Kiran H. Shetty , Ditixa T. Desai , Hetal P. Patel , Dinesh O. Shah , Mark D.P. Willcox , Furqan A. Maulvi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Contact lenses are emerging as a promising platform for non-invasive biosensing of various biomarkers in tear fluid. This review covers recent advances in developing contact lens-based biosensors for detecting glucose, lactate, intraocular pressure, matrix metalloproteinases, and cancer biomarkers. Photonic crystal-based colorimetric sensors exploiting the diffraction of visible light have shown great potential for continuous monitoring of tear glucose levels. Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors integrated into contact lenses have also been explored for detecting lactate and glucose. Novel sensing approaches based on microfluidics, antiopal photonic structures, cantilevers, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates have enabled non-invasive measurement of intraocular pressure, inflammatory biomarkers like MMP-9, and cancer exosomes in tear fluid. Contact lens-based biosensors offer the unique advantages of being non-invasive, providing a direct sample interface, enabling continuous monitoring, and integrating multiple sensing modalities. However, challenges related to enzyme stability, calibration, manufacturing scalability, sterilization, and regulatory approval need to be addressed before widespread clinical implementation. Overall, this multidisciplinary field combining contact lenses with advanced biosensing technologies holds immense potential for transforming healthcare through predictive, preventive, and personalized monitoring of ocular and systemic conditions.
期刊介绍：
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas:
• Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results.
• Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon.
• Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays.
• Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers.
Etc...
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