Investigation of Decaying \(\beta \)-Configuration Sunspot in Active Region NOAA 13229

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the decay of sunspots in the active region NOAA 13229 using data from the ASO-S/FMG and SDO/HMI. We closely examine the decay patterns of sunspots S1 and S2, which reveal different decay rates and features due to the mechanisms of magnetic cancellation, dispersion, and the role of horizontal flows. Our analysis highlights the significant impact of magnetic flux changes, including the decrease of both the sunspot area and magnetic flux over time, which adheres to distinct decay laws. This study elucidates the complex interplay between magnetic submergence, cancellation, and dispersion in the sunspot decay process, contributing to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving these phenomena. Our results emphasize the importance of horizontal flow dynamics in shaping the decay characteristics of sunspots, providing insights for the role played by the magnetic and plasma processes in solar active regions.