Marco Pecchiari, Francesco Degli-Innocenti, Maurizio Tosin
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The ecological risk assessment of a product released into the environment is a complex process that takes into account both its ecotoxicity and the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) in the environment. The latter depends on the use, transport, fate (i.e. persistence) of the product. This article describes a model to determine the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) of a biodegradable mulch film taking into account its characteristics, the frequency of application of the mulch film, its degradation rate, and the density of the soil to which it is applied. The effect of temperature on biodegradation kinetics was also taken into account to estimate the biodegradation rate achievable at a given temperature based on data obtained in the laboratory under standard conditions. Using the same approach as for pharmacokinetics, the model can calculate the average mulch film concentration at steady state and the maximum concentration applied. The PEC values can be compared with the Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) derived from ecotoxicity studies to characterise the risk associated with use of mulch film. The model, if validated by comparison of the calculated PECs with the Measured Environmental Concentrations (MECs), determined by detection and quantification of biodegradable mulch film residues in soil, may provide a valuable tool for the ecological risk assessment of biodegradable mulch films.
期刊介绍：
Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology.
Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal.
However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.
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