Herbal medicines and botanicals for managing insomnia, stress, anxiety, and depression: A critical review of the emerging evidence focusing on the Middle East and Africa

Abstract

Background

Mental health issues affect millions of people globally, imposing significant emotional and economic burdens. These involve multiple pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. With an annual global death estimated at 9 million, neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death. This review aims to explore the benefits of 15 medicinal plants available within MEA and provide researchers with knowledge on how these herbal medicines could alleviate symptoms associated with changes in mental health.

Method

Academic databases were searched to find relevant studies on traditional medicinal herbs used in the MEA for the treatment of mental health related issues like sleep, anxiety and depression.

Result

The MEA region has the highest prevalence of major depressive and anxiety disorders globally, with conventional treatments often involving medications that alter neurotransmitters, potentially leading to adverse effects. Given the concerns about long-term drug use, there is growing interest in multi-targeted approaches using medicinal plants. These offer a cost-effective, less hazardous alternative, especially for those with chronic, comorbid conditions. Medicinal plant-based food supplements are increasing within the MEA region, where cultural and traditional usage of such plants is extensive. However, the practical application of these supplements is often limited in real-world scenarios.

Conclusion

While medicinal plant-based food supplements show potential as a cost-effective and a more suitable alternative for individuals with chronic and comorbid conditions in the MEA region, further research is needed to overcome the limitations in their practical application including a focus on real world data.