Impact of soil moisture regimes on greenhouse gas emissions, soil microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity in long-term fertilized paddy soil

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-00943-4
Asad Shah, Jing Huang, Tianfu Han, Muhammad Numan Khan, Kiya Adare Tadesse, Nano Alemu Daba, Sajeela Khan, Sami Ullah, Muhammad Fahad Sardar, Shah Fahad, Huimin Zhang
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Abstract

Two potent greenhouse gases that are mostly found in agricultural soils are methane and nitrous oxide. Therefore, we investigated the effect of different moisture regimes on microbial stoichiometry, enzymatic activity, and greenhouse gas emissions in long-term paddy soils. The treatments included a control (CK; no addition), chemical fertilizer (NPK), and NPK + cattle manure (NPKM) and two moisture regimes such as 60% water-filled pore spaces (WFPS) and flooding. The results revealed that 60% water-filled pore spaces (WFPS) emit higher amounts of N2O than flooded soil, while in the case of CH4 the flooded soil emits more CH4 emission compared to 60% WFPS. At 60% WFPS higher N2O flux values were recorded for control, NPK, and NPKM which are 2.3, 3.1, and 3.5 µg kg−1, respectively. In flooded soil, the CH4 flux emission was higher, and the NPKM treatment recorded the maximum CH4 emissions (3.8 µg kg−1) followed by NPK (3.2 µg kg−1) and CK (1.7 µg kg−1). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was increased by 15–27% under all flooded treatments as compared to 60% WPFS treatments. The microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (MBC, MBN, and MBP) significantly increased in the flooded treatments by 8–12%, 14–21%, and 4–22%, respectively when compared to 60% WFPS. The urease enzyme was influenced by moisture conditions, and significantly increased by 42–54% in flooded soil compared with 60% WFPS while having little effect on the β-glucosidase (BG) and acid phosphatase (AcP) enzymes. Moreover DOC, MBC, and pH showed a significant positive relationship with cumulative CH4, while DOC showed a significant relationship with cumulative N2O. In the random forest model, soil moisture, MBC, DOC, pH, and enzymatic activities were the most important factors for GHG emissions. The PLS-PM analysis showed that soil properties and enzymes possessed significantly directly impacted on CH4 and N2O emissions, while SMB had indirect positive effect on CH4 and N2O emissions.

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土壤水分制度对长期施肥水稻土壤中温室气体排放、土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响
农业土壤中主要存在甲烷和氧化亚氮这两种强效温室气体。因此,我们研究了不同水分制度对长期稻田土壤中微生物的化学计量、酶活性和温室气体排放的影响。处理包括对照(CK;无添加)、化肥(NPK)和 NPK + 牛粪(NPKM),以及 60% 水填充孔隙(WFPS)和淹水等两种湿度制度。结果表明,60% 水填充孔隙(WFPS)比淹没土壤排放更多的 N2O,而在 CH4 排放方面,淹没土壤比 60% 水填充孔隙排放更多的 CH4。在 60% WFPS 条件下,对照、NPK 和 NPKM 的 N2O 通量值较高,分别为 2.3、3.1 和 3.5 µg kg-1。在淹水土壤中,CH4 通量排放量较高,NPKM 处理的 CH4 排放量最大(3.8 µg kg-1),其次是 NPK(3.2 µg kg-1)和 CK(1.7 µg kg-1)。与 60% WPFS 处理相比,所有淹没处理的溶解有机碳(DOC)增加了 15-27%。与 60% WFPS 相比,淹没处理的微生物生物量碳、氮和磷(MBC、MBN 和 MBP)分别显著增加了 8-12%、14-21% 和 4-22%。脲酶受水分条件的影响,与 60% WFPS 相比,淹水土壤中的脲酶显著增加了 42-54%,而对β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)和酸性磷酸酶(AcP)影响不大。此外,DOC、MBC 和 pH 与累积 CH4 呈显著正相关,而 DOC 与累积 N2O 呈显著相关。在随机森林模型中,土壤水分、MBC、DOC、pH 和酶活性是影响温室气体排放的最重要因素。PLS-PM 分析表明,土壤特性和酶活性对 CH4 和 N2O 的排放有显著的直接影响,而 SMB 对 CH4 和 N2O 的排放有间接的正向影响。
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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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