Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献

英文中文

Focus-switchable piezoelectric actuator: A bionic thin-plate design inspired by conch structure 聚焦可切换压电致动器：受海螺结构启发的仿生薄板设计

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115921

Traditional camera zoom mechanisms, relying on stepper motors and intricate transmission components, suffer from bulky designs that restrict their applicability in compact systems. This study presents a novel piezoelectric focus-switchable mechanism (PFSM) directly driven by a biomimetic radial-mode piezoelectric actuator (RMPA) with inclined driving structure mimicking the conch shell. The PFSM utilizes rotational motion for optical zoom, providing a more compact and efficient alternative to conventional linear motion-based systems. By utilizing finite element method (FEM) optimization, we developed a compact prototype (34 × 34 × 3 mm³, 14.83 g) and experimentally verified its performance, achieving a peak rotational speed of 1573.14 RPM, torque output of 3.6 mN·m, and step displacement resolution of 45.8 μrad. These attributes enable smooth lens module switching for optical zoom, thus demonstrating the mechanism’s feasibility. Importantly, the PFSM offers precise positioning without relying on additional transmission parts and features a self-locking capability when de-energized, rendering it an ideal choice for camera zoom applications. In summary, this study underscores the PFSM’s potential as a compact, lightweight, and efficient camera zoom mechanism, contributing meaningfully to the field of imaging technology and optical systems.

传统的相机变焦机构依赖于步进电机和复杂的传动部件，其笨重的设计限制了其在紧凑型系统中的应用。本研究提出了一种新型压电聚焦可切换机构（PFSM），由仿生径向模式压电致动器（RMPA）直接驱动，具有模仿海螺壳的倾斜驱动结构。PFSM 利用旋转运动实现光学变焦，与传统的基于线性运动的系统相比，提供了一种更紧凑、更高效的替代方案。通过利用有限元法（FEM）进行优化，我们开发出了一个紧凑型原型（34 × 34 × 3 mm³，14.83 g），并通过实验验证了其性能，实现了 1573.14 RPM 的峰值转速、3.6 mN-m 的扭矩输出和 45.8 μrad 的阶跃位移分辨率。这些特性实现了光学变焦镜头模块的平滑切换，从而证明了该机构的可行性。重要的是，PFSM 无需依赖额外的传动部件即可实现精确定位，并且在断电时具有自锁功能，是相机变焦应用的理想选择。总之，这项研究强调了 PFSM 作为一种紧凑、轻便、高效的相机变焦机构的潜力，为成像技术和光学系统领域做出了有意义的贡献。

{"title":"Focus-switchable piezoelectric actuator: A bionic thin-plate design inspired by conch structure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional camera zoom mechanisms, relying on stepper motors and intricate transmission components, suffer from bulky designs that restrict their applicability in compact systems. This study presents a novel piezoelectric focus-switchable mechanism (PFSM) directly driven by a biomimetic radial-mode piezoelectric actuator (RMPA) with inclined driving structure mimicking the conch shell. The PFSM utilizes rotational motion for optical zoom, providing a more compact and efficient alternative to conventional linear motion-based systems. By utilizing finite element method (FEM) optimization, we developed a compact prototype (34 × 34 × 3 mm³, 14.83 g) and experimentally verified its performance, achieving a peak rotational speed of 1573.14 RPM, torque output of 3.6 mN·m, and step displacement resolution of 45.8 μrad. These attributes enable smooth lens module switching for optical zoom, thus demonstrating the mechanism’s feasibility. Importantly, the PFSM offers precise positioning without relying on additional transmission parts and features a self-locking capability when de-energized, rendering it an ideal choice for camera zoom applications. In summary, this study underscores the PFSM’s potential as a compact, lightweight, and efficient camera zoom mechanism, contributing meaningfully to the field of imaging technology and optical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-selectivity NIR amorphous silicon-based plasmonic photodetector at room temperature 室温下的高选择性近红外非晶硅质子光电探测器

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115925

This study employed amorphous materials to construct a Near-Infrared (NIR) photodetector, enabling optical sensing over a non-crystalline platform. Utilizing an Au/a-Si Schottky junction with an interfacial oxide layer, the device showcased its capability as a NIR photodetector, effectively operating within a wavelength range of up to 1700 nm. Remarkably, it exhibited significant surface plasmon resonance peaks with high selectivity, a full-width at half-maximum of less than 3°, and a sensitivity of −33.3 dBm, demonstrated at room temperature and zero-biasing conditions. Barrier lowering under biasing further increases the device's responsivity by an order of magnitude, revealing absorption capabilities that exceed the material's intrinsic bandgap limitations. This advancement opens the door to developing highly selective detectors using cost-effective amorphous materials and straightforward design. Additionally, a-Si-based photodetectors contribute to environmental preservation as they do not contain toxic heavy metals, establishing them as one of the most Eco-friendly detection solutions.

这项研究利用非晶材料构建了一个近红外（NIR）光电探测器，从而在非晶平台上实现了光学传感。利用带有界面氧化层的金/硅肖特基结，该器件展示了其作为近红外光电探测器的能力，可在高达 1700 纳米的波长范围内有效工作。值得注意的是，该器件在室温和零偏压条件下表现出明显的表面等离子体共振峰，具有高选择性，半最大全宽小于 3°，灵敏度为 -33.3 dBm。偏压下的势垒降低进一步将器件的响应率提高了一个数量级，显示出超越材料固有带隙限制的吸收能力。这一进步为利用成本效益高的非晶材料和简单的设计开发高选择性探测器打开了大门。此外，基于非晶硅的光电探测器不含有毒重金属，是最环保的检测解决方案之一，有助于保护环境。

引用次数: 0

2D beam steering using phased array of MEMS tunable grating couplers 利用相控阵 MEMS 可调光栅耦合器实现二维光束转向

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115915

This paper describes a two-dimensional (2D) optical beam steering system using a one-dimensional (1D) optical phased array of 1D micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) tunable grating couplers. Tuning the incremental phase difference β between the elements of an optical phased array is used to steer the beam in one direction (say, transverse). At the same time, the MEMS tuning of the individual grating couplers steers the beam in the perpendicular direction (longitudinal). A beam steering of ∼35° could be demonstrated along the transverse direction by varying β from −70° to 70°. The beam steering was ∼19° along the longitudinal direction by applying a potential difference of ∼ 1.6 volts to the MEMS tunable grating couplers. The beam width of the device with a mechanically and optically designed aperture of 100 μm × 100 μm is ∼ 1.75° × 0.82°. The beam width further reduces to ∼ 0.15° × 0.5° when the aperture increases to 1 mm × 0.2 mm. The 100 μm × 100 μm aperture supports a beam steering frequency of up to ∼ 50 kHz, comparable to the available state-of-the-art devices using other technologies like wavelength tuning (WT) and 2D phased arrays. The maximum voltage required by this MEMS is only around 1.6 volts, resulting in simple circuitry and low power consumption.

本文介绍了一种二维（2D）光束转向系统，该系统使用由一维（1D）微机电系统（MEMS）可调光栅耦合器组成的一维（1D）光学相控阵。调谐光学相控阵元件之间的增量相位差 β 可用于将光束转向一个方向（例如横向）。与此同时，对单个光栅耦合器进行微机电系统调谐可将光束转向垂直方向（纵向）。通过将 β 从 -70° 变为 70°，可在横向方向上实现 ∼35° 的光束转向。通过对 MEMS 可调光栅耦合器施加 1.6 伏的电位差，光束沿纵向方向的转向为 19°。该装置的光束宽度为 1.75° × 0.82°，其机械和光学设计孔径为 100 μm × 100 μm。当孔径增大到 1 mm × 0.2 mm 时，光束宽度进一步减小到 ∼ 0.15° × 0.5°。100 μm × 100 μm 的孔径支持高达 ∼ 50 kHz 的光束转向频率，与采用其他技术（如波长调谐（WT）和二维相控阵）的现有先进设备相当。这种微机电系统所需的最大电压仅为 1.6 伏左右，因此电路简单，功耗低。

{"title":"2D beam steering using phased array of MEMS tunable grating couplers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes a two-dimensional (2D) optical beam steering system using a one-dimensional (1D) optical phased array of 1D micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) tunable grating couplers. Tuning the incremental phase difference β between the elements of an optical phased array is used to steer the beam in one direction (say, transverse). At the same time, the MEMS tuning of the individual grating couplers steers the beam in the perpendicular direction (longitudinal). A beam steering of ∼35° could be demonstrated along the transverse direction by varying <em>β</em> from −70° to 70°. The beam steering was ∼19° along the longitudinal direction by applying a potential difference of ∼ 1.6 volts to the MEMS tunable grating couplers. The beam width of the device with a mechanically and optically designed aperture of 100 μm × 100 μm is ∼ 1.75° × 0.82°. The beam width further reduces to ∼ 0.15° × 0.5° when the aperture increases to 1 mm × 0.2 mm. The 100 μm × 100 μm aperture supports a beam steering frequency of up to ∼ 50 kHz, comparable to the available state-of-the-art devices using other technologies like wavelength tuning (WT) and 2D phased arrays. The maximum voltage required by this MEMS is only around 1.6 volts, resulting in simple circuitry and low power consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of material anisotropy on the first-order vibration of piezoelectric oscillators in circular plate configurations 材料各向异性对圆板构型压电振子一阶振动的影响

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115918

Valveless piezoelectric pumps are widely used in microfluidic actuation because of their simple structure, ease of integration, absence of electromagnetic interference, minimal valve wear, and absence of frequency–response lag issues. These pumps primarily rely on chamber volume changes, causing most piezoelectric oscillators to operate in the first-order vibration mode. However, recent studies on valveless piezoelectric pumps have observed that many pumps exhibit two flow peaks at similar operating frequencies; the underlying mechanism behind this anomaly remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of substrate metal on the first-order vibrations of piezoelectric oscillators. By conducting tensile tests on rolled pure copper sheets, we measured Poisson's ratio and the elastic modulus in both the parallel and perpendicular rolling directions. Subsequently, we derived the natural frequencies on the plane. Experimental verification of the theoretical predictions was achieved through amplitude experiments conducted on piezoelectric oscillators in air. The dual-peak flow phenomenon was demonstrated to be solely related to the substrate metal of the piezoelectric oscillator. This is attributed to the presence of two first-order vibration natural frequencies on the plane of the substrate metal, resulting in the generation of two amplitude peaks and consequently the appearance of two flow peaks.

无阀压电泵因其结构简单、易于集成、无电磁干扰、阀门磨损最小以及不存在频率响应滞后问题而广泛应用于微流控领域。这些泵主要依靠腔体容积变化，导致大多数压电振荡器在一阶振动模式下工作。然而，最近对无阀压电泵的研究发现，许多泵在相似的工作频率下会出现两个流量峰值；这种异常现象背后的潜在机制仍未得到充分探索。在本研究中，我们研究了基底金属对压电振荡器一阶振动的影响。通过对轧制纯铜板进行拉伸试验，我们测量了平行和垂直轧制方向的泊松比和弹性模量。随后，我们得出了平面上的自然频率。通过在空气中的压电振荡器上进行振幅实验，对理论预测进行了实验验证。实验证明，双峰流动现象只与压电振子的基底金属有关。这是因为基底金属平面上存在两个一阶振动固有频率，从而产生两个振幅峰值，进而出现两个流动峰值。

{"title":"Effect of material anisotropy on the first-order vibration of piezoelectric oscillators in circular plate configurations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Valveless piezoelectric pumps are widely used in microfluidic actuation because of their simple structure, ease of integration, absence of electromagnetic interference, minimal valve wear, and absence of frequency–response lag issues. These pumps primarily rely on chamber volume changes, causing most piezoelectric oscillators to operate in the first-order vibration mode. However, recent studies on valveless piezoelectric pumps have observed that many pumps exhibit two flow peaks at similar operating frequencies; the underlying mechanism behind this anomaly remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of substrate metal on the first-order vibrations of piezoelectric oscillators. By conducting tensile tests on rolled pure copper sheets, we measured Poisson's ratio and the elastic modulus in both the parallel and perpendicular rolling directions. Subsequently, we derived the natural frequencies on the plane. Experimental verification of the theoretical predictions was achieved through amplitude experiments conducted on piezoelectric oscillators in air. The dual-peak flow phenomenon was demonstrated to be solely related to the substrate metal of the piezoelectric oscillator. This is attributed to the presence of two first-order vibration natural frequencies on the plane of the substrate metal, resulting in the generation of two amplitude peaks and consequently the appearance of two flow peaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methods of fabrication and modeling of CMUTs – A review CMUT 的制造和建模方法 - 综述

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115914

Widespread use of capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs) has motivated the development of a variety of methods for their fabrication and modeling. The choice of methodology strongly depends on the application of the transducer being developed, e.g., for medical ultrasound, bioseinsing, distance/level estimation, non-destructive testing, etc. At the same time, CMUTs may have diverse shape and can be implemented in the form of single elements, 2D- or even 3D-arrays. Researchers and developers face a problem of choosing the most suitable approach to obtain the best results. The present study reports a summary analysis of the most used techniques for fabrication and modeling in the field of CMUTs.

电容式微机械超声换能器（CMUT）的广泛应用促使人们开发了各种方法来制作和模拟这些换能器。方法的选择在很大程度上取决于换能器的应用领域，如医用超声、生物测定、距离/电平估算、无损检测等。同时，CMUT 的形状多种多样，可以采用单个元件、二维甚至三维阵列的形式。研究人员和开发人员面临着选择最合适的方法以获得最佳结果的问题。本研究报告总结分析了 CMUT 领域最常用的制造和建模技术。

引用次数: 0

A plant based electrochemical device with transistor like behavior 具有类似晶体管行为的植物电化学装置

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115909

Since its invention, transistor has become the fundamental building block of virtually all of today’s integrated circuits which constitute the electronics technology. In the present letter, we report the vegetal version of a self-powered electrochemical transistor, i.e., a device with an inherent energy source which exhibits energy-converting and amplifying-modulating properties. Surprisingly, at the interface constituted by the surface of an n-type germanium sample and a vegetal slice it become apparent that the surface of the n-type germanium passing anodic current acts as a multiplying collector for holes. Experimental transconductance characteristics show well-defined the cut-off, active and saturation regions. Likewise, since the collector is itself part of an electrolytic cell, device incorporates its own power supply. Thereby, it is able to reproduce an analogical AC signal via the DC electrolytic cell voltage. Furthermore, one of the most outstanding properties of the transistors is their DC current gain (h_FE), which for commercially available small-signal transistors typically ranges 50–350, and for medium power transistors 15–70. The proposed device presents an h_FE of 70 and 40 for the potato and apple based transistors respectively. Genuinely, this approach opens an alternative route for the development of a novel green electronics based on self-powered vegetative devices. Genuinely, this approach opens an alternative route for the development of a novel green electronics based on self-powered vegetative devices which could works as sensing devices for monitoring living plants during sow and harvest.

晶体管自发明以来，已成为当今电子技术中几乎所有集成电路的基本构件。在这封信中，我们报告了自供电电化学晶体管的植物版本，即一种具有固有能源的装置，它具有能量转换和放大调节特性。令人惊讶的是，在由 n 型锗样品表面和植物切片构成的界面上，通过阳极电流的 n 型锗表面显然起到了空穴倍增集电极的作用。实验中的跨导特性表明，截止区、活跃区和饱和区都非常清晰。同样，由于集电极本身就是电解槽的一部分，因此该器件还自带电源。因此，它能够通过直流电解槽电压再现模拟交流信号。此外，晶体管最突出的特性之一是其直流电流增益（hFE），市售小信号晶体管的 hFE 通常为 50-350，中功率晶体管为 15-70。对于基于马铃薯和苹果的晶体管，所提出的器件的 hFE 分别为 70 和 40。实际上，这种方法为开发基于自供电植物器件的新型绿色电子器件开辟了另一条途径。这一方法为开发基于自供电植物器件的新型绿色电子器件开辟了另一条途径，这种器件可用作在播种和收获期间监测活体植物的传感设备。

{"title":"A plant based electrochemical device with transistor like behavior","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since its invention, transistor has become the fundamental building block of virtually all of today’s integrated circuits which constitute the electronics technology. In the present letter, we report the vegetal version of a self-powered electrochemical transistor, i.e., a device with an inherent energy source which exhibits energy-converting and amplifying-modulating properties. Surprisingly, at the interface constituted by the surface of an n-type germanium sample and a vegetal slice it become apparent that the surface of the n-type germanium passing anodic current acts as a multiplying collector for holes. Experimental transconductance characteristics show well-defined the cut-off, active and saturation regions. Likewise, since the collector is itself part of an electrolytic cell, device incorporates its own power supply. Thereby, it is able to reproduce an analogical AC signal via the DC electrolytic cell voltage. Furthermore, one of the most outstanding properties of the transistors is their DC current gain (<em>h</em><sub>FE</sub>), which for commercially available small-signal transistors typically ranges 50–350, and for medium power transistors 15–70. The proposed device presents an <em>h</em><sub>FE</sub> of 70 and 40 for the potato and apple based transistors respectively. Genuinely, this approach opens an alternative route for the development of a novel green electronics based on self-powered vegetative devices. Genuinely, this approach opens an alternative route for the development of a novel green electronics based on self-powered vegetative devices which could works as sensing devices for monitoring living plants during sow and harvest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dielectric constant enhancement of BaTiO3/SU-8 for low-voltage droplet actuation 增强 BaTiO3/SU-8 的介电常数，实现低压液滴致动

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115919

Digital microfluidics (DMF) technology, which called lab-on-a-chip will bring technological innovations to the field of biochemistry. Electro-wetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is one of the forms of DMF which actuate independent droplets through electric field enabling more accurate and efficient actuation. Nowadays, the high driving voltage required for droplet actuation remains a major obstacle to the practical application of this technology. Dielectric layer is the main factor affecting the driving voltage. In this study, we fabricate a dielectric layer film that can reduce the driving voltage by doping BaTiO₃ nanoparticles with high dielectric constant in SU-8 at room temperature. The volume ratio of dopant particles and spin coating speed are studied to determine the optimal processing conditions for low-voltage droplet actuation. As the volume ratio of the dopant particles increased, the dielectric layer dielectric constant firstly increases and then decreases. When the volume ratio of BaTiO₃:SU-8 is 1:10, the maximum dielectric constant is achieved. The dielectric wetting properties follow the same trend as the change in dielectric layer dielectric constant. Thus, the parameters of a volume ratio of 1:10 and spin coating speed of 7500 rad/min are finally selected for the preparation of the dielectric layer. These measures resulted in lower threshold voltages for droplet actuation, which contributes to advancing the application and widespread adoption of DMF technology.

被称为 "芯片实验室 "的数字微流控（DMF）技术将为生物化学领域带来技术创新。电介质上的电润湿（EWOD）是 DMF 的一种形式，它通过电场驱动独立液滴，从而实现更精确、更高效的驱动。目前，液滴驱动所需的高驱动电压仍是该技术实际应用的主要障碍。介电层是影响驱动电压的主要因素。在本研究中，我们在室温下通过在 SU-8 中掺杂高介电常数的 BaTiO3 纳米粒子，制备了一种可降低驱动电压的介电层薄膜。研究了掺杂剂颗粒的体积比和旋涂速度，以确定低压液滴致动的最佳加工条件。随着掺杂粒子体积比的增加，介电层介电常数先增大后减小。当 BaTiO3:SU-8 的体积比为 1:10 时，介电常数达到最大值。介电润湿特性与介电层介电常数的变化趋势相同。因此，最终选择体积比为 1:10 和旋涂速度为 7500 弧度/分钟的参数来制备介电层。这些措施降低了液滴驱动的阈值电压，有助于推动 DMF 技术的应用和普及。

{"title":"Dielectric constant enhancement of BaTiO3/SU-8 for low-voltage droplet actuation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital microfluidics (DMF) technology, which called lab-on-a-chip will bring technological innovations to the field of biochemistry. Electro-wetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is one of the forms of DMF which actuate independent droplets through electric field enabling more accurate and efficient actuation. Nowadays, the high driving voltage required for droplet actuation remains a major obstacle to the practical application of this technology. Dielectric layer is the main factor affecting the driving voltage. In this study, we fabricate a dielectric layer film that can reduce the driving voltage by doping BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles with high dielectric constant in SU-8 at room temperature. The volume ratio of dopant particles and spin coating speed are studied to determine the optimal processing conditions for low-voltage droplet actuation. As the volume ratio of the dopant particles increased, the dielectric layer dielectric constant firstly increases and then decreases. When the volume ratio of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>:SU-8 is 1:10, the maximum dielectric constant is achieved. The dielectric wetting properties follow the same trend as the change in dielectric layer dielectric constant. Thus, the parameters of a volume ratio of 1:10 and spin coating speed of 7500 rad/min are finally selected for the preparation of the dielectric layer. These measures resulted in lower threshold voltages for droplet actuation, which contributes to advancing the application and widespread adoption of DMF technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-heating curing and its influence on self-sensing properties of ultra-high performance concrete with hybrid stainless steel wires and steel fibers 自热养护及其对不锈钢丝和钢纤维混合超高性能混凝土自感性能的影响

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115913

This study aims to develop ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with self-heating curing and self-sensing properties by incorporating hybrid stainless steel wires (SSWs) and steel fibers (SFs) to advance the safety, function/intelligence, and resilience of infrastructures. 0.2 vol% SSWs with micro diameter can already form overlapped conductive network inside UHPC together with SFs to decrease the electrical resistivity and enhance high-efficiency conversion rate from electric energy to Joule heat. As 20 W input power is applied and sustained, the electrical resistivity of UHPC with hybrid 0.2 vol% SSWs and 1.6 vol% SFs (W02F16) first decreases from 45.1 Ω∙cm to 8.3 Ω∙cm and then to 7.88 Ω∙cm due to the field emission effect and the microscopic thermal expansion of SSWs. The surface temperature of W02F16 specimens reaches 78.6 ℃ for 73 minutes self-heating with an average heating rate of 0.821 ℃/min and a temperature difference lower than 11.6 ℃. Meanwhile, the fractional change in electrical resistivity and sensitivity corresponding to peak flexural stress of W02F16 after 8 h self-heating curing can reach 58.3 % and 3.22 %/MPa, higher 2.1 and 3.6 times than that after 28 d standard curing. Furthermore, self-heating curing UHPC composites at 28 d possesses more stable and sensitive self-sensing performance especially within pre-peak flexural stress period, resulting from the coarsening effect of direct current on SSWs’ interface to regulate and control of conductive pathway in concrete. This is the innovative demonstration that self-heating curing process can endow hybrid SSWs and SFs reinforced UHPC with stable/high self-sensing sensitivity to rapidly fabricate multifunctional/smart infrastructures with the abilities of structural health monitoring, snow and ice self-melting, and indoor heating.

本研究旨在通过加入混合不锈钢丝（SSWs）和钢纤维（SFs），开发具有自加热固化和自传感特性的超高性能混凝土（UHPC），以提高基础设施的安全性、功能/智能性和韧性。0.2 vol% 的微直径 SSW 已经可以与 SF 一起在 UHPC 内部形成重叠导电网络，从而降低电阻率，提高电能到焦耳热的高效转换率。由于场发射效应和 SSWs 的微观热膨胀，当施加 20 W 的输入功率并持续时，含有 0.2 vol% SSWs 和 1.6 vol% SFs 的混合 UHPC（W02F16）的电阻率首先从 45.1 Ω∙cm 减小到 8.3 Ω∙cm ，然后又减小到 7.88 Ω∙cm 。W02F16 试样自加热 73 分钟，表面温度达到 78.6 ℃，平均加热速率为 0.821 ℃/分钟，温差小于 11.6 ℃。同时，自加热固化 8 小时后，W02F16 的电阻率和灵敏度对应于弯曲应力峰值的分数变化可达 58.3 % 和 3.22 %/MPa，分别是标准固化 28 d 后的 2.1 倍和 3.6 倍。此外，自热养护 28 d 的 UHPC 复合材料具有更稳定、更灵敏的自感应性能，尤其是在弯曲应力峰值前期，这是由于直流电对 SSW 的界面产生了粗化效应，从而调节和控制了混凝土中的导电通路。这创新性地证明了自加热固化工艺可赋予混合 SSW 和 SFs 增强 UHPC 稳定/高自感应灵敏度，以快速制造具有结构健康监测、冰雪自融化和室内加热能力的多功能/智能基础设施。

{"title":"Self-heating curing and its influence on self-sensing properties of ultra-high performance concrete with hybrid stainless steel wires and steel fibers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with self-heating curing and self-sensing properties by incorporating hybrid stainless steel wires (SSWs) and steel fibers (SFs) to advance the safety, function/intelligence, and resilience of infrastructures. 0.2 vol% SSWs with micro diameter can already form overlapped conductive network inside UHPC together with SFs to decrease the electrical resistivity and enhance high-efficiency conversion rate from electric energy to Joule heat. As 20 W input power is applied and sustained, the electrical resistivity of UHPC with hybrid 0.2 vol% SSWs and 1.6 vol% SFs (W02F16) first decreases from 45.1 Ω∙cm to 8.3 Ω∙cm and then to 7.88 Ω∙cm due to the field emission effect and the microscopic thermal expansion of SSWs. The surface temperature of W02F16 specimens reaches 78.6 ℃ for 73 minutes self-heating with an average heating rate of 0.821 ℃/min and a temperature difference lower than 11.6 ℃. Meanwhile, the fractional change in electrical resistivity and sensitivity corresponding to peak flexural stress of W02F16 after 8 h self-heating curing can reach 58.3 % and 3.22 %/MPa, higher 2.1 and 3.6 times than that after 28 d standard curing. Furthermore, self-heating curing UHPC composites at 28 d possesses more stable and sensitive self-sensing performance especially within pre-peak flexural stress period, resulting from the coarsening effect of direct current on SSWs’ interface to regulate and control of conductive pathway in concrete. This is the innovative demonstration that self-heating curing process can endow hybrid SSWs and SFs reinforced UHPC with stable/high self-sensing sensitivity to rapidly fabricate multifunctional/smart infrastructures with the abilities of structural health monitoring, snow and ice self-melting, and indoor heating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An innovative approach to 2D localization using the magnetic shielding effect 利用磁屏蔽效应进行二维定位的创新方法

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115910

The effect on an electromagnetic field when a low-cost magnetically permeable object such as copper or aluminum is placed within it can be observed to determine the object’s location. This approach offers a novel technique to achieve reliable localization, particularly in environments where line of sight sensing methods may be non-applicable. Shields up to a size of 30×30 mm and a thickness of 80 µm were investigated; copper shields of these dimensions reduced the signal strength to 91 %, and aluminum shields reduced the signal strength to 94 % of its initial strength. The distortions to the electromagnetic field were closely related to the location of the tag. By fitting an inverted Gaussian curve to each sensor’s data, the position of a shield along a line could be predicted. This method can be used to locate a tag within a 2D plane by creating a 2D array of sensors beneath the sensing plane.

当在电磁场中放置铜或铝等低成本透磁物体时，可以通过观察其对电磁场的影响来确定物体的位置。这种方法提供了一种实现可靠定位的新技术，特别是在视线传感方法可能不适用的环境中。对尺寸为 30×30 毫米、厚度为 80 微米的屏蔽进行了研究；这些尺寸的铜屏蔽将信号强度降低到 91%，铝屏蔽将信号强度降低到初始强度的 94%。电磁场的失真与标签的位置密切相关。通过对每个传感器的数据进行倒高斯曲线拟合，可以预测屏蔽层沿线的位置。通过在传感平面下方创建一个二维传感器阵列，这种方法可用于定位二维平面内的标签。

引用次数: 0

Arrayed ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement based on the BNF-FLOC-MUSIC algorithm 基于 BNF-FLOC-MUSIC 算法的阵列式超声波风速风向测量仪

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115908

An arrayed ultrasonic wind measurement method based on the BNF-FLOC-MUSIC algorithm is proposed to address the issue of low measurement accuracy and poor noise suppression capabilities of current array wind measurement methods in impulse noise backgrounds. The proposed method utilizes an array structure consisting of one transmitting ultrasonic sensor and five receiving sensors. Continuous sampling is performed leveraging this structure, and the received array signals are processed using a bounded nonlinear function (BNF). Subsequently, the fractional lower-order covariance (FLOC) operations are applied to suppress impulse noise’s influence further. Finally, combining these steps with the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm enables high-precision wind speed and direction measurement. The effectiveness and superiority of the method are examined through simulation experiments and actual measurement systems, and the errors of wind speed and wind direction angle in actual measurement are 1.2% and $2 °$ , respectively, which satisfy the design requirements of the ultrasonic anemometer.

针对目前阵列式风力测量方法在脉冲噪声背景下测量精度低、噪声抑制能力差的问题，提出了一种基于 BNF-FLOC-MUSIC 算法的阵列式超声波风力测量方法。所提出的方法采用阵列结构，由一个发射超声波传感器和五个接收传感器组成。利用这种结构进行连续采样，并使用有界非线性函数（BNF）处理接收到的阵列信号。随后，应用分数低阶协方差（FLOC）运算进一步抑制脉冲噪声的影响。最后，将这些步骤与多信号分类（MUSIC）算法相结合，就能实现高精度的风速和风向测量。通过模拟实验和实际测量系统检验了该方法的有效性和优越性，实际测量的风速和风向角误差分别为 1.2% 和 2°，满足超声风速计的设计要求。

引用次数: 0

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀