Formation of the Near-Fault Damage Zone during Dynamic Rupture in a Crystalline Rock Mass

IF 1.8 4区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Physical Mesomechanics Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI:10.1134/s102995992403007x
A. M. Budkov, G. G. Kocharyan
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Abstract

Many models for analyzing the dynamic propagation of seismogenic ruptures are based on solving classical problems of fracture mechanics. It is assumed that the fault is a shear crack with uniformly distributed friction and stress concentration at the crack tip. Known fracture mechanics theories do not describe the formation of damage zones in the lateral direction, i.e. perpendicular to the crack plane. Observational data indicate the presence of a fairly extensive zone of damaged material in the vicinity of the fault. This is the zone of dynamic influence where the material has an increased fracture density, higher permeability and lower elastic wave velocities. A correct assessment of the properties and sizes of zones of dynamic influence is crucial for constructing adequate earthquake preparation models. This paper analyzes regularities of development and quantitative characteristics of the damage zone during dynamic earthquake rupture and quasi-static evolution of the fault. The size and mechanical characteristics of the near-fault damage zone produced by movement along the slip surface can be conveniently estimated by the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor (shear intensity). Matching of the calculated value with a certain degree of rock mass damage can be done using measurement data from large-scale explosions, by comparing them with the calculation results. It is shown that coseismic movement along the fault leads to insignificant changes in the properties of the host rock. However, the longitudinal wave velocity near the fault decreases markedly by 30–35%, the permeability increases only by approximately a factor of three, and the increase in the degree of fracturing is almost unnoticeable. This means that the properties of the rock mass change due to the opening of preexisting cracks. Repeated movements do not radically change the characteristic dimensions and properties of the damage zone. It is concluded that the fault-affected zone is formed mainly at the quasi-static stage of the formation of the main fault through the coalescence of individual macrofractures, and future seismogenic movements renew the already existing fractures.

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结晶岩体动态破裂过程中近断层损伤带的形成
摘要 许多分析地震破裂动态传播的模型都是基于解决断裂力学的经典问题。假设断层为剪切裂缝,在裂缝尖端具有均匀分布的摩擦力和应力集中。已知的断裂力学理论无法描述横向(即垂直于裂缝平面)损伤区的形成。观测数据表明,在断层附近存在着相当广泛的受损材料区。这是一个动态影响区,在这里,材料的断裂密度增大,渗透率增高,弹性波速降低。正确评估动态影响区的属性和大小对于构建适当的地震准备模型至关重要。本文分析了地震动态破裂和断层准静态演化过程中破坏带的发展规律和定量特征。沿滑动面运动所产生的近断层破坏带的大小和力学特征可通过偏差应力张量的第二个不变量(剪切强度)方便地估算出来。将计算值与一定程度的岩体破坏相匹配,可以利用大规模爆炸的测量数据,并将其与计算结果进行比较。结果表明,沿断层的同震运动导致主岩性质发生微小变化。然而,断层附近的纵波速度明显降低了 30-35%,渗透率只增加了约三倍,断裂程度的增加几乎不明显。这说明岩体的性质是由于预先存在的裂缝打开而发生变化的。反复运动并不会从根本上改变破坏区的特征尺寸和性质。结论是,断层影响区主要是在主断层形成的准静态阶段,通过单个宏观裂缝的凝聚而形成的,而未来的地震运动会更新已经存在的裂缝。
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来源期刊
Physical Mesomechanics
Physical Mesomechanics Materials Science-General Materials Science
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
18.80%
发文量
48
期刊介绍: The journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies and reviews related in the physical mesomechanics and also solid-state physics, mechanics, materials science, geodynamics, non-destructive testing and in a large number of other fields where the physical mesomechanics may be used extensively. Papers dealing with the processing, characterization, structure and physical properties and computational aspects of the mesomechanics of heterogeneous media, fracture mesomechanics, physical mesomechanics of materials, mesomechanics applications for geodynamics and tectonics, mesomechanics of smart materials and materials for electronics, non-destructive testing are viewed as suitable for publication.
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