Estrogenic, Genotoxic, and Antibacterial Effects of Chemicals from Cryogenically Milled Tire Tread

IF 3.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI:10.1002/etc.5934
Alan J. Bergmann, T. Masset, F. Breider, W. Dudefoi, K. Schirmer, B. J. D. Ferrari, E. L. M. Vermeirssen
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Abstract

Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) contain complex mixtures of chemicals and release them to the environment, and potential toxic effects of these chemicals still need to be characterized. We used a standardized surrogate for TRWP, cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT), to isolate and evaluate effects of tire-associated chemicals. We examined organic chemical mixtures extracted and leached from CMTT for the toxicity endpoints genotoxicity, estrogenicity, and inhibition of bacterial luminescence. The bioassays were performed after chromatographic separation on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates. Extracts of CMTT were active in all three HPTLC bioassays with two estrogenic zones, two genotoxic zones, and two zones inhibiting bacterial luminescence. Extracts of CMTT artificially aged with thermooxidation were equally bioactive in each HPTLC bioassay. Two types of aqueous leachates of unaged CMTT, simulating either digestion by fish or contact with sediment and water, contained estrogenic chemicals and inhibitors of bacterial luminescence with similar profiles to those of CMTT extracts. Of 11 tested tire-associated chemicals, two were estrogenic, three were genotoxic, and several inhibited bacterial luminescence. 1,3-Diphenylguanidine, transformation products of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and benzothiazoles were especially implicated through comparison to HPTLC retention factors in the CMTT samples. Other bioactive bands in CMTT samples did not correspond to any target chemicals. Tire particles clearly contain and can leach complex mixtures of toxic chemicals to the environment. Although some known chemicals contribute to estrogenic, genotoxic, and antibacterial hazards, unidentified toxic chemicals are still present and deserve further investigation. Overall, our study expands the understanding of potential adverse effects from tire particles and helps improve the link between those effects and the responsible chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1962–1972. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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低温碾磨轮胎胎面化学品的雌激素、基因毒性和抗菌作用
轮胎和路面磨损颗粒(TRWP)含有复杂的化学物质混合物并释放到环境中,这些化学物质的潜在毒性影响仍有待鉴定。我们使用低温研磨轮胎胎面(CMTT)作为 TRWP 的标准化替代物,以分离和评估轮胎相关化学物质的影响。我们检测了从 CMTT 中提取和浸出的有机化学混合物的毒性终点,包括遗传毒性、雌激素毒性和抑制细菌发光。生物测定是在高性能薄层色谱(HPTLC)板上进行色谱分离后进行的。在所有三种 HPTLC 生物测定中,CMTT 提取物都具有活性,其中有两个雌激素区、两个基因毒性区和两个细菌发光抑制区。经过热氧化人工老化的 CMTT 提取物在每种 HPTLC 生物测定中都具有相同的生物活性。模拟鱼类消化或与沉积物和水接触的两种未老化 CMTT 水浸出物含有雌激素化学物质和细菌发光抑制剂,其特征与 CMTT 提取物相似。在 11 种经过测试的轮胎相关化学物质中,有两种是雌激素,三种是基因毒性物质,还有几种抑制细菌发光。通过与 CMTT 样品中的 HPTLC 保留因子进行比较,1,3-二苯基胍、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-对苯二胺的转化产物和苯并噻唑类化合物尤其受到关注。CMTT 样品中的其他生物活性条带与任何目标化学物质都不相符。轮胎颗粒显然含有复杂的有毒化学物质混合物,并可能将其沥滤到环境中。虽然一些已知的化学物质会导致雌激素、基因毒性和抗菌危害,但仍存在一些未确定的有毒化学物质,值得进一步研究。总之,我们的研究拓展了人们对轮胎颗粒潜在不良影响的认识,并有助于改善这些影响与相关化学物质之间的联系。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-11。© 2024 作者。环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
9.80%
发文量
265
审稿时长
3.4 months
期刊介绍: The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.
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Correction. Spotlights are papers selected by editors published in peer-reviewed journals that may be more regionally specific or appearing in languages other than English Issue Information - Cover Editorial Board and Table of Contents Detection and Prediction of Toxic Aluminum Concentrations in High-Priority Salmon Rivers in Nova Scotia.
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