首页 > 最新文献

Environmental Sciences Europe最新文献

英文 中文
Disentangling mechanisms by which microplastic films affect plant-soil systems: physical effects of particles can override toxic effects of additives 解密微塑料薄膜影响植物-土壤系统的机制:微粒的物理效应可能超过添加剂的毒性效应
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01021-5
Y. M. Lozano, C. Perlenfein, M. G. Bernal, M. C. Rillig

Background

Microplastics, polymer-based particles < 5 mm, affect plant–soil systems positively or negatively, suggesting there are different modes of action. Microplastics, as particles, have physical effects but the leaching of additives likely contributes chemical mechanisms, both of which may be dependent on microplastic size. To disentangle such mechanisms, we established a controlled experiment involving polypropylene and polyethylene films of small, medium and large size, and we evaluated the individual and combined effect of plastic particles and additives (leachates from plastic particles) on soil properties and plant performance of the phytometer Daucus carota and on bare soils.

Results

We find that additives better explained variation in soil properties (e.g., 44.6% vs 1.3%). Soil respiration and aggregation were negatively affected for additives, likely due to the presence of toxic substances. Overall, such effects increased as plastic size decreased. By contrast, plastic particles better explained plant biomass responses. The positive effect of particles on aeration which may promote root penetration and nutrient uptake, and microplastics itself as a source of carbon potentially promoting soil microbial activity, help explain the positive effect of particles on plant biomass. Plants mitigated the negative effects of additives on bare soils while enhancing the positive effects of particles. This improvement was likely linked to an increase in root activity and rhizodeposition, as plastic particles improved soil aeration. The combined effect of additives and particles, which mimics the microplastic found in the soil, mitigated their individual negative effects on plant–soil systems. As the negative effect of additives could have been masked by the positive effects of particles, simply reporting net positive effects would capture only part of the response.

Conclusions

Additives and plastic particles differently affect soil properties and plant biomass. Additives primarily negatively affect soil properties due to toxic substances, while plastic particles enhance plant biomass likely by improving soil aeration. When examining microplastics effects on terrestrial systems (i.e., the combined effect of additives and particles), the negative effect of additives may be masked by the positive effects of plastic particles. Reporting only net positive effects risks overlooking these underlying negative effects. Plants can mitigate the negative impacts of additives and amplify the positive effects of plastic particles. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating both the individual and combined effects of additives and particles to fully understand and address the impacts of microplastics on terrestrial ecosystems.

背景微塑料(基于聚合物的 5 毫米微粒)会对植物-土壤系统产生积极或消极的影响,这表明存在不同的作用模式。微塑料作为颗粒会产生物理影响,但添加剂的浸出可能会产生化学机制,这两种机制可能都取决于微塑料的大小。为了厘清这些机制,我们建立了一个涉及小、中、大尺寸聚丙烯和聚乙烯薄膜的对照实验,并评估了塑料微粒和添加剂(塑料微粒的浸出物)对土壤特性和植物生长性能的单独和综合影响,以及对裸露土壤的影响。添加剂对土壤呼吸和团聚产生了负面影响,这可能是由于添加剂中含有有毒物质。总体而言,这种影响随着塑料尺寸的减小而增加。相比之下,塑料微粒能更好地解释植物生物量反应。微粒对通气的积极影响可能会促进根系的渗透和养分的吸收,而微塑料本身作为一种碳源可能会促进土壤微生物的活动,这些都有助于解释微粒对植物生物量的积极影响。植物减轻了添加剂对裸露土壤的负面影响,同时增强了微粒的积极作用。这种改善可能与根系活动和根茎沉积的增加有关,因为塑料微粒改善了土壤的通气性。添加剂和颗粒的共同作用模拟了土壤中的微塑料,减轻了它们各自对植物-土壤系统的负面影响。添加剂和塑料微粒对土壤性质和植物生物量的影响各不相同。添加剂主要由于有毒物质对土壤性质产生负面影响,而塑料微粒则可能通过改善土壤通气性来提高植物生物量。在研究微塑料对陆地系统的影响(即添加剂和微粒的综合影响)时,添加剂的负面影响可能会被塑料微粒的正面影响所掩盖。只报告净正面效应可能会忽略这些潜在的负面效应。植物可以减轻添加剂的负面影响,放大塑料微粒的正面效应。我们的研究强调了调查添加剂和微粒的单独效应和综合效应的重要性,以全面了解和解决微塑料对陆地生态系统的影响。
{"title":"Disentangling mechanisms by which microplastic films affect plant-soil systems: physical effects of particles can override toxic effects of additives","authors":"Y. M. Lozano,&nbsp;C. Perlenfein,&nbsp;M. G. Bernal,&nbsp;M. C. Rillig","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01021-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01021-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Microplastics, polymer-based particles &lt; 5 mm, affect plant–soil systems positively or negatively, suggesting there are different modes of action. Microplastics, as particles, have physical effects but the leaching of additives likely contributes chemical mechanisms, both of which may be dependent on microplastic size. To disentangle such mechanisms, we established a controlled experiment involving polypropylene and polyethylene films of small, medium and large size, and we evaluated the individual and combined effect of plastic particles and additives (leachates from plastic particles) on soil properties and plant performance of the phytometer <i>Daucus carota</i> and on bare soils.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We find that additives better explained variation in soil properties (e.g., 44.6% vs 1.3%). Soil respiration and aggregation were negatively affected for additives, likely due to the presence of toxic substances. Overall, such effects increased as plastic size decreased. By contrast, plastic particles better explained plant biomass responses. The positive effect of particles on aeration which may promote root penetration and nutrient uptake, and microplastics itself as a source of carbon potentially promoting soil microbial activity, help explain the positive effect of particles on plant biomass. Plants mitigated the negative effects of additives on bare soils while enhancing the positive effects of particles. This improvement was likely linked to an increase in root activity and rhizodeposition, as plastic particles improved soil aeration. The combined effect of additives and particles, which mimics the microplastic found in the soil, mitigated their individual negative effects on plant–soil systems. As the negative effect of additives could have been masked by the positive effects of particles, simply reporting net positive effects would capture only part of the response.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Additives and plastic particles differently affect soil properties and plant biomass. Additives primarily negatively affect soil properties due to toxic substances, while plastic particles enhance plant biomass likely by improving soil aeration. When examining microplastics effects on terrestrial systems (i.e., the combined effect of additives and particles), the negative effect of additives may be masked by the positive effects of plastic particles. Reporting only net positive effects risks overlooking these underlying negative effects. Plants can mitigate the negative impacts of additives and amplify the positive effects of plastic particles. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating both the individual and combined effects of additives and particles to fully understand and address the impacts of microplastics on terrestrial ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01021-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calculating the effect of intensive use of urban organic waste on soil concentrations of potentially toxic elements in a peri-urban agriculture context in Norway 计算密集使用城市有机废物对挪威城郊农业区土壤中潜在有毒元素浓度的影响
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01016-2
Anne-Kristin Løes, Sebastian Eiter, Tatiana Rittl

Background

Recycling nutrients and organic matter available as waste in urban areas may close nutrient gaps and improve soil quality, but the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are commonly higher than in mineral fertilisers. How quickly may the limits for soil quality be exceeded, and for which elements, if such materials are applied intensively? For a rough answer to this question, we used soil data from ten case farms near Oslo and Bergen (Norway) to estimate how PTE concentrations increased when the demand for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in a theoretical carrot crop produced every year was covered by compost or digestate from source-separated food waste, or composted garden waste, compared with manure from horses and poultry which are often kept in peri-urban areas.

Results

With the intensive fertilisation assumed here, the Norwegian soil quality limits for PTEs were reached within 20–85 years, and faster for soil with more organic matter since regulatory limits set by weight discriminate soils with low bulk density. The limits were reached first for Cu and Zn, which are both essential micronutrients for crop plants. The concentrations of macronutrients in the urban waste-based fertilisers were not well balanced. Rates covering the K demand would lead to high surpluses of P and N. In peri-urban vegetable growing, high applications of compost are not unusual, but more balanced fertilisation is required.

Conclusions

The Norwegian regulations for PTEs in organic soil amendments and agricultural soil are stricter than in the EU, and do not support recycling of organic matter and nutrients from urban waste. Many materials which can only be applied with restricted amounts to Norwegian agricultural soil, may be applied according to crop demand in the EU. Growers utilising urban waste-based fertilisers intensively should monitor the soil regularly, including PTE analyses. Soil sampling should occur on fixed sampling points to reveal changes in concentrations over time. Norwegian authorities should consider a revision of the organic fertiliser regulation to support recycling of valuable organic materials. There is a need for more data on the PTE concentrations in agricultural soil and organic fertiliser materials.

背景回收城市地区废弃物中的养分和有机物可弥补养分缺口并改善土壤质量,但其潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 的浓度通常高于矿物肥料。如果大量施用这些材料,多快会超过土壤质量限值?为了粗略回答这个问题,我们使用了奥斯陆和卑尔根(挪威)附近 10 个案例农场的土壤数据,以估算当每年生产的理论胡萝卜作物对氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)的需求量由堆肥或从源头分离的厨余垃圾中提取的沼渣或堆肥后的园林垃圾(与通常在城市周边地区饲养的马和家禽的粪便相比)来满足时,PTE 浓度的增加情况。结果在采用密集施肥的情况下,挪威土壤中 PTEs 的质量限值在 20-85 年内达到,有机质含量较高的土壤达到限值的速度更快,因为按重量设定的法规限值会对容重较低的土壤产生影响。首先达到限值的是铜和锌,它们都是农作物必需的微量营养元素。城市垃圾肥料中的宏量营养元素浓度并不均衡。在城市周边的蔬菜种植中,大量施用堆肥并不罕见,但需要更均衡的施肥。结论挪威对有机土壤改良剂和农用土壤中的 PTEs 规定比欧盟更为严格,不支持从城市垃圾中回收有机物质和养分。许多只能在挪威农业土壤中限量施用的物质,在欧盟可以根据作物需求施用。大量使用城市垃圾肥料的种植者应定期监测土壤,包括进行 PTE 分析。应在固定采样点进行土壤采样,以揭示浓度随时间的变化。挪威当局应考虑修订有机肥料法规,以支持有价值有机材料的回收利用。需要更多有关农业土壤和有机肥料材料中 PTE 浓度的数据。
{"title":"Calculating the effect of intensive use of urban organic waste on soil concentrations of potentially toxic elements in a peri-urban agriculture context in Norway","authors":"Anne-Kristin Løes,&nbsp;Sebastian Eiter,&nbsp;Tatiana Rittl","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01016-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01016-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Recycling nutrients and organic matter available as waste in urban areas may close nutrient gaps and improve soil quality, but the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are commonly higher than in mineral fertilisers. How quickly may the limits for soil quality be exceeded, and for which elements, if such materials are applied intensively? For a rough answer to this question, we used soil data from ten case farms near Oslo and Bergen (Norway) to estimate how PTE concentrations increased when the demand for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in a theoretical carrot crop produced every year was covered by compost or digestate from source-separated food waste, or composted garden waste, compared with manure from horses and poultry which are often kept in peri-urban areas.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>With the intensive fertilisation assumed here, the Norwegian soil quality limits for PTEs were reached within 20–85 years, and faster for soil with more organic matter since regulatory limits set by weight discriminate soils with low bulk density. The limits were reached first for Cu and Zn, which are both essential micronutrients for crop plants. The concentrations of macronutrients in the urban waste-based fertilisers were not well balanced. Rates covering the K demand would lead to high surpluses of P and N. In peri-urban vegetable growing, high applications of compost are not unusual, but more balanced fertilisation is required.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Norwegian regulations for PTEs in organic soil amendments and agricultural soil are stricter than in the EU, and do not support recycling of organic matter and nutrients from urban waste. Many materials which can only be applied with restricted amounts to Norwegian agricultural soil, may be applied according to crop demand in the EU. Growers utilising urban waste-based fertilisers intensively should monitor the soil regularly, including PTE analyses. Soil sampling should occur on fixed sampling points to reveal changes in concentrations over time. Norwegian authorities should consider a revision of the organic fertiliser regulation to support recycling of valuable organic materials. There is a need for more data on the PTE concentrations in agricultural soil and organic fertiliser materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01016-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into the role of hexa-bacterial consortium for bioremediation of soil contaminated with chlorantraniliprole 六联菌群在氯氰菊酯污染土壤的生物修复中的作用透视
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01008-2
Mohamed A. Fahmy, Samir H. Salem, Hassan I. Abd El-Fattah, Behairy A. Akl, Mohamed Fayez, Mohamed Maher, Ahmed A. A. Aioub, Mahmoud Sitohy

This study evaluates the efficacy of discrete bacterial consortia in bioremediating sandy loamy soil deliberately contaminated with 20 mg/kg of chlorantraniliprole (CAP). It monitors alterations in total bacterial populations and CO2 emissions, tracking residual CAP levels through UV scanning and HPLC analysis. Six active bacterial degraders (four Bacillus strains (B. subtilis subsp. subtilis AZFS3, B. pumilus AZFS5, B. mojavensis AZFS15, and B. paramycoides AZFS18), one Alcaligenes strain (A. aquatilis KZFS11), and one Pseudomonas strain (P. aeruginosa KZFS4)) were used in single or combined preparations and grown on trypticase soy broth for 24 h at 30 °C before preparing the inoculants and adjusting the bacterial cell count to 107 CFU/dwt g soil. The bacterial consortia were added to the CAP-contaminated soil and incubated for 20 days at 30 °C. The di-, tetra-, and hexa-bacterial consortia recorded the highest levels of viable bacteria, reaching their peak after 3 to 11 days of incubation. Then, they declined to the minimum levels at the end of the 20 days, which coincided with their complete removal of CAP from the soil. At the end of the incubation period (20 days), the CAP was mainly biodegraded, scoring biodegradation rates of 90.05%, 93.65%, and 98.65% for T3, T4, and T5, respectively. This concurred with the highest average CO2 production. Based on the results of the HPLC analysis, the hexa-bacterial consortium T5 demonstrated the highest rate of CAP biodegradation (99.33%) after a 20-day incubation period, resulting in the lowest residual level of CAP in the soil (0.67%). Bioinformatic analysis predicted that the CAP biodegradation pathway reached CO2 and H2O. Under optimized conditions, the hexa-bacteria consortium is the most effective CAP biodegraded and is recommended as an eco-friendly treatment for eliminating CAP pollution in the field.

本研究评估了离散细菌群在对故意受到 20 毫克/千克氯虫苯甲酰胺(CAP)污染的沙质壤土进行生物修复方面的功效。它通过紫外线扫描和高效液相色谱分析,监测细菌总数和二氧化碳排放量的变化,跟踪 CAP 的残留水平。六种活性细菌降解剂(四种枯草芽孢杆菌菌株(枯草芽孢杆菌亚种 AZFS3、枯草芽孢杆菌 AZFS5、枯草芽孢杆菌 AZFS15 和副枯草芽孢杆菌 AZFS18)、一种嗜水气单胞菌菌株(嗜水气单胞菌 KZFS11)和一种假单胞菌菌株(绿脓杆菌 KZFS4)。在制备接种剂并将细菌细胞数调整为 107 CFU/dwt g 土壤之前,先在胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤中培养 24 小时,温度为 30 °C。将细菌菌群添加到受 CAP 污染的土壤中,并在 30 °C 下培养 20 天。二元、四元和六元复合菌群的存活细菌数量最多,在培养 3 至 11 天后达到高峰。然后,它们在 20 天结束时降至最低水平,这与它们从土壤中完全清除 CAP 的时间相吻合。在培养期结束时(20 天),CAP 主要被生物降解,T3、T4 和 T5 的生物降解率分别为 90.05%、93.65% 和 98.65%。这与最高的二氧化碳平均产生量相吻合。根据高效液相色谱分析的结果,六细菌联合体 T5 在 20 天的培养期后表现出最高的 CAP 生物降解率(99.33%),从而使土壤中的 CAP 残留水平最低(0.67%)。生物信息分析预测,CAP 的生物降解途径为 CO2 和 H2O。在优化条件下,六细菌联合体对 CAP 的生物降解效果最好,建议将其作为消除田间 CAP 污染的生态友好型处理方法。
{"title":"Insights into the role of hexa-bacterial consortium for bioremediation of soil contaminated with chlorantraniliprole","authors":"Mohamed A. Fahmy,&nbsp;Samir H. Salem,&nbsp;Hassan I. Abd El-Fattah,&nbsp;Behairy A. Akl,&nbsp;Mohamed Fayez,&nbsp;Mohamed Maher,&nbsp;Ahmed A. A. Aioub,&nbsp;Mahmoud Sitohy","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01008-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01008-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the efficacy of discrete bacterial consortia in bioremediating sandy loamy soil deliberately contaminated with 20 mg/kg of chlorantraniliprole (CAP). It monitors alterations in total bacterial populations and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, tracking residual CAP levels through UV scanning and HPLC analysis. Six active bacterial degraders (four <i>Bacillus</i> strains (<i>B. subtilis</i> subsp<i>. subtilis</i> AZFS3<i>, B. pumilus</i> AZFS5<i>, B. mojavensis</i> AZFS15, and <i>B. paramycoides</i> AZFS18), one <i>Alcaligenes</i> strain (<i>A. aquatilis</i> KZFS11), and one <i>Pseudomonas</i> strain (<i>P. aeruginosa</i> KZFS4)) were used in single or combined preparations and grown on trypticase soy broth for 24 h at 30 °C before preparing the inoculants and adjusting the bacterial cell count to 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/dwt g soil. The bacterial consortia were added to the CAP-contaminated soil and incubated for 20 days at 30 °C. The di-, tetra-, and hexa-bacterial consortia recorded the highest levels of viable bacteria, reaching their peak after 3 to 11 days of incubation. Then, they declined to the minimum levels at the end of the 20 days, which coincided with their complete removal of CAP from the soil. At the end of the incubation period (20 days), the CAP was mainly biodegraded, scoring biodegradation rates of 90.05%, 93.65%, and 98.65% for T3, T4, and T5, respectively. This concurred with the highest average CO<sub>2</sub> production. Based on the results of the HPLC analysis, the hexa-bacterial consortium T5 demonstrated the highest rate of CAP biodegradation (99.33%) after a 20-day incubation period, resulting in the lowest residual level of CAP in the soil (0.67%). Bioinformatic analysis predicted that the CAP biodegradation pathway reached CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O. Under optimized conditions, the hexa-bacteria consortium is the most effective CAP biodegraded and is recommended as an eco-friendly treatment for eliminating CAP pollution in the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01008-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking the potential of data harmonization and FAIRness in chemical risk assessment: lessons from practice and insights for policy development 在化学品风险评估中释放数据统一和 FAIRness 的潜力:从实践中汲取的教训和对政策制定的启示
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01022-4
Oona Freudenthal, Marcos Da Silveira, Louis Deladiennee

Persistent and toxic chemicals remain a significant pollution concern, underscored by the European Union's Zero Pollution Action Plan. Daily exposure to complex chemical mixtures starts early and continues throughout life, for instance for consumer products such as toys, plasticware, furniture, and synthetic fibres. EU-funded research projects like COPHES/DEMOCOPHES, HBM4EU, and PARC have documented population exposure to these substances. The outcomes of such research initiatives have contributed to highlighting the adverse health impacts of Substances of Concern (SoCs), leading to several regulatory actions within the EU. SoCs include hazardous chemicals such as carcinogens, mutagens, endocrine disruptors, and “persistent, bioaccumulative, and mobile” (PBM) chemicals. The digital transformation in chemicals management has resulted in policies that mandate electronic submissions of chemical risk assessment-relevant data, and the creation of industry-specific databases like the Substances of Concern in Products (SCIP) database, established by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the revised Waste Framework Directive (WstFD). These databases describe SoCs and their link with products, offering a comprehensive view of chemical quantities, emission sources, exposure pathways, and other relevant data, contingent on robust data governance. Effective chemical risk assessment requires characterizing hazards, exposure sources and levels, and drawing conclusions concluding on potential risks, supported by a well-defined problem formulation and monitoring. This includes setting objectives and defining the scope of the risk assessment and decision-making, particularly regarding early warning signal detection for the purpose of public health protection. Successful risk assessment hinges on access to robust, traceable, accessible, and interoperable data across scientific disciplines and regulatory frameworks. This paper discusses the challenges of aggregating human health risk assessment-relevant chemical information from multiple sources, especially from the perspective of data fusion and reuse. It presents findings from a research project focused on utilizing chemicals datasets from various governmental and scientific sources. The study highlights the need for improved data presentation and availability to enhance usability for all stakeholders. Recommendations are made for the EU Commission, ECHA, industry, and academia to support harmonized data practices, increased transparency, and the development of sustainable chemical applications fostering safer market introductions. These recommendations can also be useful to other data providers that care about the reusability of the data they publish or manage.

欧盟的 "零污染行动计划 "强调,持久性有毒化学品仍然是一个重大的污染问题。人们很早就开始接触复杂的化学混合物,并持续一生,例如玩具、塑料制品、家具和合成纤维等消费品。欧盟资助的研究项目,如 COPHES/DEMOCOPHES、HBM4EU 和 PARC,记录了人们接触这些物质的情况。这些研究项目的成果有助于凸显 "关注物质"(SoCs)对健康的不利影响,并促使欧盟采取了多项监管行动。SoCs 包括致癌物、诱变剂、内分泌干扰物和 "持久性、生物累积性和流动性"(PBM)化学品等危险化学品。化学品管理的数字化转型催生了一些政策,强制要求以电子方式提交化学品风险评估相关数据,并创建了特定行业数据库,如欧洲化学品管理局(ECHA)根据修订后的《废物框架指令》(WstFD)建立的 "产品中的相关物质"(SCIP)数据库。这些数据库描述了 SoCs 及其与产品的联系,提供了化学品数量、排放源、暴露途径和其他相关数据的综合视图,但这取决于强大的数据管理。有效的化学品风险评估需要对危害、暴露源和暴露水平进行描述,并在明确界定的问题表述和监测的支持下,得出潜在风险的结论。这包括设定目标和界定风险评估和决策的范围,特别是以保护公众健康为目的的早期预警信号检测。成功的风险评估取决于能否获得跨科学学科和监管框架的可靠、可追溯、可访问和可互操作的数据。本文讨论了从多个来源汇总与人类健康风险评估相关的化学信息所面临的挑战,特别是从数据融合和再利用的角度进行了讨论。它介绍了一个研究项目的结果,该项目侧重于利用来自不同政府和科学来源的化学品数据集。研究强调了改进数据展示和可用性的必要性,以提高所有利益相关者的可用性。为欧盟委员会、欧洲化学品管理局、工业界和学术界提出了建议,以支持统一数据实践、提高透明度和开发可持续的化学品应用,促进更安全的市场引入。这些建议对关心其发布或管理的数据的可重用性的其他数据提供者也很有用。
{"title":"Unlocking the potential of data harmonization and FAIRness in chemical risk assessment: lessons from practice and insights for policy development","authors":"Oona Freudenthal,&nbsp;Marcos Da Silveira,&nbsp;Louis Deladiennee","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01022-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01022-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Persistent and toxic chemicals remain a significant pollution concern, underscored by the European Union's Zero Pollution Action Plan. Daily exposure to complex chemical mixtures starts early and continues throughout life, for instance for consumer products such as toys, plasticware, furniture, and synthetic fibres. EU-funded research projects like COPHES/DEMOCOPHES, HBM4EU, and PARC have documented population exposure to these substances. The outcomes of such research initiatives have contributed to highlighting the adverse health impacts of Substances of Concern (SoCs), leading to several regulatory actions within the EU. SoCs include hazardous chemicals such as carcinogens, mutagens, endocrine disruptors, and “persistent, bioaccumulative, and mobile” (PBM) chemicals. The digital transformation in chemicals management has resulted in policies that mandate electronic submissions of chemical risk assessment-relevant data, and the creation of industry-specific databases like the Substances of Concern in Products (SCIP) database, established by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the revised Waste Framework Directive (WstFD). These databases describe SoCs and their link with products, offering a comprehensive view of chemical quantities, emission sources, exposure pathways, and other relevant data, contingent on robust data governance. Effective chemical risk assessment requires characterizing hazards, exposure sources and levels, and drawing conclusions concluding on potential risks, supported by a well-defined problem formulation and monitoring. This includes setting objectives and defining the scope of the risk assessment and decision-making, particularly regarding early warning signal detection for the purpose of public health protection. Successful risk assessment hinges on access to robust, traceable, accessible, and interoperable data across scientific disciplines and regulatory frameworks. This paper discusses the challenges of aggregating human health risk assessment-relevant chemical information from multiple sources, especially from the perspective of data fusion and reuse. It presents findings from a research project focused on utilizing chemicals datasets from various governmental and scientific sources. The study highlights the need for improved data presentation and availability to enhance usability for all stakeholders. Recommendations are made for the EU Commission, ECHA, industry, and academia to support harmonized data practices, increased transparency, and the development of sustainable chemical applications fostering safer market introductions. These recommendations can also be useful to other data providers that care about the reusability of the data they publish or manage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01022-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heavy metal contamination and potential health risks in upland rice-producing soils of rotational shifting cultivation in northern Thailand 泰国北部轮作轮垦高地水稻生产土壤中的重金属污染和潜在健康风险
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01023-3
Noppol Arunrat, Praeploy Kongsurakan, Sukanya Sereenonchai

Rotational shifting cultivation (RSC) is commonly practiced in northern Thailand for upland rice cultivation, primarily for household consumption. However, the potential health risks from heavy metal contamination in these soils have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination of six heavy metals (Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), and Chromium (Cr)) in upland rice across RSC fields with varying fallow periods and assess the associated health risks from rice consumption. Four RSC fields with 5, 6, 10, and 12-year fallow periods were examined. The RSC-6Y and RSC-12Y fields were used for upland rice cultivation in 2022, while the RSC-5Y and RSC-10Y fields were cultivated in 2023. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was calculated, and translocation factors (TF) were assessed for the transfer of heavy metals from soil to straw (TFStraw/Soil), straw to grain (TFGrain/Straw), and soil to grain (TFGrain/Soil). The results indicated that after burning vegetation in the RSC fields, the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Hg were found in the ash. In RSC soils, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, and Hg levels were below reference standards, with Cd undetected. In rice grains, the order of concentration was Pb > Cu > Cr > As, with Hg and Cd undetected. Pb levels in rice grains exceeded the safety threshold. Igeo values indicated no contamination to moderate contamination across sites, with negative Igeo values for Cr and Cu, and zero values for Cd. The TF results showed limited transfer of As, Hg, and Cd from soil to rice plants (TFStraw/Soil < 0.1), but notable transfer for Pb, Cr, and Cu. Pb was readily transferred from soil to grain (TFGrain/Soil), posing a potential health risk. The study highlights potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from heavy metal exposure, particularly Pb, and underscores the need for further research to determine contamination sources and mitigation strategies.

轮作轮垦(RSC)是泰国北部高地水稻种植的普遍做法,主要用于家庭消费。然而,这些土壤中的重金属污染对健康的潜在风险尚未得到深入探讨。本研究旨在评估不同休耕期的 RSC 稻田高地水稻中六种重金属(砷 (As)、汞 (Hg)、镉 (Cd)、铅 (Pb)、铜 (Cu) 和铬 (Cr))的污染情况,并评估食用大米对健康造成的相关风险。对休耕期分别为 5 年、6 年、10 年和 12 年的四块 RSC 稻田进行了研究。RSC-6Y和RSC-12Y田块在2022年用于种植陆地水稻,而RSC-5Y和RSC-10Y田块则在2023年种植。计算了地理累积指数(Igeo),并评估了重金属从土壤到秸秆(TFStraw/Soil)、从秸秆到谷物(TFGrain/Straw)以及从土壤到谷物(TFGrain/Soil)的转移因子(TF)。结果表明,焚烧 RSC 田间植被后,灰烬中铅、铬和汞的浓度最高。在 RSC 土壤中,铜、铬、砷、铅和汞的含量低于参考标准,镉未被检测到。在水稻谷粒中,铅、铜、铬、砷的浓度顺序依次为铅、铜、铬、砷,未检测到汞和镉。米粒中的铅含量超过了安全阈值。各地点的 Igeo 值从无污染到中度污染不等,其中铬和铜的 Igeo 值为负值,镉的 Igeo 值为零。TF 结果显示,砷、汞和镉从土壤向水稻植株的转移有限(TFStraw/Soil < 0.1),但铅、铬和铜的转移显著。铅很容易从土壤转移到谷物(TFGrain/Soil),对健康构成潜在风险。该研究强调了重金属(尤其是铅)暴露的潜在非致癌和致癌风险,并强调了进一步研究确定污染源和缓解策略的必要性。
{"title":"Heavy metal contamination and potential health risks in upland rice-producing soils of rotational shifting cultivation in northern Thailand","authors":"Noppol Arunrat,&nbsp;Praeploy Kongsurakan,&nbsp;Sukanya Sereenonchai","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01023-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01023-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rotational shifting cultivation (RSC) is commonly practiced in northern Thailand for upland rice cultivation, primarily for household consumption. However, the potential health risks from heavy metal contamination in these soils have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination of six heavy metals (Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), and Chromium (Cr)) in upland rice across RSC fields with varying fallow periods and assess the associated health risks from rice consumption. Four RSC fields with 5, 6, 10, and 12-year fallow periods were examined. The RSC-6Y and RSC-12Y fields were used for upland rice cultivation in 2022, while the RSC-5Y and RSC-10Y fields were cultivated in 2023. The geo-accumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) was calculated, and translocation factors (TF) were assessed for the transfer of heavy metals from soil to straw (TF<sub>Straw/Soil</sub>), straw to grain (TF<sub>Grain/Straw</sub>), and soil to grain (TF<sub>Grain/Soil</sub>). The results indicated that after burning vegetation in the RSC fields, the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Hg were found in the ash. In RSC soils, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, and Hg levels were below reference standards, with Cd undetected. In rice grains, the order of concentration was Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Cr &gt; As, with Hg and Cd undetected. Pb levels in rice grains exceeded the safety threshold. I<sub>geo</sub> values indicated no contamination to moderate contamination across sites, with negative I<sub>geo</sub> values for Cr and Cu, and zero values for Cd. The TF results showed limited transfer of As, Hg, and Cd from soil to rice plants (TF<sub>Straw/Soil</sub> &lt; 0.1), but notable transfer for Pb, Cr, and Cu. Pb was readily transferred from soil to grain (TF<sub>Grain/Soil</sub>), posing a potential health risk. The study highlights potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from heavy metal exposure, particularly Pb, and underscores the need for further research to determine contamination sources and mitigation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01023-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbial biopesticides are inhibited by honey bee royal jelly and in vitro larval diet 蜜蜂蜂王浆和体外幼虫饮食对微生物生物农药的抑制作用
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01020-6
Daniel R. Schmehl, David Larsen, Camille Gomez, Lisa Ortego

The interest in and use of biological materials in crop production is increasing globally at a rapid pace. In many cases, testing methods for conventional chemicals are applied to microbial-based biopesticides because specific microbial test methods are lacking. However, not all methods are easily transferred to microbial-based products. An evaluation was conducted to determine if OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Guidance Document No. 239 on honey bee larval toxicity could be adapted to microbial pesticides. In our study, five microbes, including B. pumilus, B. thuringiensis, B. velezensis, Paenibacillus larvae, and Ascophaera apis were grown on agar media and spotted with either honey bee in vitro larval diet or royal jelly. We observed that the honey bee larval bee diet and royal jelly did not inhibit the fungal honey bee pathogen Ascophaera apis, yet inhibited the growth of bacteria, including a known honey bee larval pathogen. This finding may make the test unreliable for certain biopesticides. The OECD is considering biopesticide-specific testing guidelines, and the EPA has indicated it to update itsbiopesticide bee test guidelines. However, additional research is needed to determine which options may be feasible and provide the best improvements.

在全球范围内,人们对作物生产中使用生物材料的兴趣与日俱增。在许多情况下,由于缺乏特定的微生物测试方法,传统化学品的测试方法被应用于微生物生物农药。然而,并非所有方法都能轻易地应用于微生物产品。我们进行了一项评估,以确定 OECD(经济合作与发展组织)关于蜜蜂幼虫毒性的第 239 号指导文件能否适用于微生物农药。在我们的研究中,在琼脂培养基上培养了五种微生物,包括 B. pumilus、B. thuringiensis、B. velezensis、Paenibacillus larvae 和 Ascophaera apis,并用蜜蜂体外幼虫饮食或蜂王浆进行点染。我们观察到,蜜蜂幼虫饲料和蜂王浆对真菌蜜蜂病原体 Ascophaera apis 没有抑制作用,但却能抑制细菌的生长,包括一种已知的蜜蜂幼虫病原体。这一发现可能会使某些生物农药的试验变得不可靠。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)正在考虑制定针对生物农药的测试准则,美国环保署(EPA)也表示将更新其生物农药蜜蜂测试准则。不过,还需要进行更多的研究,以确定哪些方案可行并能提供最好的改进。
{"title":"Microbial biopesticides are inhibited by honey bee royal jelly and in vitro larval diet","authors":"Daniel R. Schmehl,&nbsp;David Larsen,&nbsp;Camille Gomez,&nbsp;Lisa Ortego","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01020-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01020-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interest in and use of biological materials in crop production is increasing globally at a rapid pace. In many cases, testing methods for conventional chemicals are applied to microbial-based biopesticides because specific microbial test methods are lacking. However, not all methods are easily transferred to microbial-based products. An evaluation was conducted to determine if OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Guidance Document No. 239 on honey bee larval toxicity could be adapted to microbial pesticides. In our study, five microbes, including <i>B. pumilus, B. thuringiensis, B. velezensis, Paenibacillus larvae, and Ascophaera apis</i> were grown on agar media and spotted with either honey bee in vitro larval diet or royal jelly. We observed that the honey bee larval bee diet and royal jelly did not inhibit the fungal honey bee pathogen <i>Ascophaera apis,</i> yet inhibited the growth of bacteria, including a known honey bee larval pathogen. This finding may make the test unreliable for certain biopesticides. The OECD is considering biopesticide-specific testing guidelines, and the EPA has indicated it to update itsbiopesticide bee test guidelines. However, additional research is needed to determine which options may be feasible and provide the best improvements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01020-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19 pandemic microplastics environmental impacts predicted by deep random forest (DRF) predictive model 用深度随机森林(DRF)预测模型预测 COVID-19 大流行病微塑料对环境的影响
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01019-z
Liping Chen, Arkan K. S. Sabonchi, Yaser A. Nanehkaran

Background

Microplastic pollution is a pressing issue with far-reaching environmental and public health consequences. This study delves into the intricacies of predicting microplastic pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, Iran.

Methods

The research introduces a rigorous comparative analysis that evaluates the predictive prowess of the Deep Random Forest algorithm and established benchmarks, such as Random Forest, Decision Trees, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, and Support Vector Machine. The evaluation process encompasses a meticulous 70–30 training–testing split of the main data set. Performance is assessed by analysis metrics, including ROC and statistical errors. The primary data set encompasses distinct categories, including household wastes, hospital wastes, clinics wastes, and unknown-originated susceptible waste which is categorized in Infected items, PPEs, SUPs, Test kits, Medical packages, Unknown-originated pandemic mircoplastic waste. Deliberately, this data set was partitioned into training and testing subsets, ensuring the robustness and reliability of subsequent analyses. Approximately 70% of the main database was allocated to the training data set, with the remaining 30% constituting the testing data set.

Results

The findings underscore the proposed algorithm’s supremacy, boasting an impressive AUC = 0.941. This exceptional score reflects the model’s precision in categorizing microplastics. These results have profound implications for environmental management and public health during pandemics.

Conclusions

The study positions the proposed model as a potent tool for microplastic pollution prediction, encouraging further research to refine predictive models and tap into new data sources for a more comprehensive understanding of microplastic dynamics in urban settings.

背景微塑料污染是一个紧迫的问题,对环境和公众健康有着深远的影响。本研究深入探讨了在伊朗德黑兰 COVID-19 大流行期间预测微塑料污染的复杂性。 方法本研究引入了严格的比较分析,评估深度随机森林算法与随机森林、决策树、梯度提升、AdaBoost 和支持向量机等既定基准的预测能力。评估过程包括对主要数据集进行细致的 70-30% 训练-测试分离。性能通过分析指标进行评估,包括 ROC 和统计误差。主数据集包含不同类别,包括家庭废物、医院废物、诊所废物和来源不明的易感废物,其中来源不明的易感废物又分为受感染物品、个人防护设备、SUP、检测包、医疗包和来源不明的大流行性贻误性废物。该数据集被有意划分为训练子集和测试子集,以确保后续分析的稳健性和可靠性。约 70% 的主数据库分配给了训练数据集,其余 30% 构成了测试数据集。这一优异成绩反映了该模型在微塑料分类方面的精确性。这些结果对大流行病期间的环境管理和公共卫生有着深远的影响。结论这项研究将提出的模型定位为预测微塑料污染的有力工具,鼓励进一步研究完善预测模型,并利用新的数据源更全面地了解城市环境中的微塑料动态。
{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic microplastics environmental impacts predicted by deep random forest (DRF) predictive model","authors":"Liping Chen,&nbsp;Arkan K. S. Sabonchi,&nbsp;Yaser A. Nanehkaran","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01019-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01019-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Microplastic pollution is a pressing issue with far-reaching environmental and public health consequences. This study delves into the intricacies of predicting microplastic pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, Iran.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The research introduces a rigorous comparative analysis that evaluates the predictive prowess of the Deep Random Forest algorithm and established benchmarks, such as Random Forest, Decision Trees, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, and Support Vector Machine. The evaluation process encompasses a meticulous 70–30 training–testing split of the main data set. Performance is assessed by analysis metrics, including ROC and statistical errors. The primary data set encompasses distinct categories, including household wastes, hospital wastes, clinics wastes, and unknown-originated susceptible waste which is categorized in Infected items, PPEs, SUPs, Test kits, Medical packages, Unknown-originated pandemic mircoplastic waste. Deliberately, this data set was partitioned into training and testing subsets, ensuring the robustness and reliability of subsequent analyses. Approximately 70% of the main database was allocated to the training data set, with the remaining 30% constituting the testing data set.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings underscore the proposed algorithm’s supremacy, boasting an impressive AUC = 0.941. This exceptional score reflects the model’s precision in categorizing microplastics. These results have profound implications for environmental management and public health during pandemics.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study positions the proposed model as a potent tool for microplastic pollution prediction, encouraging further research to refine predictive models and tap into new data sources for a more comprehensive understanding of microplastic dynamics in urban settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01019-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is environmental risk assessment possible with the alternatives to acute fish toxicity test? Case study with pharmaceuticals 用急性鱼类毒性试验的替代品进行环境风险评估可行吗?药品案例研究
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01015-3
Marie Mlnaříková, Marek Pípal, Lucie Bláhová, Luděk Bláha

Background

Acute fish toxicity test (AFT) is one of the cornerstones of environmental risk assessment (ERA) of chemicals for the aquatic environment. Despite many efforts to find an alternative able to fully replace the test, there is still lasting pressure from stakeholders for AFT results.

Results

Here, we present the results of a case study with eight pharmaceuticals from various pharmaceutical groups with different levels of expected toxicity to fish. Selected compounds were tested in two validated alternative tests—fish embryo toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio) (zFET) and in vitro RTgill-W1 assay according to their corresponding OECD guidelines TG 236 and TG 249, respectively. Data for AFT were collected from PubMed and ECOTOX knowledgebase databases, and acute toxicity to fish was further predicted in silico by the ECOSAR program. Predicted environmental risks (risk quotients, RQ, calculated using the exposure data from NORMAN) from both zFET and RTgill-W1 well correlated with the average RQs based on AFT LC50s. The strongest and most significant correlation was observed while comparing the AFT results with the median of combined alternative methods (zFET, RTgill-W1, ECOSAR).

Conclusions

This proposed approach combining experimental data with modeling could serve as a reliable tool for predictions of environmental risks promoting the 3R alternatives to acute fish toxicity testing.

背景急性鱼类毒性试验(AFT)是对水生环境中的化学品进行环境风险评估(ERA)的基石之一。尽管为找到一种能够完全取代该试验的替代方法做出了许多努力,但利益相关者对急性鱼类毒性试验结果的压力仍然持续存在。结果在此,我们介绍了一项案例研究的结果,研究对象是来自不同制药集团、对鱼类具有不同程度预期毒性的八种药物。根据相应的 OECD 指南 TG 236 和 TG 249,对选定的化合物进行了两种有效替代试验--斑马鱼(Danio rerio)鱼胚胎毒性试验(zFET)和体外 RTgill-W1 试验。从 PubMed 和 ECOTOX 知识库中收集了 AFT 数据,并通过 ECOSAR 程序对鱼类的急性毒性进行了进一步预测。zFET 和 RTgill-W1 预测的环境风险(风险商数,RQ,利用 NORMAN 的暴露数据计算得出)与基于 AFT 半数致死浓度的平均风险商数有很好的相关性。在将 AFT 结果与综合替代方法(zFET、RTgill-W1、ECOSAR)的中位数进行比较时,观察到了最强且最显著的相关性。
{"title":"Is environmental risk assessment possible with the alternatives to acute fish toxicity test? Case study with pharmaceuticals","authors":"Marie Mlnaříková,&nbsp;Marek Pípal,&nbsp;Lucie Bláhová,&nbsp;Luděk Bláha","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01015-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01015-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acute fish toxicity test (AFT) is one of the cornerstones of environmental risk assessment (ERA) of chemicals for the aquatic environment. Despite many efforts to find an alternative able to fully replace the test, there is still lasting pressure from stakeholders for AFT results. </p><h3>Results</h3><p>Here, we present the results of a case study with eight pharmaceuticals from various pharmaceutical groups with different levels of expected toxicity to fish. Selected compounds were tested in two validated alternative tests—fish embryo toxicity test with zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) (zFET) and in vitro RTgill-W1 assay according to their corresponding OECD guidelines TG 236 and TG 249, respectively. Data for AFT were collected from PubMed and ECOTOX knowledgebase databases, and acute toxicity to fish was further predicted in silico by the ECOSAR program. Predicted environmental risks (risk quotients, RQ, calculated using the exposure data from NORMAN) from both zFET and RTgill-W1 well correlated with the average RQs based on AFT LC50s. The strongest and most significant correlation was observed while comparing the AFT results with the median of combined alternative methods (zFET, RTgill-W1, ECOSAR).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This proposed approach combining experimental data with modeling could serve as a reliable tool for predictions of environmental risks promoting the 3R alternatives to acute fish toxicity testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01015-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GhGME31D identified to regulate AsA activation in response to alkali stress from GME gene family implications in cotton 从 GME 基因家族对棉花碱胁迫的影响中发现 GhGME31D 可调控 AsA 的激活
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01014-4
Xiao Chen, Yapeng Fan, Hongyu Nan, Cun Rui, Jing Zhang, Menghao Zhang, Yuping Sun, Lidong Wang, Zhining Yang, Ruize Song, Fange Wu, Shuai Wang, Lixue Guo, Xiugui Chen, Xuke Lu, Xiaoping Zhu, Ning Wang, Keyun Feng, Kunpeng Zhang, Wuwei Ye

Vitamin C, also referred to as ascorbic acid (AsA), is recognized for its capacity to cure and avert scurvy, and it is crucial for regular human growth and development. In various crops, AsA participates in stress response mechanisms mediated by abscisic acid and has been discovered to have a crucial function in the morphogenesis, growth, development, and production of male gametes in plants. GDP-D-mannose 3′,5′-epimerase (GME) is essential in the synthesis of vitamin C. Our research identified 91, 83, 51, and 46 genes, respectively, found in G. barbadense (GbGMEs), G. hirsutum (GhGMEs), G. arboretum (GaGMEs), and G. raimondii (GrGMEs). Plants resulting from VIGS infection with GhGME31D clearly showed yellowing, water loss and wilting of leaves and black spots on stems. Measurement of MDA and AsA levels indicated that the plants were more damaged. This indicates that AsA has a substantial impact on plant growth and development.

维生素 C 又称抗坏血酸(AsA),因其能够治疗和避免坏血病而被公认,对人体的正常生长和发育也至关重要。在各种作物中,AsA 参与脱落酸介导的应激反应机制,并被发现在植物的形态发生、生长、发育和雄性配子的产生中具有重要功能。我们的研究发现,在 G. barbadense(GbGMEs)、G. hirsutum(GhGMEs)、G. arboretum(GaGMEs)和 G. raimondii(GrGMEs)中分别发现了 91、83、51 和 46 个基因。VIGS 感染 GhGME31D 后的植株明显出现叶片变黄、失水和枯萎,茎上出现黑斑。MDA 和 AsA 水平的测量结果表明,植物受到的损害更大。这表明 AsA 对植物的生长和发育有很大影响。
{"title":"GhGME31D identified to regulate AsA activation in response to alkali stress from GME gene family implications in cotton","authors":"Xiao Chen,&nbsp;Yapeng Fan,&nbsp;Hongyu Nan,&nbsp;Cun Rui,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Menghao Zhang,&nbsp;Yuping Sun,&nbsp;Lidong Wang,&nbsp;Zhining Yang,&nbsp;Ruize Song,&nbsp;Fange Wu,&nbsp;Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Lixue Guo,&nbsp;Xiugui Chen,&nbsp;Xuke Lu,&nbsp;Xiaoping Zhu,&nbsp;Ning Wang,&nbsp;Keyun Feng,&nbsp;Kunpeng Zhang,&nbsp;Wuwei Ye","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01014-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01014-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vitamin C, also referred to as ascorbic acid (AsA), is recognized for its capacity to cure and avert scurvy, and it is crucial for regular human growth and development. In various crops, AsA participates in stress response mechanisms mediated by abscisic acid and has been discovered to have a crucial function in the morphogenesis, growth, development, and production of male gametes in plants. GDP-D-mannose 3′,5′-epimerase (GME) is essential in the synthesis of vitamin C. Our research identified 91, 83, 51, and 46 genes, respectively, found in G. <i>barbadense </i>(GbGMEs), G<i>. hirsutum </i>(GhGMEs), G. <i>arboretum </i>(GaGMEs), and G. <i>raimondii </i>(GrGMEs). Plants resulting from VIGS infection with GhGME31D clearly showed yellowing, water loss and wilting of leaves and black spots on stems. Measurement of MDA and AsA levels indicated that the plants were more damaged. This indicates that AsA has a substantial impact on plant growth and development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01014-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to measure the impact of landsenses ecology on sustainable development? A review of people-oriented emerging approaches 如何衡量景观生态学对可持续发展的影响?以人为本的新兴方法综述
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01010-8
Zhang Lan

At present, the research of sustainable development is developing from a single local problem to a multi-scale, transdisciplinary and comprehensive study. The evaluation and monitoring of its progress need to adopt multi-disciplinary research methods and multi-dimensional, multi-scale identification mechanism. Landsenses ecology is an emerging scientific system that uses the basic principles of ecology to study the sustainable development of land-use planning, construction, and management from the aspects of natural elements, physical senses, psychological perceptions, social economy, process and risk. It provides an effective way for the multi-disciplinary integration research of the relationship between human and ecosystem, and provides an important method and theory for the sustainable transformation research of environmental system and social–economic system, and plays an important role in guiding and realizing the beneficial impact of human on natural ecosystem. This study describes 57 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2016 and 2024, using qualitative content analysis, and discusses the impact of landsenses ecology on the way sustainable development is perceived and practiced. The results suggest that the role of landsenses ecology in the creation of sustainable vision resonance and behavior is crucial to the study of sustainable transformation and will help to explore effective strategies for using intrinsic sustainable transformation as a deep leverage point.

当前,可持续发展研究正从单一的局部问题向多尺度、跨学科的综合研究发展。对其进展的评估和监测需要采用多学科的研究方法和多维度、多尺度的识别机制。土地生态学是利用生态学的基本原理,从自然要素、物理感官、心理认知、社会经济、过程和风险等方面研究土地利用规划、建设和管理的可持续发展的新兴科学体系。它为人类与生态系统关系的多学科融合研究提供了有效途径,为环境系统和社会经济系统的可持续转型研究提供了重要方法和理论,为指导和实现人类对自然生态系统的有益影响发挥了重要作用。本研究采用定性内容分析法,描述了 2016 年至 2024 年间发表在同行评审期刊上的 57 篇文章,探讨了景观生态学对可持续发展的认知和实践方式的影响。研究结果表明,景观生态学在建立可持续愿景共鸣和行为中的作用对可持续转型研究至关重要,有助于探索以内在可持续转型为深度杠杆点的有效策略。
{"title":"How to measure the impact of landsenses ecology on sustainable development? A review of people-oriented emerging approaches","authors":"Zhang Lan","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01010-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01010-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At present, the research of sustainable development is developing from a single local problem to a multi-scale, transdisciplinary and comprehensive study. The evaluation and monitoring of its progress need to adopt multi-disciplinary research methods and multi-dimensional, multi-scale identification mechanism. Landsenses ecology is an emerging scientific system that uses the basic principles of ecology to study the sustainable development of land-use planning, construction, and management from the aspects of natural elements, physical senses, psychological perceptions, social economy, process and risk. It provides an effective way for the multi-disciplinary integration research of the relationship between human and ecosystem, and provides an important method and theory for the sustainable transformation research of environmental system and social–economic system, and plays an important role in guiding and realizing the beneficial impact of human on natural ecosystem. This study describes 57 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2016 and 2024, using qualitative content analysis, and discusses the impact of landsenses ecology on the way sustainable development is perceived and practiced. The results suggest that the role of landsenses ecology in the creation of sustainable vision resonance and behavior is crucial to the study of sustainable transformation and will help to explore effective strategies for using intrinsic sustainable transformation as a deep leverage point.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01010-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1