Mechanisms of action of microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-09-26 Epub Date: 2024-07-03 DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00205-22
Charles P Gerba, Stephanie Boone, Raymond W Nims, Jean-Yves Maillard, Syed A Sattar, Joseph R Rubino, Julie McKinney, M Khalid Ijaz
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Abstract

SUMMARYUnderstanding how commonly used chemical microbicides affect pathogenic microorganisms is important for formulation of microbicides. This review focuses on the mechanism(s) of action of chemical microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control. Contrary to the typical site-specific mode of action of antibiotics, microbicides often act via multiple targets, causing rapid and irreversible damage to microbes. In the case of viruses, the envelope or protein capsid is usually the primary structural target, resulting in loss of envelope integrity or denaturation of proteins in the capsid, causing loss of the receptor-binding domain for host cell receptors, and/or breakdown of other viral proteins or nucleic acids. However, for certain virucidal microbicides, the nucleic acid may be a significant site of action. The region of primary damage to the protein or nucleic acid is site-specific and may vary with the virus type. Due to their greater complexity and metabolism, bacteria and fungi offer more targets. The rapid and irreversible damage to microbes may result from solubilization of lipid components and denaturation of enzymes involved in the transport of nutrients. Formulation of microbicidal actives that attack multiple sites on microbes, or control of the pH, addition of preservatives or potentiators, and so on, can increase the spectrum of action against pathogens and reduce both the concentrations and times needed to achieve microbicidal activity against the target pathogens.

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预防和控制感染常用杀微生物剂的作用机制。
摘要 了解常用化学杀微生物剂如何影响病原微生物对于杀微生物剂的配制非常重要。本综述重点介绍常用于预防和控制感染的化学杀微生物剂的作用机制。与抗生素典型的特定部位作用模式不同,杀微生物剂通常通过多个靶点发挥作用,对微生物造成快速和不可逆的破坏。就病毒而言,包膜或蛋白囊通常是主要的结构目标,导致包膜完整性丧失或蛋白囊中的蛋白质变性,使宿主细胞受体的受体结合域丧失,和/或其他病毒蛋白或核酸分解。不过,对于某些杀病毒剂来说,核酸可能是一个重要的作用部位。对蛋白质或核酸造成主要破坏的区域是特定部位,可能因病毒类型而异。由于细菌和真菌的复杂性和新陈代谢更强,因此它们的目标更多。脂质成分的溶解和参与养分运输的酶的变性可能会对微生物造成快速和不可逆的破坏。配制可攻击微生物多个部位的杀微生物活性物质,或控制 pH 值、添加防腐剂或增效剂等,可增加对病原体的作用范围,并减少对目标病原体产生杀微生物活性所需的浓度和时间。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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