Comparison of Timing Measurement Methods of Dual-Ended Readout Scintillator Array PET Detectors

IF 4.6 Q1 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI:10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3382990
Ming Niu;Zhonghua Kuang;Xiaohui Wang;Ning Ren;Ziru Sang;Tao Sun;Zheng Liu;Zhanli Hu;Zheng Gu;Yongfeng Yang
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Abstract

The main focus of this work is to compare different timing measurement methods of individual silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays and dual-ended readout PET detectors. Two lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal arrays with $3.10\times 3.10\times 20$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ crystals, enhanced specular reflector (ESR), and barium sulfate (BaSO4) reflector and one LYSO crystal array with $1.88\times 1.88\times 20$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ crystals and $\rm BaSO_{4}$ reflector with dual-ended read out by $8\times 8$ SiPM arrays of $3\times 3$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{2}$ active pixel area were measured. Signals of the SiPM arrays were processed individually using 64 channel PETsys TOFPET2 application specific integrated circuits designed for time-of-flight PET applications. For the SiPM arrays, an energy square-weighted average timing method using the timings of the fastest 2 SiPM pixels was found to provide the best-coincidence timing resolutions (CTRs). For the dual-ended readout detectors, the method of using the energy-weighted average timings of the two SiPM arrays provided the best CTR of 234 ps for the detector using $3.10\times 3.10\times 20$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ crystals and ESR reflector, 239 ps for the detector using $3.10\times 3.10\times 20$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ crystals and $\rm BaSO_{4}$ reflector, and 275 ps for the detector using $1.88\times 1.88\times 20$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ crystals and $\rm BaSO_{4}$ reflector for an energy window of 410–610 keV. The dual-ended readout detectors developed in this work provide better CTRs than those of single-ended readout detectors and a high-3-D position resolution which can be used in the future to develop whole-body PET scanners to simultaneously achieve uniform high-spatial resolution, high sensitivity and high-timing resolution.
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双端读出闪烁体阵列 PET 探测器定时测量方法的比较
这项工作的重点是比较单个硅光电倍增管(SiPM)阵列和双端读出 PET 探测器的不同定时测量方法。两个镥钇氧正硅酸盐(LYSO)晶体阵列(3.10/times 3.10/times 20$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ 晶体、增强镜面反射器(ESR)和硫酸钡(BaSO4)反射器)和一个 LYSO 晶体阵列(1.88times 1.88times 20$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ 晶体和 $\rm BaSO_{4}$ 反射器,并通过 8times 8$ SiPM 阵列(3$\times 3$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{2}$ 有效像素面积)进行双端读出测量。使用专为飞行时间 PET 应用设计的 64 通道 PETsys TOFPET2 专用集成电路对 SiPM 阵列的信号进行了单独处理。对于 SiPM 阵列,使用最快的 2 个 SiPM 像素定时的能量平方加权平均定时方法可提供最佳的重合定时分辨率 (CTR)。对于双端读出探测器,使用两个 SiPM 阵列的能量加权平均定时方法为使用 3.10/times 3.10/times 20$ -${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ 晶体和 ESR 反射器的探测器提供了 234 ps 的最佳 CTR,为使用 3.10/times 3.10/times 20$ -${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ 晶体和 ESR 反射器的探测器提供了 239 ps 的最佳 CTR。在 410-610 keV 的能量窗口中,使用 1.88times 1.88times 20$ - ${\mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ 晶体和 $\rm BaSO_{4}$ 反射器的探测器为 275 ps。与单端读出探测器相比,本研究开发的双端读出探测器具有更好的 CTR 和更高的三维位置分辨率,未来可用于开发全身 PET 扫描仪,以同时实现均匀的高空间分辨率、高灵敏度和高定时分辨率。
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来源期刊
IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences
IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING-
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
18.20%
发文量
109
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