The renaissance of germanium

IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Surface Science Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI:10.1016/j.susc.2024.122543
Harold J.W. Zandvliet
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Abstract

The great moment of fame for germanium was in December 1947. In that year the first transistor was made by a research team of Bell Laboratories. Owing to some problems with germanium, it was soon supplanted by silicon. Currently, germanium is still used in the microelectronic industry for opto-electronic and solar electric applications, but its role is very minor compared to its big brother silicon. After the rise of graphene, germanium received renewed interest because of the predicted stability of the graphene-like allotrope of germanium. Germanene, the germanium analogue of graphene, shares many properties with graphene, but there are also a few interesting differences that makes this material very appealing for device applications. In this contribution, I will give a brief historical overview of germanene, discuss the pros and cons of germanene and elaborate on its potential for future device applications.

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锗的复兴
1947年12月,锗技术一举成名。这一年,贝尔实验室的一个研究小组制造出了第一个晶体管。由于锗存在一些问题,它很快被硅取代。目前,微电子行业仍将锗用于光电子和太阳能发电应用,但与它的老大哥硅相比,锗的作用微乎其微。石墨烯兴起后,锗再次受到人们的关注,因为人们预测锗的类石墨烯同素异形体具有稳定性。锗烯是石墨烯的锗类似物,与石墨烯具有许多相同的特性,但也有一些有趣的区别,这使得这种材料在设备应用中非常有吸引力。在本文中,我将简要介绍锗烯的历史,讨论锗烯的优缺点,并阐述其在未来器件应用中的潜力。
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来源期刊
Surface Science
Surface Science 化学-物理:凝聚态物理
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
137
审稿时长
25 days
期刊介绍: Surface Science is devoted to elucidating the fundamental aspects of chemistry and physics occurring at a wide range of surfaces and interfaces and to disseminating this knowledge fast. The journal welcomes a broad spectrum of topics, including but not limited to: • model systems (e.g. in Ultra High Vacuum) under well-controlled reactive conditions • nanoscale science and engineering, including manipulation of matter at the atomic/molecular scale and assembly phenomena • reactivity of surfaces as related to various applied areas including heterogeneous catalysis, chemistry at electrified interfaces, and semiconductors functionalization • phenomena at interfaces relevant to energy storage and conversion, and fuels production and utilization • surface reactivity for environmental protection and pollution remediation • interactions at surfaces of soft matter, including polymers and biomaterials. Both experimental and theoretical work, including modeling, is within the scope of the journal. Work published in Surface Science reaches a wide readership, from chemistry and physics to biology and materials science and engineering, providing an excellent forum for cross-fertilization of ideas and broad dissemination of scientific discoveries.
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