Physical phenomena for zero temperature limit

Abstract

Physical phenomena at the zero temperature limit are studied in the field of accelerator physics. Experimental techniques have been developed to achieve temperatures approaching 0 K. As the universe expands, its background temperature continuously decreases. The energy density of thermal radiation is depicted as a function of temperature across different dimensions. In superconducting cavities, the surface resistance reduces to residual resistance at 0 K. The resistivity of various material types is presented in terms of temperature, and the thermal expansion of solid materials is also illustrated in terms of dimension. Blackbody radiation ceases at 0 K, along with thermal diffusion and thermal noise. However, quantum diffusion and zero-point noise persist at 0 K. With the exception of helium, all gases solidify at this temperature. Despite being at 0 K, zero-point energy still exists, and fundamental forces remain active. Moreover, black holes are expected to evaporate at 0 K, and the evaporation rate of black holes is calculated under these conditions.