuzzy rule-based internet-of-things energy management approach","authors":"M. Mikus , Ja. Konecny , P. Krömer , K. Bancik , Ji. Konecny , J. Choutka , M. Prauzek","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an in-depth analysis of the computational costs associated with the application of an Evolutionary Fuzzy Rule-based (EFR) energy management system for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In energy-harvesting IoT nodes, energy management is critical for sustaining long-term operation. The proposed EFR approach integrates fuzzy logic and genetic programming to autonomously control energy consumption based on available resources. The study evaluates the system’s computational performance, particularly focusing on processing time, RAM and flash memory usage across various hardware configurations. Different compiler optimization levels and floating-point unit (FPU) settings were also explored, comparing standard and pre-compiled algorithms. The results reveal computational times ranging from 2.43 to 5.23 ms, RAM usage peaking at 6.23 kB, and flash memory consumption between 19 kB and 32 kB. A significant reduction in computational overhead is achieved with optimized compiler settings and hardware FPU, highlighting the feasibility of deploying EFR-based energy management systems in low-power, resource-constrained IoT environments. The findings demonstrate the trade-offs between computational efficiency and energy management, with particular benefits observed in scenarios requiring real-time control in remote and energy-limited environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient slicing scheme and cache optimization strategy for structured dependent tasks in intelligent transportation scenarios 智能交通场景中结构化依赖任务的高效分片方案和缓存优化策略

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103699

Zhu Sifeng , Song Zhaowei , Zhu Hai , Qiao Rui

The challenges posed by structured large-scale tasks to resource-sensitive intelligent transportation systems have been acknowledged, particularly regarding the need to reduce delay and energy consumption during the caching and offloading processes. To address these challenges and improve the quality of service for vehicular users, a cloud–edge-end collaboration caching strategy (CACCSC) based on structured task content awareness was proposed in this paper. The dependencies among task fragments were modeled through fuzzy judgment criteria. In addition, a system delay model, an energy consumption model, and an edge server load balancing model were developed, along with a multi-objective optimization model that integrates system delay, energy consumption, and edge server load balancing variance. To solve this multi-objective optimization problem, an adaptive multi-objective optimization algorithm (MDE-NSGA-III) was developed, which combines an enhanced version of the Differential Evolution algorithm with improvements to the NSGA-III algorithm. Finally, it has been demonstrated through simulation experiments that when the number of users in the system reaches 35, the system delay, energy consumption, and load balancing variance of the MDE-NSGA-III optimization scheme proposed in this paper are 6.1%, 6.6%, and 25% lower than those of the NSGA-III scheme, 15.8%, 10%, and 41.7% lower than those of the NSGA-II scheme, and 62.7%, 20.7%, and 8.3% lower than those of the PeEA scheme.

结构化大规模任务给资源敏感型智能交通系统带来的挑战已得到认可，尤其是在缓存和卸载过程中减少延迟和能耗的需求。为了应对这些挑战并提高车辆用户的服务质量，本文提出了一种基于结构化任务内容感知的云边端协作缓存策略（CACCSC）。通过模糊判断标准对任务片段之间的依赖关系进行建模。此外，还建立了系统延迟模型、能耗模型和边缘服务器负载平衡模型，以及综合系统延迟、能耗和边缘服务器负载平衡方差的多目标优化模型。为了解决这个多目标优化问题，开发了一种自适应多目标优化算法（MDE-NSGA-III），它结合了差分进化算法的增强版和对 NSGA-III 算法的改进。最后，通过仿真实验证明，当系统用户数量达到 35 个时，本文提出的 MDE-NSGA-III 优化方案的系统延迟、能耗和负载平衡方差分别比 NSGA-III 方案低 6.1%、6.6% 和 25%，比 NSGA-II 方案低 15.8%、10% 和 41.7%，比 PeEA 方案低 62.7%、20.7% 和 8.3%。

{"title":"Efficient slicing scheme and cache optimization strategy for structured dependent tasks in intelligent transportation scenarios","authors":"Zhu Sifeng , Song Zhaowei , Zhu Hai , Qiao Rui","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The challenges posed by structured large-scale tasks to resource-sensitive intelligent transportation systems have been acknowledged, particularly regarding the need to reduce delay and energy consumption during the caching and offloading processes. To address these challenges and improve the quality of service for vehicular users, a cloud–edge-end collaboration caching strategy (CACCSC) based on structured task content awareness was proposed in this paper. The dependencies among task fragments were modeled through fuzzy judgment criteria. In addition, a system delay model, an energy consumption model, and an edge server load balancing model were developed, along with a multi-objective optimization model that integrates system delay, energy consumption, and edge server load balancing variance. To solve this multi-objective optimization problem, an adaptive multi-objective optimization algorithm (MDE-NSGA-III) was developed, which combines an enhanced version of the Differential Evolution algorithm with improvements to the NSGA-III algorithm. Finally, it has been demonstrated through simulation experiments that when the number of users in the system reaches 35, the system delay, energy consumption, and load balancing variance of the MDE-NSGA-III optimization scheme proposed in this paper are 6.1%, 6.6%, and 25% lower than those of the NSGA-III scheme, 15.8%, 10%, and 41.7% lower than those of the NSGA-II scheme, and 62.7%, 20.7%, and 8.3% lower than those of the PeEA scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of urban environments on FANET communication: A comparative study of propagation models 城市环境对FANET传播的影响：传播模型的比较研究

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103695

Henok Gashaw , Jamie Wubben , Carlos T. Calafate , Fabrizio Granelli

The steady rise in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is leading to the development of an ever-growing number of applications. In urban settings, efforts like the U-Space initiative in Europe are striving to standardize and regulate the operations of UAVs. To support these applications and further UAV research, it is essential to thoroughly understand UAV communication, both among and between UAVs. Nonetheless, we have identified a lack of studies on communication models, especially in urban areas where obstacles like tall buildings can disrupt communication. This study offers a comprehensive review of current measurement campaigns on channel models for aerial communication. In addition, we conducted experiments on (i) the separation distance between two UAVs, (ii) Multi-UAV communication and (iii) Multi-UAV to ground communication using three different city profiles in Spain (Valencia, Barcelona, and Madrid). To accomplish this, we utilized an advanced co-simulation framework that accurately models both UAV mobility (Ardusim) and communication (OMNeT++). Our results regarding UAV-to-UAV communication in a city environment indicate that: (i) the communication range, in our specific experiments, is limited to around 400 meters. Afterward, the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) declines significantly. (ii) Different communication models yield similar results. (iii) UAV-to-UAV communication becomes feasible at higher altitudes (e.g., 120 m), particularly in the presence of tall buildings. With respect to the Multi-UAV to ground communications, we can conclude that again, the altitude of the UAVs is paramount. Furthermore, increasing the number of UAVs providing service to the ground does increase the PDR, but only ever so slightly.

无人驾驶飞行器（uav）使用的稳步增长正在导致越来越多的应用程序的发展。在城市环境中，欧洲的U-Space倡议等努力正在努力使无人机的操作标准化和规范化。为了支持这些应用和进一步的无人机研究，必须彻底了解无人机之间和无人机之间的通信。尽管如此，我们发现缺乏关于交流模式的研究，特别是在城市地区，像高层建筑这样的障碍会干扰交流。本研究对当前航空通信信道模型的测量活动进行了全面的回顾。此外，我们在(i)两架无人机之间的分离距离，（ii）多无人机通信和（iii）多无人机对地面通信使用西班牙的三个不同的城市轮廓（瓦伦西亚，巴塞罗那和马德里）进行了实验。为了实现这一目标，我们利用了一个先进的联合仿真框架，精确地模拟了无人机的机动性（Ardusim）和通信（omnet++）。我们关于城市环境中无人机对无人机通信的结果表明：(i)在我们的具体实验中，通信范围被限制在400米左右。之后，PDR （Packet Delivery Ratio）显著下降。不同的传播模式产生相似的结果。（iii）无人机对无人机通信在更高高度（例如，120米）变得可行，特别是在高层建筑存在的情况下。关于多无人机对地面通信，我们可以再次得出结论，无人机的高度是至关重要的。此外，增加为地面提供服务的无人机数量确实会增加PDR，但只是一点点。

{"title":"Impact of urban environments on FANET communication: A comparative study of propagation models","authors":"Henok Gashaw , Jamie Wubben , Carlos T. Calafate , Fabrizio Granelli","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steady rise in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is leading to the development of an ever-growing number of applications. In urban settings, efforts like the U-Space initiative in Europe are striving to standardize and regulate the operations of UAVs. To support these applications and further UAV research, it is essential to thoroughly understand UAV communication, both among and between UAVs. Nonetheless, we have identified a lack of studies on communication models, especially in urban areas where obstacles like tall buildings can disrupt communication. This study offers a comprehensive review of current measurement campaigns on channel models for aerial communication. In addition, we conducted experiments on (i) the separation distance between two UAVs, (ii) Multi-UAV communication and (iii) Multi-UAV to ground communication using three different city profiles in Spain (Valencia, Barcelona, and Madrid). To accomplish this, we utilized an advanced co-simulation framework that accurately models both UAV mobility (Ardusim) and communication (OMNeT++). Our results regarding UAV-to-UAV communication in a city environment indicate that: (i) the communication range, in our specific experiments, is limited to around 400 meters. Afterward, the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) declines significantly. (ii) Different communication models yield similar results. (iii) UAV-to-UAV communication becomes feasible at higher altitudes (e.g., 120 m), particularly in the presence of tall buildings. With respect to the Multi-UAV to ground communications, we can conclude that again, the altitude of the UAVs is paramount. Furthermore, increasing the number of UAVs providing service to the ground does increase the PDR, but only ever so slightly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A survey on massive IoT for water distribution systems: Challenges, simulation tools, and guidelines for large-scale deployment 配水系统大规模物联网调查：大规模部署的挑战、模拟工具和指南

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103714

Antonino Pagano , Domenico Garlisi , Ilenia Tinnirello , Fabrizio Giuliano , Giovanni Garbo , Mariana Falco , Francesca Cuomo

This survey explores the convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with Water Distribution Systems (WDSs), focusing on large-scale deployments and the role of edge computing (EC). Effective water management increasingly relies on IoT monitoring, resulting in massive deployments and the generation of Big Data. While previous research has examined these topics individually, this work integrates them into a comprehensive analysis. We systematically reviewed 255 studies on IoT in WDS, identifying key challenges such as interoperability, scalability, energy efficiency, network coverage, and reliability. We also examined technologies like LPWAN and the growing use of EC for real-time data processing. In large-scale WDS scenarios, where vast amounts of data are generated, we highlighted the importance of technologies like NB-IoT, SigFox, and LoRaWAN due to their low power consumption and wide coverage. Based on our findings, we provide guidelines for sustainable, large-scale IoT deployment in WDS, emphasizing the need for edge data processing to reduce cloud dependency, improve scalability, and enable smarter cities and digital twins.

本调查探讨了物联网（IoT）技术与配水系统（WDS）的融合，重点关注大规模部署和边缘计算（EC）的作用。有效的水管理越来越依赖于物联网监控，这导致了大规模部署和大数据的产生。以往的研究对这些主题进行了单独研究，而本研究则将其整合为一项综合分析。我们系统回顾了 255 项有关 WDS 物联网的研究，确定了互操作性、可扩展性、能效、网络覆盖和可靠性等关键挑战。我们还研究了 LPWAN 等技术，以及在实时数据处理中越来越多地使用 EC 的情况。在产生大量数据的大规模 WDS 场景中，我们强调了 NB-IoT、SigFox 和 LoRaWAN 等技术的重要性，因为这些技术功耗低、覆盖范围广。基于我们的研究结果，我们为 WDS 中可持续的大规模物联网部署提供了指导，强调了边缘数据处理的必要性，以减少对云的依赖、提高可扩展性，并实现更智能的城市和数字双胞胎。

{"title":"A survey on massive IoT for water distribution systems: Challenges, simulation tools, and guidelines for large-scale deployment","authors":"Antonino Pagano , Domenico Garlisi , Ilenia Tinnirello , Fabrizio Giuliano , Giovanni Garbo , Mariana Falco , Francesca Cuomo","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This survey explores the convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with Water Distribution Systems (WDSs), focusing on large-scale deployments and the role of edge computing (EC). Effective water management increasingly relies on IoT monitoring, resulting in massive deployments and the generation of Big Data. While previous research has examined these topics individually, this work integrates them into a comprehensive analysis. We systematically reviewed 255 studies on IoT in WDS, identifying key challenges such as interoperability, scalability, energy efficiency, network coverage, and reliability. We also examined technologies like LPWAN and the growing use of EC for real-time data processing. In large-scale WDS scenarios, where vast amounts of data are generated, we highlighted the importance of technologies like NB-IoT, SigFox, and LoRaWAN due to their low power consumption and wide coverage. Based on our findings, we provide guidelines for sustainable, large-scale IoT deployment in WDS, emphasizing the need for edge data processing to reduce cloud dependency, improve scalability, and enable smarter cities and digital twins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RIS-assisted D2D communication in the presence of interference: Outage performance analysis and DNN-based prediction 存在干扰时的 RIS 辅助 D2D 通信：中断性能分析和基于 DNN 的预测

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103703

Hamid Amiriara , Farid Ashtiani , Mahtab Mirmohseni , Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari , Behrouz Maham

This paper analyzes the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, focusing on addressing co-channel interference, a prevalent issue due to the frequency reuse of sidelink in the underlay in-band D2D communications. In contrast to previous studies that either neglect interference or consider it only at the user, our research investigates a performance analysis in terms of outage probability (OP) for RIS-assisted D2D communication systems considering the presence of interference at both the user and the RIS. More specifically, we introduce a novel integral-form expression for an exact analysis of OP. Additionally, we present a new accurate approximation expression for OP, using the gamma distributions to approximate the fading of both desired and interference links, thereby yielding a closed-form expression. Nevertheless, both derived expressions, i.e., the exact integral-form and the approximate closed-form, contain special functions, such as Meijer’s G-function and the parabolic cylinder function, which complicate real-time OP analysis. To circumvent this, we employ a deep neural network (DNN) for real-time OP prediction, trained with data generated by the exact expression. Moreover, we present a tight upper bound that quantifies the impact of interference on achievable diversity order and coding gain. We validate the derived expressions through Monte Carlo simulations. Our analysis reveals that while interference does not affect the system’s diversity order, it significantly degrades the performance by reducing the coding gain. The results further demonstrate that increasing the number of RIS’s reflecting elements is an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of the interference on the system performance.

本文分析了可重构智能表面（RIS）辅助设备对设备（D2D）通信系统的性能，重点是解决同信道干扰问题，这是由于带内 D2D 底层通信中侧向链路的频率重用而普遍存在的问题。以往的研究要么忽略了干扰，要么只考虑了用户的干扰，与此不同的是，我们的研究从中断概率 (OP) 的角度对 RIS 辅助 D2D 通信系统进行了性能分析，同时考虑了用户和 RIS 存在的干扰。更具体地说，我们引入了一种新的积分形式表达式，用于对 OP 进行精确分析。此外，我们还提出了一种新的 OP 精确近似表达式，利用伽马分布来近似期望链路和干扰链路的衰减，从而得出闭式表达式。然而，这两种推导表达式，即精确积分形式和近似闭合形式，都包含一些特殊函数，如 Meijer 的 G 函数和抛物线圆柱体函数，这使得实时 OP 分析变得复杂。为了避免这种情况，我们采用了一种深度神经网络（DNN）来进行实时 OP 预测，该网络由精确表达式生成的数据训练而成。此外，我们还提出了一个严密的上限，可量化干扰对可实现的分集阶和编码增益的影响。我们通过蒙特卡罗模拟验证了推导出的表达式。我们的分析表明，虽然干扰不会影响系统的分集顺序，但会通过降低编码增益而显著降低性能。结果进一步证明，增加 RIS 反射元件的数量是减轻干扰对系统性能不利影响的有效策略。

{"title":"RIS-assisted D2D communication in the presence of interference: Outage performance analysis and DNN-based prediction","authors":"Hamid Amiriara , Farid Ashtiani , Mahtab Mirmohseni , Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari , Behrouz Maham","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, focusing on addressing co-channel interference, a prevalent issue due to the frequency reuse of sidelink in the underlay in-band D2D communications. In contrast to previous studies that either neglect interference or consider it only at the user, our research investigates a performance analysis in terms of outage probability (OP) for RIS-assisted D2D communication systems considering the presence of interference at both the user and the RIS. More specifically, we introduce a novel integral-form expression for an exact analysis of OP. Additionally, we present a new accurate approximation expression for OP, using the gamma distributions to approximate the fading of both desired and interference links, thereby yielding a closed-form expression. Nevertheless, both derived expressions, i.e., the exact integral-form and the approximate closed-form, contain special functions, such as Meijer’s G-function and the parabolic cylinder function, which complicate real-time OP analysis. To circumvent this, we employ a deep neural network (DNN) for real-time OP prediction, trained with data generated by the exact expression. Moreover, we present a tight upper bound that quantifies the impact of interference on achievable diversity order and coding gain. We validate the derived expressions through Monte Carlo simulations. Our analysis reveals that while interference does not affect the system’s diversity order, it significantly degrades the performance by reducing the coding gain. The results further demonstrate that increasing the number of RIS’s reflecting elements is an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of the interference on the system performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 103703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age and energy aware data collection scheme for urban flood monitoring in UAV-assisted Wireless Sensor Networks 无人机辅助无线传感器网络中城市洪水监测的年龄和能量感知数据收集方案

IF 4.4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103704

Mekala Ratna Raju , Sai Krishna Mothku , Manoj Kumar Somesula , Srilatha Chebrolu

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become pivotal in numerous applications, including environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and disaster response. In the context of urban flood monitoring, utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) presents unique challenges due to the dynamic and unpredictable nature of the environment. The primary challenges involve designing strategies that maximize data collection while minimizing the Age of Information (AoI) to ensure timely and accurate decision-making. Efficient data collection is crucial to capturing all relevant information and providing a comprehensive understanding of flood dynamics. Simultaneously, reducing AoI is essential, as outdated data can lead to delayed or incorrect responses, potentially worsening the situation. Addressing these challenges is critical for the effective use of WSNs in urban flood monitoring. Initially, we formulate the problem as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. Further, it is solved using a Lagrangian-based branch and bound technique by converting it into an unconstrained problem. Then, for large-scale WSN, we propose a hybrid optimization technique which combines a genetic algorithm with a particle swarm optimization technique to simultaneously maximize the data collection and reduce the AoI of the collected data with the constraint of energy consumption of the UAVs. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing approaches in terms of both data collection and AoI.

无线传感器网络（WSN）在环境监测、精准农业和灾难响应等众多应用中已变得举足轻重。在城市洪水监测方面，由于环境的动态性和不可预测性，使用无人飞行器（UAV）面临着独特的挑战。主要挑战包括设计既能最大限度地收集数据，又能最小化信息时代（AoI）的策略，以确保及时、准确地做出决策。高效的数据收集对于获取所有相关信息和全面了解洪水动态至关重要。同时，降低信息年龄也至关重要，因为过时的数据会导致延迟或错误的响应，从而可能使情况恶化。应对这些挑战对于在城市洪水监测中有效利用 WSN 至关重要。最初，我们将问题表述为混合整数非线性编程（MINLP）问题。然后，使用基于拉格朗日的分支和约束技术，将其转换为无约束问题，从而解决该问题。然后，针对大规模 WSN，我们提出了一种混合优化技术，该技术结合了遗传算法和粒子群优化技术，在无人机能耗的约束下，同时最大化数据采集和降低采集数据的 AoI。仿真结果表明，我们提出的算法在数据收集和 AoI 方面都优于现有方法。

{"title":"Age and energy aware data collection scheme for urban flood monitoring in UAV-assisted Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Mekala Ratna Raju , Sai Krishna Mothku , Manoj Kumar Somesula , Srilatha Chebrolu","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become pivotal in numerous applications, including environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and disaster response. In the context of urban flood monitoring, utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) presents unique challenges due to the dynamic and unpredictable nature of the environment. The primary challenges involve designing strategies that maximize data collection while minimizing the Age of Information (AoI) to ensure timely and accurate decision-making. Efficient data collection is crucial to capturing all relevant information and providing a comprehensive understanding of flood dynamics. Simultaneously, reducing AoI is essential, as outdated data can lead to delayed or incorrect responses, potentially worsening the situation. Addressing these challenges is critical for the effective use of WSNs in urban flood monitoring. Initially, we formulate the problem as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. Further, it is solved using a Lagrangian-based branch and bound technique by converting it into an unconstrained problem. Then, for large-scale WSN, we propose a hybrid optimization technique which combines a genetic algorithm with a particle swarm optimization technique to simultaneously maximize the data collection and reduce the AoI of the collected data with the constraint of energy consumption of the UAVs. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing approaches in terms of both data collection and AoI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0