PharmaNutrition最新文献

Dietitians’ knowledge and practice regarding inflammaging and related interventions: A pilot survey 营养师对炎症及相关干预措施的了解和实践：试点调查

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100420

Cato Wiegers, Sofia el Sarraf, Olaf F.A. Larsen

Background

The global population is aging rapidly, which is associated with an increase in chronic diseases. One of the possible underlying causes of these chronic diseases is inflammaging, characterised by the general low-grade inflammation that occurs in the body as we age. However, it is unclear to what extent this concept is already being considered as a base for prevention or therapy.

Methods

In this study, the willingness of practicing dietitians in the Netherlands to apply interventions targeting inflammaging was evaluated. Beforehand, a literature study was executed to identify possible parameters for intervention, covering most nutritional, biological, and medical aspects related to inflammaging. Based on the findings of the literature study, dietitians were asked about their awareness of the concept, the willingness to adopt more knowledge, and practical approaches regarding their clients.

Results

It was found that of the 56 surveyed dietitians, approximately two-third were already aware of the concept, and among this group, another two-third indicated that inflammaging plays a role in their provision of dietary advice. Generally, the information provided by the dietitians was in line with what was identified in literature.

Conclusions

As a first pilot, it appears that dietitians recognise the impact of nutrition and lifestyle factors on the progression of inflammaging. The willingness to adopt evidence-based practices signifies the importance of continued education and professional development in this area. Eventually, focusing on inflammaging in policy making could be a supporting factor for healthcare systems in the shift from curative to preventive care.

背景全球人口正在迅速老龄化，这与慢性疾病的增加有关。这些慢性疾病的潜在原因之一是炎症老化，其特点是随着年龄的增长，人体内会出现普遍的低度炎症。然而，目前还不清楚这一概念在多大程度上已被视为预防或治疗的基础。方法在这项研究中，我们评估了荷兰执业营养师采用针对炎症的干预措施的意愿。在此之前，我们进行了一项文献研究，以确定可能的干预参数，涵盖与炎症相关的大多数营养、生物和医学方面。结果发现，在接受调查的 56 名营养师中，约有三分之二已经了解这一概念，其中又有三分之二表示炎症在他们提供的饮食建议中发挥了作用。总体而言，营养师提供的信息与文献中指出的一致。结论作为首个试点，营养师似乎认识到营养和生活方式因素对炎症进展的影响。采用循证实践的意愿表明了在这一领域继续教育和专业发展的重要性。最终，在政策制定过程中关注炎症，可以成为医疗保健系统从治疗向预防转变的支持因素。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic benefits of L-theanine in counteracting inflammation 探索左旋茶氨酸对抗炎症的分子机制和治疗功效

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100419

Satarupa Deb , Anupom Borah

Chronic inflammation, a persistent condition that can significantly impact the body, is linked to the development and progression of numerous chronic degenerative diseases. Understanding its complex role is essential for discovering innovative therapeutic approaches, particularly those derived from natural sources. These strategies aim to reduce chronic inflammation and mitigate its associated diseases. Historically, natural products have been used for their therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory effects. They often offer advantages such as abundant availability, cost-effectiveness, and fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs. L-theanine, an amino acid primarily found in tea leaves, has garnered significant attention for its potential health benefits, especially its anti-inflammatory properties. Research suggests that L-theanine may decrease levels of inflammatory markers in the body and modulate the immune system, preventing excessive inflammatory responses. While the growing evidence supports L-theanine's ability to attenuate harmful inflammation, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying its action remain largely unknown. This review seeks to elucidate these mechanisms, providing a comprehensive understanding of its role in modulating inflammation and its potential as a natural therapeutic agent.

慢性炎症是一种会对人体产生重大影响的持续性疾病，与多种慢性退行性疾病的发生和发展有关。了解慢性炎症的复杂作用对于发现创新的治疗方法至关重要，特别是那些从天然资源中提取的方法。这些策略旨在减少慢性炎症，减轻与之相关的疾病。从历史上看，天然产品因其治疗特性（包括抗炎作用）而被广泛使用。与合成药物相比，它们通常具有供应充足、成本效益高、副作用少等优势。L -茶氨酸是一种主要存在于茶叶中的氨基酸，因其潜在的健康益处，尤其是抗炎特性而备受关注。研究表明，L-茶氨酸可以降低体内炎症标志物的水平，调节免疫系统，防止过度的炎症反应。虽然越来越多的证据支持左旋茶氨酸能够减轻有害炎症，但其作用的确切分子机制在很大程度上仍不为人所知。本综述旨在阐明这些机制，全面了解它在调节炎症方面的作用及其作为天然治疗剂的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced absorption of omega-3 fatty acids from a novel krill oil-derived phospholipid formulation compared to fish oil ethyl esters: A randomized, two-way crossover pharmacokinetic study 与鱼油乙酯相比，新型磷虾油磷脂配方能促进ω-3脂肪酸的吸收：随机双向交叉药代动力学研究

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100417

Christiane Schoen , Line Johnsen , Antje Micka , Manfred Wilhelm , Yunpeng Ding

Background

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) offer many health benefits, yet the absorption from standard ethyl ester (EE) formulation requires concurrent intake of a fatty meal. This study aimed to evaluate the absorption of EPA and DHA from a novel omega-3 formulation, Phospholipids + EPA/DHA (PL+), which combines high phospholipdi krill oil (KO) and EE, in comparison to a standard EE product under a low-fat dietary condition in healthy adults.

Methods

In this randomized, cross-over, single-dose study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of EPA and DHA from PL+ and EE product was assessed. Each products contained approximately 1200 mg EPA+DHA. Participants consumed a single dose of the capsules under a low-fat diet regimen, with plasma samples collected at baseline and over a 72-hour period after dosing. Following a 14-day washout period, participants crossed over to the alternate treatment. Plasma concentrations of EPA, DHA, and combined EPA+DHA were analyzed.

Results

Twelve participants (six women and six men) were included, completed all study visits and were included in the analyses. The participants' mean age was 34.3 years (SD = 12.4), and the mean BMI was 22.6 kg/m² (SD = 3.2). The baseline-corrected incremental area under the curve (iAUC_0–12h) for combined EPA+DHA was significantly higher for PL+ (255.5 [SD = 81.4] μg/mL*h) compared to EE (34.2 [SD = 33.4] μg/mL*h; P < 0.001). The treatment ratio of iAUC_0–12h for PL+ relative to EE was 10.5 (95 % CI: 6.1 – 18.1; P < 0.001). Similar patterns were observed for iAUC_0–24h and iAUC_0–72h for combined EPA+DHA, as well as for EPA and DHA individually. Sensitivity analyses by adjusting the minimal difference on dose between products yielded consistent findings.

Conclusions

The results indicate that PL+ technology significantly enhances the absorption of EPA and DHA compared to standard EE alone in a low-fat dietary condition. These outcomes suggest that the absorption of EE formulations can be significantly improved through combination with high phospholipid krill oil, as evidenced by the performance of the PL+ formulation.

背景二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）具有许多健康益处，但要从标准乙酯（EE）配方中吸收这两种物质，需要同时摄入脂肪餐。本研究旨在评估健康成年人在低脂饮食条件下，与标准 EE 产品相比，对新型欧米伽-3 配方磷脂 + EPA/DHA (PL+) 中 EPA 和 DHA 的吸收情况，该配方结合了高磷脂磷虾油 (KO) 和 EE。每种产品都含有约 1200 毫克 EPA+DHA。参与者在低脂饮食方案下服用单剂量胶囊，并在基线和服药后 72 小时内采集血浆样本。经过 14 天的冲洗期后，参与者换用另一种疗法。结果有 12 名参与者（6 名女性和 6 名男性）完成了所有研究访问并被纳入分析。参与者的平均年龄为 34.3 岁（SD = 12.4），平均体重指数为 22.6 kg/m²（SD = 3.2）。与 EE（34.2 [SD = 33.4] μg/mL*h；P <0.001）相比，PL+（255.5 [SD = 81.4] μg/mL*h）的 EPA+DHA 组合基线校正增量曲线下面积（iAUC0-12h）明显更高。相对于 EE，PL+ 的 iAUC0-12h 治疗比为 10.5（95 % CI：6.1 - 18.1；P <；0.001）。对于 EPA+DHA 组合以及单独的 EPA 和 DHA，iAUC0-24h 和 iAUC0-72h 也观察到类似的模式。结果表明，在低脂饮食条件下，与单独使用标准 EE 相比，PL+ 技术能显著提高 EPA 和 DHA 的吸收。这些结果表明，通过与高磷脂磷虾油的结合，EE 配方的吸收可以得到明显改善，PL+ 配方的表现就是证明。

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引用次数: 0

Milk fat globule membrane: Production, digestion, and health benefits evaluated through in vitro models 牛奶脂肪球膜：通过体外模型评估生产、消化和健康益处

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100418

Victoria Martínez-Sánchez , Javier Fontecha , Antonio Pérez-Gálvez

Background

Milk is a biologically complex fluid with a primary function as a bioactive compound and energy source for the offspring in the early stages of life. This role is largely due to its high lipid content, encapsulated in globules known as milk fat globules (MFG). Extensive research has led to the conclusion that MFGs are not only energy carriers, as they are surrounded by a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) which is characterized by its complex architecture and bioactive components such as polar lipids and glycoproteins.

Methods

This literature review was performed by an extensive search of Pubmed, Scopus or Google Scholar database for studies using keywords such as “lactation”, “milk production”, “MFG”, “MFGM”, “polar lipids”, “in vitro”, “milk lipids”, “health benefits”, “human health”, “digestion”, “bioaccessibility”, “bioavailability”.

Results

Brain and intestinal development, modulation of the microbiota or the correct immunological response to infections are some of the benefits that MFGM has in infants. In addition, its therapeutic potential is extended to the adult population through the attenuation of lipid metabolism disorders or the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, the trend in the food industry is to incorporate this MFGM concentrate as a bioactive ingredient in functional foods.

Conclusion

This review provides an overview of the natural and industrial production of MFGM and their relationship to the health benefits identified in in vitro studies. Furthermore, this review highlights the importance of further research to understand the assimilation of MFGM lipids to optimize its incorporation into the human diet.

背景牛奶是一种具有生物活性的复杂液体，其主要功能是作为生物活性化合物和生命早期阶段后代的能量来源。这种作用主要是由于牛奶中含有大量脂质，这些脂质包裹在被称为乳脂球（MFG）的球状物中。大量研究得出的结论是，乳脂球不仅是能量载体，还被乳脂球膜（MFGM）所包围，而乳脂球膜的特点是结构复杂，并含有极性脂质和糖蛋白等生物活性成分。方法通过在 Pubmed、Scopus 或 Google Scholar 数据库中使用 "泌乳"、"牛奶生产"、"MFG"、"MFGM"、"极性脂质"、"体外"、"牛奶脂质"、"健康益处"、"人类健康"、"消化"、"生物可及性"、"生物利用度 "等关键词广泛搜索相关研究，进行本文献综述。结果婴儿脑部和肠道发育、微生物群调节或对感染的正确免疫反应是牛奶中脂质对婴儿的一些益处。此外，通过减轻脂质代谢紊乱或预防神经退行性疾病，其治疗潜力也扩展到了成年人群。因此，食品行业的趋势是将这种 MFGM 浓缩物作为一种生物活性成分纳入功能性食品中。结论本综述概述了天然和工业生产的 MFGM 及其与体外研究发现的健康益处之间的关系。此外，本综述还强调了进一步研究了解 MFGM 脂类同化的重要性，以优化其在人类饮食中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in psoriasis management: Integrating nutrient supplement with gut-brain-skin connection 牛皮癣治疗的进展：将营养补充剂与肠道-大脑-皮肤的联系结合起来

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100416

Smriti Mishra , Shikha Saxena , Rajendra Awasthi

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects a large population globally and poses a significant challenge in clinical care due to its multifaceted characteristics. Recent studies show the relationship between the gut, brain, and skin, unveiling the potential for novel therapeutic approaches.

Methods

This review includes papers published from 1991 to 2024 exploring various advancements in psoriasis management. We also explored various techniques to encapsulate natural bioactive molecules with anti-psoriatic activity. The published articles were searched using various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and Google Scholar.

Results

The gut microbiome contains numerous microorganisms that influence immune regulation and inflammation. The pathogenesis of psoriasis has implicated an imbalance in gut microbes, known as gut dysbiosis. Probiotics, prebiotics, and other dietary interventions can help restore microbial balance and improve psoriasis symptoms. Furthermore, the gut microbiota can modulate neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, impacting communication between the gut, brain, and skin. Stress, a well-established trigger for psoriasis exacerbations, disrupts the gut-brain-skin axis. Nutrient supplements like omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, probiotic supplements, herbal supplements, etc. can reduce inflammation and enhance skin health. Deficiency in nutrients like vitamin D may contribute to psoriasis development. Targeting inflammatory pathways, balancing gut microbiomes, and addressing nutritional deficiencies can improve psoriasis treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

Natural bioactives have demonstrated antipsoriatic efficacy in several preclinical and clinical studies done in more recent years. Large-scale clinical trials using encapsulated natural bioactives are still needed to demonstrate their antipsoriatic activity and ability to regulate the gut-brain-skin axis.

背景银屑病是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病，影响着全球众多人群，由于其多方面的特点，给临床治疗带来了巨大挑战。最近的研究显示了肠道、大脑和皮肤之间的关系，揭示了新型治疗方法的潜力。方法本综述收录了 1991 年至 2024 年发表的论文，探讨了银屑病治疗的各种进展。我们还探讨了封装具有抗银屑病活性的天然生物活性分子的各种技术。我们使用 Scopus、Web of Science、Clinical Trials 和 Google Scholar 等多个数据库对已发表的文章进行了检索。银屑病的发病机制与肠道微生物失衡有关，即肠道菌群失调。益生菌、益生元和其他饮食干预措施有助于恢复微生物平衡，改善银屑病症状。此外，肠道微生物群还能调节神经递质和神经肽，影响肠道、大脑和皮肤之间的交流。压力是牛皮癣加重的公认诱因，会破坏肠道-大脑-皮肤轴。欧米伽-3 脂肪酸、多酚、益生菌补充剂、草药补充剂等营养补充剂可以减轻炎症，增强皮肤健康。缺乏维生素 D 等营养素可能会导致牛皮癣的发生。针对炎症途径、平衡肠道微生物群和解决营养缺乏问题可以改善银屑病的治疗效果。要证明天然生物活性物质的抗银屑病活性和调节肠道-大脑-皮肤轴的能力，还需要使用封装的天然生物活性物质进行大规模临床试验。

{"title":"Advancements in psoriasis management: Integrating nutrient supplement with gut-brain-skin connection","authors":"Smriti Mishra , Shikha Saxena , Rajendra Awasthi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects a large population globally and poses a significant challenge in clinical care due to its multifaceted characteristics. Recent studies show the relationship between the gut, brain, and skin, unveiling the potential for novel therapeutic approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review includes papers published from 1991 to 2024 exploring various advancements in psoriasis management. We also explored various techniques to encapsulate natural bioactive molecules with anti-psoriatic activity. The published articles were searched using various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and Google Scholar.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The gut microbiome contains numerous microorganisms that influence immune regulation and inflammation. The pathogenesis of psoriasis has implicated an imbalance in gut microbes, known as gut dysbiosis. Probiotics, prebiotics, and other dietary interventions can help restore microbial balance and improve psoriasis symptoms. Furthermore, the gut microbiota can modulate neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, impacting communication between the gut, brain, and skin. Stress, a well-established trigger for psoriasis exacerbations, disrupts the gut-brain-skin axis. Nutrient supplements like omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, probiotic supplements, herbal supplements, <em>etc</em>. can reduce inflammation and enhance skin health. Deficiency in nutrients like vitamin D may contribute to psoriasis development. Targeting inflammatory pathways, balancing gut microbiomes, and addressing nutritional deficiencies can improve psoriasis treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Natural bioactives have demonstrated antipsoriatic efficacy in several preclinical and clinical studies done in more recent years. Large-scale clinical trials using encapsulated natural bioactives are still needed to demonstrate their antipsoriatic activity and ability to regulate the gut-brain-skin axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can L-Methionine and S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Effectively Mitigate Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Motor Deficits in Mice? L-蛋氨酸和 S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸能否有效缓解东莨菪碱诱导的小鼠认知和运动障碍？

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100415

Mohammadjaavad Aghababaei , Mahdi Mashhadi Akbar Boojar , Mehdi Saberi

Motor balance deficits often coincide with cognitive deficits in older adults. Current medications provide temporary relief with several potential side effects. Essential amino acids and their derivatives, such as S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), can improve nerve function, mood regulation, and neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the protective effects of SAMe in scopolamine-degraded memory, and motor balance in an animal model.

To evaluate the possible effects of SAMe on cognitive and motor balance improvement, both Shuttle box and rotarod methods were performed in seven groups of animals (n=7). The mice groups received the saline (control), scopolamine, scopolamine+rivastigmine, scopolamine +methionine, and scopolamine+ three different doses of SAMe daily and separately for two weeks. Data were analyzed independently by one-way ANOVA and P<0.05 was considered significant.

SAMe 150 mg/kg worsened scopolamine-induced memory impairment (P<0.001), while methionine (100 mg/kg) or SAMe (only 100 mg/kg) together with scopolamine could reduce the duration of the animal's presence in the dark chamber (P<0.05). Daily administration of methionine and SAMe at the rate of 100 mg/kg daily could significantly improve the decrease in motor balance caused by scopolamine (P<0.05). Rivastigmine improved memory and motor balance impairment caused by scopolamine (P<0.05). No difference between SAMe and L-methionine for memory, and balance.

The results suggest that while L-methionine and SAMe may not be effective in improving memory impairments (Even SAMe high doses can aggravate the destruction of passive avoidance memory), they may be beneficial in enhancing motor balance.

运动平衡失调往往与老年人的认知障碍同时存在。目前的药物只能暂时缓解症状，但有一些潜在的副作用。必需氨基酸及其衍生物，如 S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸（SAMe），可以改善神经功能、调节情绪，并对神经退行性疾病起到保护作用。为了评估 SAMe 对改善认知和运动平衡可能产生的影响，研究人员对七组动物（n=7）进行了梭箱法和旋转法实验。小鼠组每天分别接受生理盐水（对照组）、东莨菪碱、东莨菪碱+利伐斯的明、东莨菪碱+蛋氨酸和东莨菪碱+三种不同剂量的SAMe，持续两周。SAMe 150 mg/kg可加重东莨菪碱诱导的记忆损伤（P<0.001），而蛋氨酸（100 mg/kg）或SAMe（仅100 mg/kg）与东莨菪碱一起使用可缩短动物在暗室中的停留时间（P<0.05）。每天服用100毫克/千克蛋氨酸和SAMe可显著改善东莨菪碱导致的运动平衡能力下降（P<0.05）。利伐斯的明能改善东莨菪碱引起的记忆和运动平衡障碍（P<0.05）。结果表明，虽然L-蛋氨酸和SAMe可能无法有效改善记忆障碍（即使SAMe剂量过高也会加重被动回避记忆的破坏），但它们可能有益于增强运动平衡能力。

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引用次数: 0

Melatonin supplementation in preclinical colitis models: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on inflammation, oxidative stress, and colon repair 在临床前结肠炎模型中补充褪黑素：关于炎症、氧化应激和结肠修复的系统综述和剂量反应荟萃分析

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100414

Yahya Asemani , Reza Heidari , Fatemeh Ezzatifar , Saeed Mehrzadi , Reza Mosaed , Esmail Karami , Hossein fasihi , Mohsen Chamanara , Amirabbas Rostami

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an autoimmune form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leads to chronic inflammation of the colon. Existing treatments often fall short, highlighting the need for alternative or supplementary therapies. Melatonin, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, shows promise in this context. Thus, this study conducts a dose-response meta-analysis and systematic review of preclinical models to evaluate melatonin's effectiveness in UC.

Methods

Extensive searches in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were performed, adhering to SYRCLE’s risk of bias guidelines, and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024511595). Random-effects models calculated standard mean differences (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for disease activity indices, inflammatory markers, and antioxidant defenses.

Results

Out of 860 screened records, 72 studies met the inclusion criteria. Melatonin was found to significantly lower the ulcer index (SMD = −3.19) and malondialdehyde levels (SMD = −2.31). It also notably suppressed key pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α (SMD = −1.14), IL-6 (SMD = −1.44), IL-1β (SMD = −1.63) and IL-17 (SMD = −1.77), while enhancing antioxidant defenses, particularly glutathione levels (SMD = 2.80). Furthermore, melatonin effectively modulated critical inflammatory regulators including nuclear factor kappa B (SMD = −1.97) and cyclooxygenase-2 (SMD = −1.34). The optimal therapeutic dose was identified as up to 10 mg/kg, with the highest efficacy observed via intraperitoneal and intracolonic administration routes.

Conclusion

Melatonin showed significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and tissue-repairing benefits in preclinical UC models, supporting clinical trials to confirm its therapeutic potential and optimal dosing.

背景溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是炎症性肠病（IBD）的一种自身免疫形式，会导致结肠慢性炎症。现有的治疗方法往往效果不佳，因此需要替代或辅助疗法。褪黑素以其抗氧化和抗炎作用而闻名，在这方面大有可为。因此，本研究对临床前模型进行了剂量反应荟萃分析和系统综述，以评估褪黑激素对 UC 的有效性。方法在 PubMed、Scopus、Embase 和 Web of Science 中进行了广泛的检索，遵守了 SYRCLE 的偏倚风险指南，并在 PROSPERO（CRD42024511595）上进行了注册。随机效应模型计算了疾病活动指数、炎症标志物和抗氧化防御能力的标准平均差（SMD）和95%置信区间（CI）。研究发现，褪黑素能明显降低溃疡指数（SMD = -3.19）和丙二醛水平（SMD = -2.31）。它还明显抑制了主要的促炎介质，包括TNF-α（SMD =-1.14）、IL-6（SMD =-1.44）、IL-1β（SMD =-1.63）和IL-17（SMD =-1.77），同时提高了抗氧化防御能力，特别是谷胱甘肽水平（SMD = 2.80）。此外，褪黑素还能有效调节关键的炎症调节因子，包括核因子卡巴B（SMD =-1.97）和环氧化酶-2（SMD =-1.34）。结论褪黑素在临床前 UC 模型中显示出显著的抗炎、抗氧化和组织修复功效，支持临床试验以确认其治疗潜力和最佳剂量。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of liraglutide on C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults with type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled trials 利拉鲁肽对成人 2 型糖尿病患者 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 的疗效和安全性：对对照试验进行GRADE评估的系统综述和剂量反应荟萃分析

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100409

Nazanin Mozaffari , Mohammad Vesal Bideshki , Mohsen Mohammadi Sartang , Mehrdad Behzadi

Background

Liraglutide (LRG) is an analog of glucagon-like-peptide-1 which has beneficial effects on controlling glycemic in diabetes patients. However, the effect of liraglutide on the C-reactive protein (CRP) was controversial in different studies. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of LRG on CRP in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods

Through March 2024, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases were searched for pertinent studies. Calculation of 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) and mean differences was done using random effects model. Standard methods assessed dose-response, meta-regression, sensitivity, and publication bias. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was used to calculate evidence certainty.

Results

Finally, after reviewing 9 eligible studies with 10 arms including 1494 participants, a significant decrease in CRP levels was observed after treatment with LRG (WMD = −0.692 mg/L, 95 % CI: −1.01, −0.37, P<0.001). According to the results of the subgroup, LRG had greater effects in obese patients (Body mass index ≥30), high-quality studies, dosages >1.6 mg/d and durations ≥24 weeks. Linear (P<0.001) and non-linear (P _{dose-response} =0.009) dose-response associations were observed between LRG dosages and CRP levels. According to the GRADE, evidence for CRP was high.

Conclusions

LRG had beneficial effects on CRP levels in adults with T2DM, especially in obese patients.

背景利拉鲁肽（LRG）是胰高血糖素样肽-1的类似物，对控制糖尿病患者的血糖有好处。然而，不同研究对利拉鲁肽对C反应蛋白（CRP）的影响存在争议。因此，本研究旨在探讨利拉鲁肽对成人 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者 CRP 的影响。方法截至 2024 年 3 月，在 Web of Science、PubMed 和 Scopus 电子数据库中检索了相关研究。使用随机效应模型计算95%置信区间（CI）和平均差异。采用标准方法评估剂量反应、元回归、敏感性和发表偏倚。结果最终，在回顾了9项符合条件的研究，共10个研究臂，包括1494名参与者后，观察到LRG治疗后CRP水平显著下降（WMD = -0.692 mg/L，95 % CI：-1.01，-0.37，P<0.001）。根据亚组结果，LRG对肥胖患者（体重指数≥30）、高质量研究、剂量>1.6 mg/d、持续时间≥24周的疗效更好。LRG剂量与CRP水平之间存在线性（P<0.001）和非线性（P剂量-反应=0.009）剂量-反应关系。结论LRG对患有T2DM的成人，尤其是肥胖患者的CRP水平有益处。

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引用次数: 0

The guardians of macular health: Omega 3 fatty acids 黄斑健康的守护者奥米加 3 脂肪酸

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100408

Joseph V. Varre , Noel Daniel , Wonjong Ryoo , Stephan van Vliet

引用次数: 0

Nurturing hope: Uncovering the potential of herbal remedies against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 培育希望：挖掘草药治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症的潜力

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100406

Mukta Gupta , Md Sadique Hussain , Riya Thapa , Asif Ahmad Bhat , Naresh Kumar

Background

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, as currently available medications such as riluzole and edaravone aim to slow disease progression and manage symptoms, they are often expensive, have adverse side effects, and offer limited therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to explore complementary and alternative medicines in ALS treatment along with their possible mechanism(s). This paper investigates the potential benefits of herbal remedies in ALS management, focusing on their ability to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and potentially delay disease progression.

Method

The review includes articles published from 1999 to 2024 and were searched using various databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Clinical trial. The search was performed using different keywords such as ‘amyotrophic lateral sclerosis’, ‘pathogenesis’, ‘prevalence’, ‘herbal products’, ‘natural medicines’, ‘safety’, ‘efficacy’, ‘clinical trials’, ‘herbal-drug interaction’, ‘in vitro’, ‘in vivo’, phytochemicals, ‘alternative medicine’. Further studies were screening by assessing abstracts, cross references and previously published review and research articles.

Results

A number of herbal products are reported in preclinical and clinical studies indicating their efficacy against ALS. These prominent phytoconstituents exhibiting anti- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis effect are mainly present in different parts of the plant and include curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, tetrahydrocannabidiol, diallyl trisulfide, withanolides, genistein, and madecassoside. The plant extract containing these phytoconstituents exert their therapeutic effect via modulating inflammatory mediators, trapping free radicals, targeting various enzymes and/or by harnessing autophagy.

Conclusion

Although, various preclinical studies have shown beneficial effects of herbs in treating this debilitating disease. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these botanical therapies in clinics.

背景肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症（ALS）是一种致命的神经退行性疾病，目前可用的药物（如利鲁唑和依达拉奉）旨在延缓疾病进展和控制症状，但这些药物通常价格昂贵，有不良副作用，而且治疗效果有限。因此，探索辅助和替代药物在 ALS 治疗中的作用及其可能的机制至关重要。本文研究了草药在 ALS 治疗中的潜在益处，重点关注草药缓解症状、改善生活质量和潜在延缓疾病进展的能力。方法该综述包括 1999 年至 2024 年发表的文章，并使用各种数据库进行检索，包括 Web of Science、Scopus、Google Scholar 和 Clinical trial。检索时使用了不同的关键词，如 "肌萎缩侧索硬化症"、"发病机制"、"患病率"、"草药产品"、"天然药物"、"安全性"、"有效性"、"临床试验"、"草药与药物的相互作用"、"体外"、"体内"、植物化学物质、"替代医学"。通过评估摘要、交叉参考文献和以前发表的综述和研究文章，筛选出更多的研究结果。这些具有抗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症功效的植物成分主要存在于植物的不同部位，包括姜黄素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、槲皮素、白藜芦醇、四氢大麻酚、二烯丙基三硫化物、山檀内酯、染料木素和马德拉苷。含有这些植物成分的植物提取物通过调节炎症介质、捕获自由基、靶向各种酶和/或利用自噬作用发挥其治疗效果。有必要开展进一步调查，以确认这些植物疗法在临床中的安全性和有效性。

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