PharmaNutrition最新文献

Pharmacological characteristics and solubility profiles of calcium supplement preparations: A comparative study with clinical implications 钙补充制剂的药理学特性和溶解度特征：与临床意义的比较研究

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100470

Qiao Zhang , Yuqi Tang , Hao Nie , Xu Wang , Guangkui Wang , Chaoqiang Xiao

Calcium is essential for bone health and various physiological processes, but the poor water solubility of calcium supplements often leads to inadequate absorption and potential adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal discomfort. This study aims to evaluate and compare the in vitro dissolution characteristics and pharmacological performance of five commonly used calcium supplement preparations, with the goal of identifying formulations that offer improved solubility and bioavailability. We examined physical properties, pH values, and calcium dissolution content in artificial gastric fluid. Dissolved drug solutions were analyzed using online Raman spectroscopy, providing real-time insights into chemical transformations during dissolution. The in vitro dissolution profiles ranging from clear to turbid and pH values from 4.52 ± 0.05–10.18 ± 0.01. Calcium dissolution rates ranged from 47.53 ± 2.91 % to 88.65 ± 0.90 %. Online Raman spectroscopy revealed that calcium in compound calcium carbonate effervescent granules was transformed into calcium citrate malate, which exhibited high calcium content, weak acidity, and good water solubility as the most notable differences among the supplements. These findings highlight the large performance differences among various calcium carbonate preparations, providing a foundation for studies of calcium formulations with weak acidity and high water solubility. This study reveals insights for the development of calcium supplements with improved solubility and absorption; offers targeted suggestions for enhancing current quality standards; and provides a basis for rational selection of calcium supplements for different populations, including children, pregnant women, and other special groups, potentially improving clinical outcomes and overall health benefits.

钙是骨骼健康和各种生理过程所必需的，但钙补充剂的水溶性差往往导致吸收不足和潜在的不良反应，如胃肠道不适。本研究旨在评估和比较五种常用钙补充剂制剂的体外溶出特性和药理学性能，目的是确定能提高溶解度和生物利用度的制剂。我们检测了人工胃液的物理性质、pH值和钙溶出度。使用在线拉曼光谱分析溶解的药物溶液，提供溶解过程中化学转化的实时洞察。体外溶出度范围从清澈到浑浊，pH值为4.52 ± 0.05-10.18 ± 0.01。钙溶出率为47.53 ± 2.91 % ~ 88.65 ± 0.90 %。在线拉曼光谱显示，复合碳酸钙泡腾颗粒中的钙转化为柠檬酸苹果酸钙，其钙含量高、酸性弱、水溶性好是各补品之间最显著的差异。这些发现突出了不同碳酸钙制剂之间的巨大性能差异，为弱酸性高水溶性钙制剂的研究提供了基础。这项研究揭示了开发具有改善溶解度和吸收的钙补充剂的见解；针对提高现行质量标准提出针对性建议；为不同人群（包括儿童、孕妇和其他特殊群体）合理选择钙补充剂提供了基础，有可能改善临床结果和整体健康效益。

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引用次数: 0

Neuroprotective effects of an ethanol extracts of an anti-diabetic herbal mixture on Alzheimer’s disease-related biomarkers in high-glucose-induced insulin resistance 抗糖尿病草药混合物乙醇提取物对高糖诱导的胰岛素抵抗中阿尔茨海默病相关生物标志物的神经保护作用

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100482

Jin Yeong Choi , Laxmi Sen Thakuri , Seung-Yub Song , Seung Sik Cho , Dong Young Rhyu

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR), which are strongly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Brain IR is considered a major contributor AD pathogenesis and is often referred to as “type 3 diabetes.”

Aim

This study investigated the neuroprotective mechanisms of an anti-diabetic herbal mixture (HM) against high-glucose (HG)-induced IR-associated cognitive dysfunction and AD-like pathology in HT-22 hippocampal neurons and zebrafish larvae.

Methods

HM, composed of Sophora flavescens, Pueraria lobata, Cornus officinalis, Cinnamomum cassia, Mori Folium, and Momordica charantia (1:1:1:1:1:1), was extracted using different solvents. Among these, the ethanol extract (HME) exhibited the strongest effect in a glucose uptake assay and was therefore selected for further analyses. The effects of HME on glucose uptake, insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and AD–related markers were subsequently evaluated using HG–induced IR models.

Results

HME significantly restored glucose uptake impaired by HG exposure and improved insulin sensitivity by enhancing the expression of key insulin signaling proteins. Consistent with these in vitro findings, HME also restored HG-induced impairments in glucose uptake and insulin signaling in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, HME reduced reactive oxygen species production, restored antioxidant enzymes and suppressed neurodegeneration-related markers compared with HG-induced IR group.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that HME exerts neuroprotective effects through coordinated modulation of glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and AD–related gene expression, highlighting its multi-target potential as a complementary therapeutic strategy for IR–associated neurodegenerative disorders.

糖尿病是一种以慢性高血糖和胰岛素抵抗（IR）为特征的代谢疾病，与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险增加密切相关。脑IR被认为是AD发病机制的主要因素，通常被称为“3型糖尿病”。目的探讨抗糖尿病中药合剂（HM）对高糖（HG）诱导的ir相关认知功能障碍和ad样病理的神经保护机制。方法采用不同溶剂提取苦参、葛根、山茱萸、桂皮、桑叶、苦瓜（1:1:1:1:1:1）的shm。其中，乙醇提取物（HME）在葡萄糖摄取试验中表现出最强的效果，因此被选中进行进一步的分析。随后使用hg诱导的IR模型评估HME对葡萄糖摄取、胰岛素信号、氧化应激和ad相关标志物的影响。结果shme通过增强关键胰岛素信号蛋白的表达，显著恢复HG暴露后的葡萄糖摄取损伤，改善胰岛素敏感性。与这些体外研究结果一致，HME还恢复了hg诱导的斑马鱼幼虫葡萄糖摄取和胰岛素信号的损伤。此外，与hg诱导的IR组相比，HME减少了活性氧的产生，恢复了抗氧化酶，抑制了神经变性相关标志物。结论HME通过协调调节葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素信号、氧化应激和ad相关基因表达发挥神经保护作用，突出了其作为ir相关神经退行性疾病的多靶点补充治疗策略的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Nutraceuticals as adjuncts in managing neurodegenerative complications and their market 辅助治疗神经退行性并发症的营养药品及其市场

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100481

Aparna Datta, Poulami Sen, Arnab K. Maiti

Neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD) represent a rising global health concern, categorized by advanced oxidative stress, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and synaptic failure. Traditional pharmacological therapies offer only symptom-related relief, frequently with restricted efficacy and allied side effects. Nutraceuticals derived from natural sources like fruits, vegetables, herbs, and marine organisms are bioactive compounds that have garnered noteworthy considerations for their potential neuroprotective paybacks. This review explores the promising role of nutraceuticals in combating neurodegeneration through various pathways, comprising anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant activity, apoptosis and modulation of autophagy, mitochondrial stabilization, and regulation of key signalling pathways. Compounds like omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, ginsenosides, and catechins have sufficient potential in preclinical and clinical aspects to delay disease onset and progression. Their capacity to invade the blood-brain barrier (BBB), low toxicity profile, and synergistic action with conventional therapies make them attractive adjuncts or alternatives in neurodegenerative disease management. Issues like compromised bioavailability, quick metabolism, and absence of standardized clinical trials limit their translation into mainstream therapeutics. Nevertheless, the growing market for brain-focused nutraceuticals indicates a wider acknowledgment that diet plays a meaningful role in maintaining neurological health.

神经退行性疾病，如帕金森病（PD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）和亨廷顿病（HD），代表着日益严重的全球健康问题，其分类为晚期氧化应激、神经元丧失、神经炎症、线粒体功能障碍和突触衰竭。传统的药物治疗只能提供与症状相关的缓解，通常疗效有限，并伴有副作用。从水果、蔬菜、草药和海洋生物等天然来源中提取的营养保健品是生物活性化合物，因其潜在的神经保护回报而获得了值得注意的考虑。这篇综述探讨了营养保健品在抗神经退行性疾病中的重要作用，包括抗炎作用、抗氧化活性、细胞凋亡和自噬调节、线粒体稳定以及关键信号通路的调节。像omega-3脂肪酸、姜黄素、白藜芦醇、槲皮素、人参皂苷和儿茶素这样的化合物在临床前和临床方面都有足够的潜力来延缓疾病的发生和进展。它们侵入血脑屏障（BBB）的能力、低毒性以及与传统疗法的协同作用使其成为神经退行性疾病治疗的有吸引力的辅助或替代药物。生物利用度降低、代谢快、缺乏标准化临床试验等问题限制了它们转化为主流治疗方法。然而，以大脑为重点的营养保健品市场的增长表明，人们越来越认识到饮食在维持神经系统健康方面发挥着重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Ancient herb, modern applications: Immunological potential of ocimum tenuiflorum in respiratory and neuropsychological health 古草药，现代应用：荆芥在呼吸和神经心理健康方面的免疫潜力

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100475

Rupal Patel , Anita Prakasam , Rajesh P. Joseph , Bhoomika Patel , Bhavisha Patel

Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly referred to as Tulsi or Holy Basil, is a sacred plant in traditional Indian medicine, celebrated for its therapeutic versatility. Tulsi has numerous therapeutic properties, including adaptogenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory benefits, according to numerous in vitro, animal, and human research. It has been used extensively in traditional Indian medicine and is now backed by a wealth of scientific data. Tulsi has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, adaptogenic, and immune-modulating effects. It is well-known for its safety and non-toxic profile. Key bioactive components like eugenol, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, linalool, and cineole contribute to decreased airway inflammation, improved lung function, decreased oxidative stress, and enhanced mucociliary clearance. This is where its therapeutic promise is most evident in respiratory health. According to clinical research, Tulsi relieves the symptoms of cough, cold, asthma, bronchitis, and COPD. When taken either on its own or in conjunction with other treatments, including steam inhalation, it frequently lessens the need for inhaler therapy and speeds up recovery. Tulsi exhibits notable adaptogenic qualities in addition to respiratory advantages. Tulsi helps control cortisol levels, promotes stress coping strategies, improves sleep quality, and lessens psychological symptoms including anxiety, exhaustion, and cognitive impairment, according to experimental and clinical data. Enzymes and receptors such COMT, 11β-HSD1, and CRHR1 mediate these effects, which enhance neuroendocrine balance and mental resilience. To standardize dosage, confirm long-term efficacy, and improve its incorporation into complementary and integrative health practices, more extensive clinical research is advised.

罗勒（Ocimum tenuflorum），通常被称为图尔西（Tulsi）或圣罗勒（Holy Basil），是印度传统医学中的一种神圣植物，因其治疗用途广泛而闻名。根据大量的体外、动物和人体研究，Tulsi具有许多治疗特性，包括适应原、抗菌、抗炎、心脏保护和免疫调节益处。它在传统印度医学中被广泛使用，现在有大量的科学数据支持。Tulsi具有广泛的药理特性，包括抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、适应性和免疫调节作用。它以其安全和无毒的特点而闻名。关键的生物活性成分，如丁香酚、迷迭香酸、熊果酸、芳樟醇和桉树脑，有助于减少气道炎症，改善肺功能，减少氧化应激，增强粘膜纤毛清除。这是它在呼吸健康方面的治疗前景最明显的地方。根据临床研究，图尔西可以缓解咳嗽、感冒、哮喘、支气管炎和慢性阻塞性肺病的症状。当单独服用或与其他治疗（包括蒸汽吸入）结合使用时，它通常会减少对吸入器治疗的需求，并加速恢复。除了呼吸优势外，图尔西还表现出显著的适应性。根据实验和临床数据，Tulsi有助于控制皮质醇水平，促进压力应对策略，改善睡眠质量，减轻心理症状，包括焦虑、疲惫和认知障碍。COMT、11β-HSD1、CRHR1等酶和受体介导这些作用，增强神经内分泌平衡和心理弹性。为了规范剂量，确认长期疗效，并将其纳入补充和综合保健实践，建议进行更广泛的临床研究。

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引用次数: 0

Obesity status, hypertension, and selenium intake in the elderly 老年人肥胖状况、高血压与硒摄入量的关系

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100463

Jung Hyun Kwak , Jean Kyung Paik

Background and aims

Selenium consumption influences the association between obesity and hypertension (HTN) in elderly individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and HTN prevalence based on selenium intake in elderly individuals.

Methods and results

The participants were 198 individuals aged ≥ 65 years who visited the Seongnam Elderly Friendly Experience Center and belonged to the active senior group (those with no activity restrictions). Nutritional status was evaluated using a 24-h recall survey conducted by a professional nutritionist. The participants were classified as having HTN if they were diagnosed by a physician. The body mass index was classified as normal (< 23 kg/m²), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m²), or obese (≥ 25 kg/m²). Selenium intake was classified as high or low according to the cutoff average value (50.9 μg/day). Among participants with low selenium intake, analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise status, current medication, and dietary factors (intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fat, and fiber) showed that higher body mass index categories had significant dose-dependent trends with a higher risk of HTN (p = 0.004). The odds ratio for HTN in the obese vs. normal weight groups was 8.30 (95 % confidence interval; 1.92–32.91, p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between obesity status and HTN in participants with high selenium intake.

Conclusion

Among obese older adults, low selenium intake was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of HTN, whereas this association was not observed in those with higher selenium intake (≥50.9 μg/day).

背景与目的硒的摄入影响老年人肥胖与高血压（HTN）之间的关系。本研究旨在基于老年人硒摄入量评估肥胖与HTN患病率之间的关系。方法与结果研究对象为198名年龄≥65岁，在城南老年人友好体验中心进行活动的老年人组（无活动限制）。营养状况通过由专业营养师进行的24小时召回调查进行评估。如果被医生诊断为HTN，则被归类为HTN。体重指数分为正常（< 23 kg/m2）、超重（23 - 24.9 kg/m2）和肥胖（≥25 kg/m2）。根据截止平均值（50.9 μg/d）将硒摄入量分为高硒摄入量和低硒摄入量。在低硒摄入量的参与者中，对年龄、性别、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、运动状况、当前药物治疗和饮食因素（碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和纤维的摄入）进行调整后的分析显示，较高的体重指数类别具有显著的剂量依赖趋势，HTN的风险较高（p = 0.004）。肥胖组与正常体重组HTN的比值比为8.30（95 %可信区间；1.92-32.91,p <； 0.05）。然而，在高硒摄入量的参与者中，肥胖状况和HTN之间没有显著差异。结论在肥胖老年人中，低硒摄入量与HTN患病率增加显著相关，而高硒摄入量（≥50.9 μg/d）的老年人中没有观察到这种关联。

{"title":"Obesity status, hypertension, and selenium intake in the elderly","authors":"Jung Hyun Kwak , Jean Kyung Paik","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Selenium consumption influences the association between obesity and hypertension (HTN) in elderly individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and HTN prevalence based on selenium intake in elderly individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><div>The participants were 198 individuals aged ≥ 65 years who visited the Seongnam Elderly Friendly Experience Center and belonged to the active senior group (those with no activity restrictions). Nutritional status was evaluated using a 24-h recall survey conducted by a professional nutritionist. The participants were classified as having HTN if they were diagnosed by a physician. The body mass index was classified as normal (< 23 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), or obese (≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Selenium intake was classified as high or low according to the cutoff average value (50.9 μg/day). Among participants with low selenium intake, analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise status, current medication, and dietary factors (intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fat, and fiber) showed that higher body mass index categories had significant dose-dependent trends with a higher risk of HTN (<em>p</em> = 0.004). The odds ratio for HTN in the obese vs. normal weight groups was 8.30 (95 % confidence interval; 1.92–32.91, p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between obesity status and HTN in participants with high selenium intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among obese older adults, low selenium intake was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of HTN, whereas this association was not observed in those with higher selenium intake (≥50.9 μg/day).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of omega-3 supplementation on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials 补充omega-3对血浆脂蛋白(a)水平的影响：随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100468

Luis E. Simental-Mendía , Paola Aguillón-Marín , Amirhossein Sahebkar

Background

Omega-3 fatty acids exhibit health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-arthritis properties. However, the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], which is causally associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, is inconsistent. While some studies have shown a significant decrease in Lp(a) levels, others have found no significant changes after omega-3 PUFA administration. Therefore, the goal of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation on plasma Lp(a) levels.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases from inception to February 14, 2025. A fixed-effects model and the generic inverse variance weighting method were employed for meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 12 randomized controlled trials, comprising 9722 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed no significant effect of omega-3 supplementation on plasma Lp(a) concentrations (WMD: −0.54 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −1.52, 0.44, p = 0.28, I² = 4 %). This finding was robust in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Additionally, there were no significant changes in Lp(a) values after omega-3 administration in the subset of clinical trials with baseline Lp(a) < 30 mg/dL (WMD: −0.48 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −1.47, 0.51, p = 0.35, I² = 0 %) and ≥ 30 mg/dL (WMD: −5.03 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −13.42, 3.37, p = 0.24, I² = 22 %).

Conclusion

The findings of our study suggest that omega-3 supplementation does not affect plasma Lp(a) levels.

omega -3脂肪酸具有健康益处，包括抗炎、保护心脏、抗癌和抗关节炎的特性。然而，omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）对与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病有因果关系的脂蛋白(a) [Lp(a)]的影响并不一致。虽然一些研究表明Lp(a)水平显著下降，但其他研究发现服用omega-3 PUFA后没有显著变化。因此，这项随机对照试验的荟萃分析的目的是研究补充omega-3对血浆Lp(a)水平的影响。方法系统检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、ClinicalTrials.gov、谷歌Scholar等数据库自成立至2025年2月14日的文献。采用固定效应模型和通用方差逆加权法进行meta分析。结果meta分析共纳入12项随机对照试验，共9722名受试者。结果显示，补充omega-3对血浆Lp(a)浓度无显著影响（WMD:−0.54 mg/dL, 95 % CI:−1.52,0.44,p = 0.28,I2 = 4 %）。这一发现在留一敏感性分析中是稳健的。此外,没有明显的变化后Lp (a)值omega - 3管理临床试验与基线子集的Lp (a) & lt; 30 mg / dL(大规模杀伤性武器: −0.48 mg / dL 95 % CI:−1.47,0.51,p = 0.35,I2 = 0 %)和≥30  mg / dL(大规模杀伤性武器: −5.03 mg / dL 95 % CI:−13.42,3.37,p = 0.24,I2 = 22 %)。结论本研究结果表明，补充omega-3不会影响血浆Lp(a)水平。

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引用次数: 0

Calcium carbonate-enriched Cucurbita maxima increases the relative expression level of the PCSK9 gene in the liver of ovariectomized rats 富碳酸钙南瓜可提高去卵巢大鼠肝脏PCSK9基因的相对表达水平

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100467

Natalia Wawrzyniak , Joanna Stecyna , Anna Gramza-Michałowska , Joanna Suliburska

This study aimed to determine the effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) enriched with calcium carbonate on the PCSK9 gene relative expression level in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The study was conducted in forty female Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups: a group fed a standard diet (C) and four ovariectomized groups fed a standard diet (OVX_C): a group receiving a calcium-free diet (OVX_DEF), a group receiving a calcium-deficient diet with the addition of unenriched C.maxima (OVX_P), and the OVX_PCaC group that was fed a diet with the addition of C. maxima enriched with calcium carbonate. After 12 weeks of the dietary intervention, the rats were sacriﬁced, and their tissues and blood were collected. Serum levels of inflammatory markers, antioxidants, and lipids were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The PCSK9 gene relative expression level was assessed using quantitative PCR. It was found that ovariectomy decreased PCSK9 gene expression. Enriched C. maxima, particularly with calcium carbonate, increased PCSK9 expression above control levels. LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were affected by ovariectomy but not by diet modifications. A significant increase in serum C-reactive protein was observed after consuming unenriched C. maxima, as opposed to C. maxima enriched with calcium. However, after consuming both types of C. maxima, the concentration of cyclooxygenase 2 and lipoxygenase 1 in the serum decreased. These findings indicate that calcium-enriched C. maxima modulates PCSK9 expression, inflammation, and lipid metabolism, offering potential benefits in managing estrogen deficiency-related metabolic disturbances.

本研究旨在探讨富碳酸钙南瓜（Cucurbita maxima）对绝经后骨质疏松动物模型中PCSK9基因相对表达水平的影响。以40只雌性Wistar大鼠为研究对象，将其分为5组：1组饲喂标准饲料(C)， 4组去卵巢饲料（OVX_C）； 1组饲喂无钙饲料（OVX_DEF）； 1组饲喂缺钙饲料（添加未添加的C.maxima）； 1组饲喂添加富含碳酸钙的C.maxima (OVX_P)；饮食干预12周后，处死大鼠，采集组织和血液。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清炎症标志物、抗氧化剂和脂质水平。采用定量PCR检测PCSK9基因的相对表达量。发现卵巢切除术降低了PCSK9基因的表达。富集的C. maxima，特别是碳酸钙，使PCSK9的表达高于对照水平。低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度受卵巢切除术的影响，但不受饮食改变的影响。与富含钙的c - maxima相比，食用未富集的c - maxima后血清c -反应蛋白显著增加。然而，摄入两种类型的双歧杆菌后，血清中环加氧酶2和脂加氧酶1的浓度降低。这些发现表明，富含钙的C. maxima调节PCSK9的表达、炎症和脂质代谢，在管理雌激素缺乏相关的代谢紊乱方面提供了潜在的益处。

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引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial-derived peptides (Humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLP2) protect pancreatic islet cells and delay the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice 线粒体衍生肽（Humanin、MOTS-c和SHLP2）保护胰岛细胞，延缓小鼠2型糖尿病的发生和进展

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100480

Tiyesh Paul , Oly Banerjee , Sangeeta Das , Bithin Kumar Maji , Srikanta Goswami , Sandip Mukherjee

The incidence of diabetes and related metabolic disorders has risen dramatically worldwide over the past few decades, leading to millions of new diagnoses each year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex condition characterized by reduced insulin secretion, increased hepatic glucose production, and heightened insulin resistance. As these conditions become more prevalent, targeting mitochondrial function presents a promising therapeutic strategy. Research into mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) offers potential avenues for personalized medicine in managing T2DM. To investigate the role of MDPs in the onset and progression of T2DM, we administered humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLP2, both individually and in combination, to a high-fat diet (HFD) plus streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse model over a period of nine weeks. MDP administration delayed diabetes onset, as evidenced by a lower diabetes induction rate, and mitigated HFD + STZ-induced alterations in body weight, HbA1c levels, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and pancreatic islet cell dysfunction. Furthermore, MDP treatment influenced the expression of insulin and glucagon within pancreatic islets. Notably, the combined MDPs treatment group exhibited the most significant therapeutic effects, particularly at six weeks post-STZ administration. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of MDPs in preventing and delaying T2DM, providing valuable insights into effective strategies for managing the disease's onset and progression.

在过去的几十年里，糖尿病和相关代谢紊乱的发病率在世界范围内急剧上升，每年导致数百万新诊断。2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种复杂的疾病，其特征是胰岛素分泌减少、肝脏葡萄糖生成增加和胰岛素抵抗加剧。随着这些疾病变得越来越普遍，针对线粒体功能提出了一种有希望的治疗策略。线粒体衍生肽（MDPs）的研究为个性化治疗T2DM提供了潜在的途径。为了研究MDPs在T2DM发病和进展中的作用，我们给高脂饮食（HFD）加链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的小鼠模型单独或联合给药人蛋白、MOTS-c和SHLP2，为期9周。通过降低糖尿病诱导率可以证明，MDP延缓了糖尿病的发生，并减轻了HFD + stz引起的体重、HbA1c水平、葡萄糖稳态、胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能障碍的改变。此外，MDP治疗影响了胰岛内胰岛素和胰高血糖素的表达。值得注意的是，联合MDPs治疗组表现出最显著的治疗效果，特别是在stz给药后6周。这些发现强调了MDPs在预防和延缓T2DM方面的治疗潜力，为控制疾病的发生和进展提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Role of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents in inflammatory diseases 黄酮类化合物在炎性疾病中的抗炎作用

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100464

Rajan Malhotra , Adil Husain , Firoz Ahmad , Gurseen Rakhra

Inflammation is a complex response at a biological level that is triggered when the body senses potential harm, such as infections, physical trauma, or toxins. It involves a cascade of cellular and molecular events aimed at the repair of tissue damage. Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and arthritis. Flavonoids, a diverse variety of plant-derived polyphenols, have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects, both in vivo and in vitro. Since their initial identification as protective agents against intestinal inflammation, flavonoids have been shown to modulate inflammation through several mechanisms, including antioxidant effects and enzyme inhibition. Different classes of flavonoids, such as catechins (e.g., epigallocatechin gallate), flavonols (e.g., quercetin), flavones (e.g., baicalin), and isoflavones (e.g., genistein), act on inflammatory mediators like AP-1, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and COX2 to reduce inflammation. Their anti-inflammatory potential is linked to their specific structural characteristics, including their hydroxyl groups and planar ring structures. Current findings suggest that flavonoids could play a significant role in managing inflammatory diseases by targeting multiple regulatory pathways, although their efficacy and bioavailability in clinical applications remain areas for further research. With the outstanding roles in the fighting against inflammation and its related diseases, these compounds face certain limitations in applicability, like poor oral bio-availability because of a rapid rate of metabolism and lipophilicity that interfere with proving their effectiveness. They also show some side effects, such as contact dermatitis, failure of liver, estrogen-associated issues, and hemolytic anemia. In this review, we highlight the significance of flavonoids in inflammatory diseases as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the effectiveness of flavonoids is often limited by low oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and potential side effects such as contact dermatitis, hepatotoxicity, and estrogenic activity in chronic inflammatory diseases.

炎症是一种复杂的生物反应，当身体感觉到潜在的伤害，如感染、身体创伤或毒素时，就会触发炎症。它涉及一系列旨在修复组织损伤的细胞和分子事件。慢性炎症与多种疾病有关，包括炎症性肠病（IBD）和关节炎。黄酮类化合物是一种多种植物源性多酚，在体内和体外均显示出良好的抗炎作用。黄酮类化合物最初被认为是肠道炎症的保护剂，目前已被证明通过多种机制调节炎症，包括抗氧化作用和酶抑制作用。不同种类的黄酮，如儿茶素（如表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯）、黄酮醇（如槲皮素）、黄酮（如黄芩苷）和异黄酮（如染料木素），作用于炎症介质，如AP-1、TNF-α、NF-κB、IL-1β和COX2，以减轻炎症。它们的抗炎潜力与它们的特定结构特征有关，包括它们的羟基和平面环结构。目前的研究结果表明，黄酮类化合物可能通过靶向多种调节途径在控制炎症性疾病中发挥重要作用，尽管其临床应用的有效性和生物利用度仍有待进一步研究。由于这些化合物在对抗炎症及其相关疾病方面的突出作用，它们的适用性面临一定的限制，如由于代谢速度快和亲脂性，口服生物利用度较差，影响了其有效性的证明。它们也有一些副作用，如接触性皮炎、肝功能衰竭、雌激素相关问题和溶血性贫血。本文综述了黄酮类化合物作为抗炎剂在炎症性疾病中的重要作用。然而，黄酮类化合物的有效性往往受到口服生物利用度低、代谢迅速和潜在副作用（如接触性皮炎、肝毒性和慢性炎症性疾病中的雌激素活性）的限制。

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引用次数: 0

Methodological gaps in research on pre-exercise caffeine supplementation and exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review 运动前咖啡因补充和运动引起的肌肉损伤研究的方法学空白：系统回顾

IF 2.4 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100476

Teppei Matsumura , Shunya Nonoyama , Takeshi Hashimoto

Background

Caffeine is widely used to enhance various types of exercise performance during competitions and training. However, results regarding the influence of caffeine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) have been inconsistent. This may be due to the conceptual confusion arising from the mixing of pre- and post-exercise caffeine supplementation in previous studies examining caffeine and EIMD. Given caffeine’s widespread use before exercise, this systematic review aimed to explore the influence of “pre-exercise” caffeine supplementation on EIMD and to provide concise insights into the issues with previous experiments.

Methods

A systematic literature search from 3 databases was conducted to examine human studies investigating the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD.

Results

A total of 17 studies were included in this review. While 3 of the 17 studies reported an increase in creatine kinase (CK) immediately after exercise, the remaining studies did not report changes in CK activities between the caffeine/placebo groups/conditions. However, almost all of the included studies assessed EIMD by focusing on blood markers (almost exclusively CK) even though post-exercise CK activities are poor indicators of EIMD. These facts highlight the limited validity of previous results assessing the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD. Specifically, no study has assessed maximal voluntary torque, an appropriate EIMD marker, while accounting for the confounding ergogenic effects of caffeine itself.

Conclusion

This systematic review revealed that the available data are insufficient to draw conclusions regarding the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD due to methodological limitations in the included studies.

咖啡因在比赛和训练中被广泛用于提高各种类型的运动表现。然而，关于咖啡因补充对运动性肌肉损伤（EIMD）的影响的结果一直不一致。这可能是由于之前研究咖啡因和EIMD的研究中，运动前和运动后咖啡因补充的混合引起的概念混乱。鉴于咖啡因在运动前的广泛使用，本系统综述旨在探讨“运动前”咖啡因补充对EIMD的影响，并对先前实验中的问题提供简明的见解。方法对3个数据库进行系统的文献检索，对运动前补充咖啡因对EIMD影响的人体研究进行分析。结果本综述共纳入17项研究。虽然17项研究中有3项报告运动后肌酸激酶（CK）立即增加，但其余研究没有报告咖啡因/安慰剂组/条件之间CK活性的变化。然而，几乎所有纳入的研究都通过关注血液标志物（几乎全部是CK）来评估EIMD，尽管运动后CK活动是EIMD的不良指标。这些事实强调了先前评估运动前咖啡因补充对EIMD影响的结果的有限有效性。具体来说，没有研究评估最大自主扭矩，一个适当的EIMD标志，同时考虑咖啡因本身的混杂的人体原效。本系统综述显示，由于纳入研究的方法学限制，现有数据不足以得出关于运动前补充咖啡因对EIMD影响的结论。

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引用次数: 0