Is There Uniformity in the Diagnosis of Learning Disability Globally?

IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Indian journal of public health Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-29 DOI:10.4103/ijph.ijph_1274_23
Ashima Nehra, Ruchita Hazrati, Rhythm Makkar, Rajesh Hassija, Sanyam Bhardwaj, Apoorva Panshikar
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Abstract

Learning disabilities (LDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental deficits that negatively affect the acquisition, organization, retention, comprehension, or application of age appropriate knowledge. Persons with LD lead a subsidized quality of life, especially in academic/vocational and psychosocial domains. A certificate issued by the medical boards at a state or district level is required to avail benefits such as scribes or relaxations. This may be done through a series of assessments by psychologists, special educators, or other health-care professionals. The authors aim to understand if uniformity exists in the assessment methods used for the diagnosis of LD globally and to prepare a gap analysis for the same. A systematic review was performed on English literature articles published from January 2005 to August 2023. Full-text studies reporting assessment and diagnostic methods of LD were included. A total of 1246 records were identified through a manual search of an electronic database. Seven duplicates were removed and 1174 studies were excluded based on the relevance by screening titles, abstracts, and full texts. Sixty-five studies were included and analyzed. The authors found a lack of uniformity in this diagnostic protocol, leading to uncertainty in disability certification, doctor shopping, and additional stress for the patients, as well as added burden on the government. Identification of LD requires a multistep assessment process with culturally relevant tools and norms and the participation of a multidisciplinary team of experts.

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全球对学习障碍的诊断是否统一?
学习障碍(LDs)是一组神经发育缺陷,对适龄知识的获取、组织、保持、理解或应用产生负面影响。学习障碍者的生活质量受到影响,尤其是在学业/职业和社会心理方面。要享受文员或放宽条件等福利,需要州或地区一级医疗委员会出具的证明。这可以通过心理学家、特殊教育工作者或其他医疗保健专业人员的一系列评估来完成。作者旨在了解全球范围内用于诊断 LD 的评估方法是否统一,并准备进行差距分析。作者对 2005 年 1 月至 2023 年 8 月期间发表的英文文献进行了系统性回顾。其中包括报告 LD 评估和诊断方法的全文研究。通过人工搜索电子数据库,共找到 1246 条记录。通过筛选标题、摘要和全文,删除了 7 篇重复的研究,并根据相关性排除了 1174 篇研究。共纳入 65 项研究并进行了分析。作者发现这种诊断方案缺乏统一性,导致残疾认证的不确定性、看病难、患者压力增大以及政府负担加重。鉴别 LD 需要一个多步骤的评估过程,使用与文化相关的工具和规范,并需要多学科专家团队的参与。
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来源期刊
Indian journal of public health
Indian journal of public health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
92
审稿时长
21 weeks
期刊介绍: Indian Journal of Public Health is a peer-reviewed international journal published Quarterly by the Indian Public Health Association. It is indexed / abstracted by the major international indexing systems like Index Medicus/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PUBMED, etc. The journal allows free access (Open Access) to its contents and permits authors to self-archive final accepted version of the articles. The Indian Journal of Public Health publishes articles of authors from India and abroad with special emphasis on original research findings that are relevant for developing country perspectives including India. The journal considers publication of articles as original article, review article, special article, brief research article, CME / Education forum, commentary, letters to editor, case series reports, etc. The journal covers population based studies, impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, systematic review, meta-analysis, clinic-social studies etc., related to any domain and discipline of public health, specially relevant to national priorities, including ethical and social issues. Articles aligned with national health issues and policy implications are prefered.
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