3-D Tunnel Seismic Advance Prediction Method with Wide Illumination and High-Precision

IF 4.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI:10.1007/s12583-021-1503-2
Peng Guan, Cuifa Shao, Yuyong Jiao, Guohua Zhang, Junpeng Zou, Fei Tan
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Abstract

Tunnel seismic advance prediction can effectively reduce the construction risk during tunnel excavation. Compared with the 2-D method, the 3-D method is more conducive to describing the spatial characteristics of the geological body by adding the seismic data in the vertical direction. However, some drawbacks still need improvement in the current 3-D tunnel seismic prediction method. (1) The geometry is complex, which is destructiveness, high cost, and time-consuming, and will delay the tunnel construction schedule. (2) Illumination of the anomalous body is insufficient, and the precision of migration imaging is low. (3) Shot points are far away from the tunnel face, the energy loss at the shot points is more serious. (4) The received signals at the tunnel wall have the surface wave with strong energy when the shot points are placed on the tunnel wall. (5) The geometry is not linear, so the directional filtering method cannot be used to extract the reflection wave. To overcome the drawbacks of the current prediction method, a new 3-D symmetrical tunnel seismic prediction method is proposed. Six geophones are installed on the tunnel wall, two on the left side, two on the right side, and two on the top side. Twenty-four shot points are placed on the tunnel face and near both sides of the tunnel wall, twelve shot points on the left side and twelve shot points on the right side. The shot points will move along with the forward excavation of the tunnel. The wavefield analysis, illumination statistics, and 3-D reverse time migration imaging are used to evaluate the proposed method. The result of modeled data indicates that the proposed 3-D geometry has some advantages: (1) the geometry is simple and the geophone installation time is short; (2) it has high illumination energy, wide illumination range, and can improve the prediction distance and imaging accuracy; (3) the proposed 3-D method can better estimate the velocity of surrounding rock and is more conducive to extracting the reflection wave with high resolution.

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宽照度、高精度三维隧道地震超前预测方法
隧道地震超前预测可以有效降低隧道开挖过程中的施工风险。与二维方法相比,三维方法通过增加垂直方向的地震数据,更有利于描述地质体的空间特征。然而,目前的三维隧道地震预测方法仍有一些缺点需要改进。(1)几何形状复杂,破坏性大,成本高,耗时长,会延误隧道施工进度。(2) 异常体照明不足,迁移成像精度低。(3) 射点距离隧道工作面较远,射点能量损失较严重。(4) 射点位于隧道壁上时,隧道壁接收到的信号具有能量较强的表面波。(5)几何形状不是线性的,因此无法使用方向滤波法提取反射波。为了克服现有预测方法的缺点,提出了一种新的三维对称隧道地震预测方法。在隧道壁上安装六个检波器,左侧两个,右侧两个,顶部两个。在隧道面和靠近隧道壁的两侧设置 24 个测震点,其中左侧 12 个,右侧 12 个。射击点将随着隧道的向前挖掘而移动。波场分析、照明统计和三维反向时间迁移成像用于评估所提出的方法。建模数据结果表明,建议的三维几何形状具有以下优点:(1)几何形状简单,地震检波器安装时间短;(2)具有较高的照明能量,照明范围宽,可提高预测距离和成像精度;(3)建议的三维方法可更好地估计围岩速度,更有利于提取高分辨率的反射波。
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来源期刊
Journal of Earth Science
Journal of Earth Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
12.10%
发文量
128
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Earth Science (previously known as Journal of China University of Geosciences), issued bimonthly through China University of Geosciences, covers all branches of geology and related technology in the exploration and utilization of earth resources. Founded in 1990 as the Journal of China University of Geosciences, this publication is expanding its breadth of coverage to an international scope. Coverage includes such topics as geology, petrology, mineralogy, ore deposit geology, tectonics, paleontology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, geochemistry, geophysics and environmental sciences. Articles published in recent issues include Tectonics in the Northwestern West Philippine Basin; Creep Damage Characteristics of Soft Rock under Disturbance Loads; Simplicial Indicator Kriging; Tephra Discovered in High Resolution Peat Sediment and Its Indication to Climatic Event. The journal offers discussion of new theories, methods and discoveries; reports on recent achievements in the geosciences; and timely reviews of selected subjects.
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