Cardiovascular Risk Estimation and Stratification Among Individuals with Hypercholesterolemia.

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI:10.1007/s11883-024-01225-3

Giosiana Bosco, Reed Mszar, Salvatore Piro, Pierre Sabouret, Antonio Gallo

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Abstract

Purpose of the review: This review aims to assess the variability in considering hypercholesterolemia for cardiovascular risk stratification in the general population. Recent literature on the integration of hypercholesterolemia into clinical risk scores and its interaction with other risk factors will be explored.

Recent findings: The impact of hypercholesterolemia on risk estimation varies among different cardiovascular risk calculators. Elevated lipid levels during early life stages contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development, influencing disease severity despite later treatment initiation. The interplay between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), inflammatory markers and non-LDL lipid parameters enhances cardiovascular risk stratification. Studies have also examined the role of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score as a negative risk marker in populations with severe hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, polygenic risk scores (PRS) may aid in diagnosing non-monogenic hypercholesterolemia, refining cardiovascular risk stratification and guiding lipid-lowering therapy strategies. Understanding the heterogeneity in risk estimation and the role of emerging biomarkers and imaging techniques is crucial for optimizing cardiovascular risk prediction and guiding personalized treatment strategies in individuals with hypercholesterolemia.

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高胆固醇血症患者的心血管风险估计和分层。

综述目的：本综述旨在评估在对普通人群进行心血管风险分层时考虑高胆固醇血症的差异性。将探讨将高胆固醇血症纳入临床风险评分及其与其他风险因素相互作用的最新文献：不同的心血管风险计算器对高胆固醇血症对风险估计的影响各不相同。生命早期的血脂水平升高会促进动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成，影响疾病的严重程度，尽管后来开始了治疗。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLc）、炎症指标和非低密度脂蛋白脂质参数之间的相互作用加强了心血管风险分层。研究还探讨了冠状动脉钙（CAC）评分在严重高胆固醇血症人群中作为负面风险标志物的作用。此外，多基因风险评分（PRS）可帮助诊断非单源性高胆固醇血症、完善心血管风险分层并指导降脂治疗策略。了解风险估计的异质性以及新兴生物标志物和成像技术的作用，对于优化高胆固醇血症患者的心血管风险预测和指导个性化治疗策略至关重要。

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来源期刊

Current Atherosclerosis Reports 医学-

CiteScore

9.00

自引率

3.40%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The aim of this journal is to systematically provide expert views on current basic science and clinical advances in the field of atherosclerosis and highlight the most important developments likely to transform the field of cardiovascular prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We accomplish this aim by appointing major authorities to serve as Section Editors who select leading experts from around the world to provide definitive reviews on key topics and papers published in the past year. We also provide supplementary reviews and commentaries from well-known figures in the field. An Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.

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