And the Oscar goes to… – Species-specific ant behaviour related to predator defence in ant-mimicking spiders

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Austral Ecology Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI:10.1111/aec.13553
Robert Perger, Gonzalo D. Rubio, Julián E. Baigorria
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Abstract

Mimicry, the superficial resemblance between organisms of two or more species, is considered a textbook example for natural selection, for which it is assumed that predators are important selective agents. Ant mimicking spiders have received considerable attention in studies on mimicry because they include examples with remarkable, species-specific morphological adaptations. Ant-like behaviours such as erratic locomotory patterns, abdomen bobbing and vertical movements of the first or second pair of legs to imitate antennal movements, are assumed to have evolved before morphological mimicry and may be considered adaptations to general ant resemblance. Species-specific behavioural ant mimicry (behaviour that is only observed in specific ants and imitated by their mimics) was very rarely documented and ant resembling behaviour that repels predator attacks has not been confirmed yet. In this study we report and discuss such species-specific behaviour, a spray display (SD), in the castianeirine spiders Myrmecotypus iguazu (a morphologically accurate mimic of the carpenter ant Camponotus sericeiventris), and M. tahyinandu (a morphologically accurate mimic of C. crassus). The SD consisted of the raising of the cephalothorax and moving of the abdomen ventrally under the cephalothorax, pointing the apex forward, and holding the antennae (ant) or first pair of legs (spiders) at an angle of about 45°–120°. The morphological adaptations that are required to perform the SD and the lack of an alternative explanation for the purpose of this display suggest that the SD has evolved to enhance both general behavioural and morphologically accurate ant resemblance. The two observed Myrmecotypus species may be considered the behaviorally most accurate ant-resembling spiders known to date, as the SD may provide protection against spider- and ant-eating predators at a point in predator interactions where other myrmecomorph spiders may abandon their ant-resembling behaviour.

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奥斯卡奖颁给了...... - 模仿蚂蚁的蜘蛛的特定物种蚂蚁行为与捕食者防御有关
拟态,即两个或两个以上物种的生物之间表面上的相似,被认为是自然选择的一个教科书式的例子,人们假定捕食者是自然选择的重要选择因素。蚂蚁拟态蜘蛛在拟态研究中备受关注,因为它们具有显著的、物种特有的形态适应性。类似蚂蚁的行为,如不规则的运动模式、腹部晃动和第一或第二对腿的垂直运动以模仿蚂蚁的触角运动,被认为是在形态模仿之前就已经进化出来的,可以被认为是对一般蚂蚁相似性的适应。物种特异性的蚂蚁行为模仿(只在特定蚂蚁身上观察到并被模仿者模仿的行为)很少有文献记载,而蚂蚁的相似行为能击退捕食者的攻击也尚未得到证实。在这项研究中,我们报告并讨论了蓖麻蜘蛛 Myrmecotypus iguazu(形态上准确模仿木匠蚁 Camponotus sericeiventris)和 M. tahyinandu(形态上准确模仿 C. crassus)的这种物种特异性行为--喷雾显示(SD)。SD包括抬起头胸、腹部向头胸部下方腹侧移动、先端指向前方以及将触角(蚂蚁)或第一对腿(蜘蛛)保持在约45°-120°的角度。进行 "自毁 "所需的形态学适应以及缺乏对这种展示目的的其他解释表明,"自毁 "是为了增强一般行为和形态学上准确的蚂蚁相似性而进化的。观察到的这两种蚁蛛可能被认为是迄今为止已知的行为学上最精确的蚂蚁拟态蜘蛛,因为在捕食者相互作用的过程中,其他蚁蛛可能会放弃它们的蚂蚁拟态行为,而自毁行为可能会提供保护,使其免受蜘蛛和蚂蚁捕食者的攻击。
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来源期刊
Austral Ecology
Austral Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Austral Ecology is the premier journal for basic and applied ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. As the official Journal of The Ecological Society of Australia (ESA), Austral Ecology addresses the commonality between ecosystems in Australia and many parts of southern Africa, South America, New Zealand and Oceania. For example many species in the unique biotas of these regions share common Gondwana ancestors. ESA''s aim is to publish innovative research to encourage the sharing of information and experiences that enrich the understanding of the ecology of the Southern Hemisphere. Austral Ecology involves an editorial board with representatives from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Brazil and Argentina. These representatives provide expert opinions, access to qualified reviewers and act as a focus for attracting a wide range of contributions from countries across the region. Austral Ecology publishes original papers describing experimental, observational or theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine or freshwater systems, which are considered without taxonomic bias. Special thematic issues are published regularly, including symposia on the ecology of estuaries and soft sediment habitats, freshwater systems and coral reef fish.
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