On Embedded Element Radiation Function and Beam Direction of Wide-Scanning Array Antennas

IF 3.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI:10.1109/OJAP.2024.3420764
Prabhat Khanal;Jian Yang
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Abstract

This paper presents a rigorous new analytical derivation of the theorem on the embedded element radiation function of ideally infinite planar array antennas, along with a formula for accurately calculating the main beam direction of finite-sized array antennas based on the theorem. It validates the previously established formula of the embedded element radiation function, where the amplitude is proportional to $\sqrt {\cos \theta }$ , based on the intuitive reasoning that the effective area of an element should be proportional to its projected area in the direction of interest angle $\theta $ , provided that the array antenna has no grating lobes for the full scan, no surface waves, no losses, and active impedance matched. More importantly, the new analytical derivation can accurately predict the embedded element radiation function in cases where there are grating lobes for the array antenna with the full scan, which the intuitive area projection reasoning cannot provide. The theorem concludes that the array’s active element reflection coefficient and inter-element spacing fully determine the embedded element radiation function in all cases. Utilizing this theorem, a new formula for the element phase progression is derived to accurately steer the main beam in the desired direction of the array with a finite number of elements. Several verification cases of wide-scanning array antennas are presented, and the comparisons between numerical simulations, measurements, theoretical results, and some interesting conclusions are discussed in the paper.
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论宽扫描阵列天线的嵌入式元件辐射函数和波束方向
本文对理想无限平面阵列天线的嵌入式元素辐射函数定理进行了新的严格分析推导,并根据该定理提出了精确计算有限尺寸阵列天线主波束方向的公式。它验证了之前建立的嵌入式元素辐射函数公式,其中振幅与 $\sqrt {cos \theta }$ 成正比,基于直观推理,元素的有效面积应与其在感兴趣角 $\theta $ 方向上的投影面积成正比,前提是阵列天线在全扫描时没有光栅裂片,没有表面波,没有损耗,并且有源阻抗匹配。更重要的是,新的分析推导可以准确预测全扫描阵列天线存在光栅裂片时的嵌入式元件辐射函数,而直观的面积投影推理无法提供这种预测。该定理的结论是,阵列的有源元件反射系数和元件间距完全决定了所有情况下的嵌入元件辐射函数。利用该定理,推导出了一个新的元件相位递增公式,可以在元件数量有限的情况下将主光束精确地转向阵列的理想方向。文中介绍了几个宽扫描阵列天线的验证案例,并讨论了数值模拟、测量、理论结果之间的比较以及一些有趣的结论。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
12.50%
发文量
90
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊最新文献
Front Cover Table of Contents IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Instructions for authors Guest Editorial: Antenna-Enabled Sensors and Systems, the New Frontier in Sustainable Wireless Systems IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY
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