The review aims at discussing the therapeutic potential of Murrayanine, a bioactive compound obtained by using Murraya koenigii, as a new strategy in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Due to the prevalence of breast cancer across the world and the constraints of traditional treatment methods, this review examines the multiple mechanisms of action of Murrayanine, such as inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth, as well as altering major signalling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, NF-kB, and MAPK. There is support of evidence regarding preclinical studies, which indicate that Murrayanine has strong anticancer activity in that it is effective against a range of cancer cell types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer. It has been demonstrated to overcome multidrug resistance and minimise the levels of chemotherapy induced cytotoxicity to normal cells, thereby increasing the therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemotherapy agents, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. In addition, Murrayanine as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent also adds to its protective effects by preventing oxidative stress and inflammation associated with cancer progression. The main conclusions indicate the synergistic value of Murrayanine with chemotherapy that can be used to enhance the treatment process, decrease the adverse effects. Nevertheless, its issues like low bioavailability and the necessity to engage more clinical validation should be resolved to make the full translation of Murrayanine to clinical practise possible. The review recommends further investigation of the role of Murrayanine in the integrative cancer therapy.
{"title":"Breast cancer insights: Significance of Murraya koenigii and their potential in prevention and therapeutic intervention","authors":"Jayashree Venugopal , Surabhi Panneerselvam , Gayathri rajaram , Panneerselvam Theivendren","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The review aims at discussing the therapeutic potential of Murrayanine, a bioactive compound obtained by using <em>Murraya koenigii</em>, as a new strategy in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Due to the prevalence of breast cancer across the world and the constraints of traditional treatment methods, this review examines the multiple mechanisms of action of Murrayanine, such as inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth, as well as altering major signalling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, NF-kB, and MAPK. There is support of evidence regarding preclinical studies, which indicate that Murrayanine has strong anticancer activity in that it is effective against a range of cancer cell types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer. It has been demonstrated to overcome multidrug resistance and minimise the levels of chemotherapy induced cytotoxicity to normal cells, thereby increasing the therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemotherapy agents, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. In addition, Murrayanine as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent also adds to its protective effects by preventing oxidative stress and inflammation associated with cancer progression. The main conclusions indicate the synergistic value of Murrayanine with chemotherapy that can be used to enhance the treatment process, decrease the adverse effects. Nevertheless, its issues like low bioavailability and the necessity to engage more clinical validation should be resolved to make the full translation of Murrayanine to clinical practise possible. The review recommends further investigation of the role of Murrayanine in the integrative cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-conventional edible plants are native veggies that can grow in various settings. They can sprout in backyards, vacant lots, sidewalks, and abandoned vegetable gardens. Ora-pro-nobis (Latin for "pray for us") is a non-conventional food plant that is highly nutritious and has been gaining attention for its culinary and medicinal properties. However, despite its well-known nutritional composition, only a few experimental and clinical studies have assessed the efficacy of Ora-pro-nobis and its bioactive compounds in preventing and treating chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, this mini-narrative review discusses the potential advantages of Ora-pro-nobis as a nutritional approach for treating and preventing NCDs.
{"title":"Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia sp.) as an unconventional edible plant: Nutritional potential, bioactive compounds, and evidence related to non-communicable chronic diseases","authors":"Livia Alvarenga , Julie Lobo , Renata Cristina Bezerra Rodrigues , Juliana Guimarães da Silva , Orquídea Vasconcelos dos Santos , Denise Mafra","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-conventional edible plants are native veggies that can grow in various settings. They can sprout in backyards, vacant lots, sidewalks, and abandoned vegetable gardens. Ora-pro-nobis (Latin for \"pray for us\") is a non-conventional food plant that is highly nutritious and has been gaining attention for its culinary and medicinal properties. However, despite its well-known nutritional composition, only a few experimental and clinical studies have assessed the efficacy of Ora-pro-nobis and its bioactive compounds in preventing and treating chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, this mini-narrative review discusses the potential advantages of Ora-pro-nobis as a nutritional approach for treating and preventing NCDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100480
Tiyesh Paul , Oly Banerjee , Sangeeta Das , Bithin Kumar Maji , Srikanta Goswami , Sandip Mukherjee
The incidence of diabetes and related metabolic disorders has risen dramatically worldwide over the past few decades, leading to millions of new diagnoses each year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex condition characterized by reduced insulin secretion, increased hepatic glucose production, and heightened insulin resistance. As these conditions become more prevalent, targeting mitochondrial function presents a promising therapeutic strategy. Research into mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) offers potential avenues for personalized medicine in managing T2DM. To investigate the role of MDPs in the onset and progression of T2DM, we administered humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLP2, both individually and in combination, to a high-fat diet (HFD) plus streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse model over a period of nine weeks. MDP administration delayed diabetes onset, as evidenced by a lower diabetes induction rate, and mitigated HFD + STZ-induced alterations in body weight, HbA1c levels, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and pancreatic islet cell dysfunction. Furthermore, MDP treatment influenced the expression of insulin and glucagon within pancreatic islets. Notably, the combined MDPs treatment group exhibited the most significant therapeutic effects, particularly at six weeks post-STZ administration. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of MDPs in preventing and delaying T2DM, providing valuable insights into effective strategies for managing the disease's onset and progression.
{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptides (Humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLP2) protect pancreatic islet cells and delay the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice","authors":"Tiyesh Paul , Oly Banerjee , Sangeeta Das , Bithin Kumar Maji , Srikanta Goswami , Sandip Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of diabetes and related metabolic disorders has risen dramatically worldwide over the past few decades, leading to millions of new diagnoses each year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex condition characterized by reduced insulin secretion, increased hepatic glucose production, and heightened insulin resistance. As these conditions become more prevalent, targeting mitochondrial function presents a promising therapeutic strategy. Research into mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) offers potential avenues for personalized medicine in managing T2DM. To investigate the role of MDPs in the onset and progression of T2DM, we administered humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLP2, both individually and in combination, to a high-fat diet (HFD) plus streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse model over a period of nine weeks. MDP administration delayed diabetes onset, as evidenced by a lower diabetes induction rate, and mitigated HFD + STZ-induced alterations in body weight, HbA1c levels, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and pancreatic islet cell dysfunction. Furthermore, MDP treatment influenced the expression of insulin and glucagon within pancreatic islets. Notably, the combined MDPs treatment group exhibited the most significant therapeutic effects, particularly at six weeks post-STZ administration. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of MDPs in preventing and delaying T2DM, providing valuable insights into effective strategies for managing the disease's onset and progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100475
Rupal Patel , Anita Prakasam , Rajesh P. Joseph , Bhoomika Patel , Bhavisha Patel
Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly referred to as Tulsi or Holy Basil, is a sacred plant in traditional Indian medicine, celebrated for its therapeutic versatility. Tulsi has numerous therapeutic properties, including adaptogenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory benefits, according to numerous in vitro, animal, and human research. It has been used extensively in traditional Indian medicine and is now backed by a wealth of scientific data. Tulsi has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, adaptogenic, and immune-modulating effects. It is well-known for its safety and non-toxic profile. Key bioactive components like eugenol, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, linalool, and cineole contribute to decreased airway inflammation, improved lung function, decreased oxidative stress, and enhanced mucociliary clearance. This is where its therapeutic promise is most evident in respiratory health. According to clinical research, Tulsi relieves the symptoms of cough, cold, asthma, bronchitis, and COPD. When taken either on its own or in conjunction with other treatments, including steam inhalation, it frequently lessens the need for inhaler therapy and speeds up recovery. Tulsi exhibits notable adaptogenic qualities in addition to respiratory advantages. Tulsi helps control cortisol levels, promotes stress coping strategies, improves sleep quality, and lessens psychological symptoms including anxiety, exhaustion, and cognitive impairment, according to experimental and clinical data. Enzymes and receptors such COMT, 11β-HSD1, and CRHR1 mediate these effects, which enhance neuroendocrine balance and mental resilience. To standardize dosage, confirm long-term efficacy, and improve its incorporation into complementary and integrative health practices, more extensive clinical research is advised.
{"title":"Ancient herb, modern applications: Immunological potential of ocimum tenuiflorum in respiratory and neuropsychological health","authors":"Rupal Patel , Anita Prakasam , Rajesh P. Joseph , Bhoomika Patel , Bhavisha Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly referred to as Tulsi or Holy Basil, is a sacred plant in traditional Indian medicine, celebrated for its therapeutic versatility. Tulsi has numerous therapeutic properties, including adaptogenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory benefits, according to numerous in vitro, animal, and human research. It has been used extensively in traditional Indian medicine and is now backed by a wealth of scientific data. Tulsi has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, adaptogenic, and immune-modulating effects. It is well-known for its safety and non-toxic profile. Key bioactive components like eugenol, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, linalool, and cineole contribute to decreased airway inflammation, improved lung function, decreased oxidative stress, and enhanced mucociliary clearance. This is where its therapeutic promise is most evident in respiratory health. According to clinical research, Tulsi relieves the symptoms of cough, cold, asthma, bronchitis, and COPD. When taken either on its own or in conjunction with other treatments, including steam inhalation, it frequently lessens the need for inhaler therapy and speeds up recovery. Tulsi exhibits notable adaptogenic qualities in addition to respiratory advantages. Tulsi helps control cortisol levels, promotes stress coping strategies, improves sleep quality, and lessens psychological symptoms including anxiety, exhaustion, and cognitive impairment, according to experimental and clinical data. Enzymes and receptors such COMT, 11β-HSD1, and CRHR1 mediate these effects, which enhance neuroendocrine balance and mental resilience. To standardize dosage, confirm long-term efficacy, and improve its incorporation into complementary and integrative health practices, more extensive clinical research is advised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100474
Arfa Azhar , Syed Mahboob Alam , Faiza Alam , Fatima Abid , Aysha Habib , Rehana Rehman
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Pakistan, among women, with 67–85 % of those diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) having serum vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired ovarian reserve and increased oxidative stress, both of which contribute to female infertility. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral vitamin D supplementation versus a single intramuscular dose on ovarian reserve and oxidative stress markers in infertile women with low vitamin D levels.
Methods
This quasi-interventional study was conducted collaboratively by the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre and Aga Khan University, Karachi. Participants were divided into PCOS (Group A, n = 120) and non-PCOS (Group B, n = 60) groups. Vitamin D–deficient participants received a single intramuscular injection of vitamin D (200,000 IU), while vitamin D–insufficient participants received oral vitamin D (50,000 IU weekly). All participants were followed for 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test and paired t-test in SPSS version 22, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results
Significant improvements in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels were observed from baseline to post-treatment in vitamin D–insufficient PCOS and non-PCOS participants receiving oral supplementation (p < 0.01). Similarly, vitamin D–deficient participants who received intramuscular vitamin D showed highly significant increases in AMH, TAOC, and PON-1 levels (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Intramuscular vitamin D administration effectively improves ovarian reserve and reduces oxidative stress in vitamin D–deficient infertile women. Oral vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for improving AMH, TAOC, and PON-1 levels in vitamin D–insufficient infertile women. Therefore, assessment of vitamin D status should be performed before initiating infertility treatment.
{"title":"Vitamin D supplementation and its role in modulating ovarian reserve and oxidative stress in infertile females","authors":"Arfa Azhar , Syed Mahboob Alam , Faiza Alam , Fatima Abid , Aysha Habib , Rehana Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Pakistan, among women, with 67–85 % of those diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) having serum vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired ovarian reserve and increased oxidative stress, both of which contribute to female infertility. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral vitamin D supplementation versus a single intramuscular dose on ovarian reserve and oxidative stress markers in infertile women with low vitamin D levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This quasi-interventional study was conducted collaboratively by the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre and Aga Khan University, Karachi. Participants were divided into PCOS (Group A, n = 120) and non-PCOS (Group B, n = 60) groups. Vitamin D–deficient participants received a single intramuscular injection of vitamin D (200,000 IU), while vitamin D–insufficient participants received oral vitamin D (50,000 IU weekly). All participants were followed for 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test and paired t-test in SPSS version 22, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant improvements in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels were observed from baseline to post-treatment in vitamin D–insufficient PCOS and non-PCOS participants receiving oral supplementation (p < 0.01). Similarly, vitamin D–deficient participants who received intramuscular vitamin D showed highly significant increases in AMH, TAOC, and PON-1 levels (p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intramuscular vitamin D administration effectively improves ovarian reserve and reduces oxidative stress in vitamin D–deficient infertile women. Oral vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for improving AMH, TAOC, and PON-1 levels in vitamin D–insufficient infertile women. Therefore, assessment of vitamin D status should be performed before initiating infertility treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100472
Amol Patil, Durgacharan Bhagwat
Caffeic acid (CA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in coffee, fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It exhibits significant anticancer potential via multiple biological mechanisms. In healthy cells, CA acts as an antioxidant, while in cancer cells it exerts pro-oxidant effects that promote cytotoxicity. CA induces apoptosis through Bcl-2 suppression, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Furthermore, it inhibits tumor metastasis by downregulating Snail and matrix metalloproteinases, and counters multidrug resistance by inhibiting efflux pump activity. CA’s derivative, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), shares these properties and exhibits synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic agents such as tamoxifen and doxorubicin. Despite compelling preclinical evidence, clinical application is limited by CA’s low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Innovative drug delivery strategies, including nanoparticles, liposomes, and targeted systems, are being explored to overcome these challenges. Early-phase clinical trials in cancers are underway, investigating CA as a potential adjuvant or chemosensitizer. While clinical data remain sparse, CA holds promise as an integrative component in cancer therapy, warranting further investigation in well-designed clinical studies.
{"title":"Caffeic acid and its derivatives as multifunctional anticancer agents: From mechanisms to clinical prospects","authors":"Amol Patil, Durgacharan Bhagwat","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caffeic acid (CA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in coffee, fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It exhibits significant anticancer potential via multiple biological mechanisms. In healthy cells, CA acts as an antioxidant, while in cancer cells it exerts pro-oxidant effects that promote cytotoxicity. CA induces apoptosis through Bcl-2 suppression, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Furthermore, it inhibits tumor metastasis by downregulating Snail and matrix metalloproteinases, and counters multidrug resistance by inhibiting efflux pump activity. CA’s derivative, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), shares these properties and exhibits synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic agents such as tamoxifen and doxorubicin. Despite compelling preclinical evidence, clinical application is limited by CA’s low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Innovative drug delivery strategies, including nanoparticles, liposomes, and targeted systems, are being explored to overcome these challenges. Early-phase clinical trials in cancers are underway, investigating CA as a potential adjuvant or chemosensitizer. While clinical data remain sparse, CA holds promise as an integrative component in cancer therapy, warranting further investigation in well-designed clinical studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100473
Juan Lu , Wei Wei , Zhixin Tang , Kang Li , Shouyue Zhang , Shuai Wu , Yuyao Yang , Yang Liu , Xiaohui Hua
<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene (B[<em>a</em>]P) is a ubiquitous environmental carcinogen strongly associated with lung cancer. While numerous phytochemicals have been identified as possessing preventive properties against B[<em>a</em>]P-induced lung cancer, existing studies have primarily focused on the effects of individual phytochemicals. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate and compare the preventive effects of various phytochemicals on B[<em>a</em>]P-induced lung cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases for publications regarding the preventive effects of phytochemicals in animal models of B[<em>a</em>]P-induced lung tumors. We screened original articles providing data on lung tumor incidence, lung lipid peroxides, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Ultimately, 21 publications were included in our analysis, and statistical evaluation was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate that phytochemicals significantly reduce the incidence of lung tumors [OR = 0.03, 95 % CI = (0.01, 0.09), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 0 %] and decrease lipid peroxide (LPO) levels [SMD = -3.71, 95 %CI = (-4.80, -2.62), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 0 %]. Additionally, phytochemicals significantly enhance the secretion of lung antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) [SMD = 3.25, 95 % CI = (2.60, 3.90), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 42 %], catalase (CAT) [SMD = 2.94, 95 % CI = (2.44, 3.44), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 0 %], glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [SMD = 3.77, 95 % CI = (2.59, 4.96), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 68 %], Glutathione S-transferase (GST) [SMD = 2.79, 95 % CI = (2.21, 3.38), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 5 %], Glutathione reductase (GR) [SMD = 3.85, 95 % CI = (3.13, 4.57), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 23 %], and glutathione (GSH) [SMD = 4.07, 95 % CI = (2.38, 5.75), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 77 %]. Moreover, they promote the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the lungs, such as Vitamin C (Vit C) [SMD = 2.66, 95 % CI = (1.64, 3.68), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 72 %] and Vitamin E (Vit E) [SMD = 3.32, 95 % CI = (2.34, 4.30), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 57 %]. In this study, we grouped all phytochemicals as a single category; however, varying mechanisms among different compounds may contribute to the observed heterogeneity in some results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Phytochemicals exhibit a statistically significant preventive effect against B[<em>a</em>]P-induced lung tumors in mice. Therefore, supplementation with appropriate phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and carotenoids, may serve as a viable strategy for chemoprevention. However, given that this study is based on animal models, further re
{"title":"Meta-analysis of the preventive effects of phytochemicals on Benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumors in animal models","authors":"Juan Lu , Wei Wei , Zhixin Tang , Kang Li , Shouyue Zhang , Shuai Wu , Yuyao Yang , Yang Liu , Xiaohui Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene (B[<em>a</em>]P) is a ubiquitous environmental carcinogen strongly associated with lung cancer. While numerous phytochemicals have been identified as possessing preventive properties against B[<em>a</em>]P-induced lung cancer, existing studies have primarily focused on the effects of individual phytochemicals. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate and compare the preventive effects of various phytochemicals on B[<em>a</em>]P-induced lung cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases for publications regarding the preventive effects of phytochemicals in animal models of B[<em>a</em>]P-induced lung tumors. We screened original articles providing data on lung tumor incidence, lung lipid peroxides, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Ultimately, 21 publications were included in our analysis, and statistical evaluation was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate that phytochemicals significantly reduce the incidence of lung tumors [OR = 0.03, 95 % CI = (0.01, 0.09), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 0 %] and decrease lipid peroxide (LPO) levels [SMD = -3.71, 95 %CI = (-4.80, -2.62), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 0 %]. Additionally, phytochemicals significantly enhance the secretion of lung antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) [SMD = 3.25, 95 % CI = (2.60, 3.90), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 42 %], catalase (CAT) [SMD = 2.94, 95 % CI = (2.44, 3.44), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 0 %], glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [SMD = 3.77, 95 % CI = (2.59, 4.96), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 68 %], Glutathione S-transferase (GST) [SMD = 2.79, 95 % CI = (2.21, 3.38), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 5 %], Glutathione reductase (GR) [SMD = 3.85, 95 % CI = (3.13, 4.57), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 23 %], and glutathione (GSH) [SMD = 4.07, 95 % CI = (2.38, 5.75), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 77 %]. Moreover, they promote the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the lungs, such as Vitamin C (Vit C) [SMD = 2.66, 95 % CI = (1.64, 3.68), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 72 %] and Vitamin E (Vit E) [SMD = 3.32, 95 % CI = (2.34, 4.30), <em>P</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 57 %]. In this study, we grouped all phytochemicals as a single category; however, varying mechanisms among different compounds may contribute to the observed heterogeneity in some results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Phytochemicals exhibit a statistically significant preventive effect against B[<em>a</em>]P-induced lung tumors in mice. Therefore, supplementation with appropriate phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and carotenoids, may serve as a viable strategy for chemoprevention. However, given that this study is based on animal models, further re","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100464
Rajan Malhotra , Adil Husain , Firoz Ahmad , Gurseen Rakhra
Inflammation is a complex response at a biological level that is triggered when the body senses potential harm, such as infections, physical trauma, or toxins. It involves a cascade of cellular and molecular events aimed at the repair of tissue damage. Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and arthritis. Flavonoids, a diverse variety of plant-derived polyphenols, have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects, both in vivo and in vitro. Since their initial identification as protective agents against intestinal inflammation, flavonoids have been shown to modulate inflammation through several mechanisms, including antioxidant effects and enzyme inhibition. Different classes of flavonoids, such as catechins (e.g., epigallocatechin gallate), flavonols (e.g., quercetin), flavones (e.g., baicalin), and isoflavones (e.g., genistein), act on inflammatory mediators like AP-1, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and COX2 to reduce inflammation. Their anti-inflammatory potential is linked to their specific structural characteristics, including their hydroxyl groups and planar ring structures. Current findings suggest that flavonoids could play a significant role in managing inflammatory diseases by targeting multiple regulatory pathways, although their efficacy and bioavailability in clinical applications remain areas for further research. With the outstanding roles in the fighting against inflammation and its related diseases, these compounds face certain limitations in applicability, like poor oral bio-availability because of a rapid rate of metabolism and lipophilicity that interfere with proving their effectiveness. They also show some side effects, such as contact dermatitis, failure of liver, estrogen-associated issues, and hemolytic anemia. In this review, we highlight the significance of flavonoids in inflammatory diseases as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the effectiveness of flavonoids is often limited by low oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and potential side effects such as contact dermatitis, hepatotoxicity, and estrogenic activity in chronic inflammatory diseases.
{"title":"Role of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents in inflammatory diseases","authors":"Rajan Malhotra , Adil Husain , Firoz Ahmad , Gurseen Rakhra","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammation is a complex response at a biological level that is triggered when the body senses potential harm, such as infections, physical trauma, or toxins. It involves a cascade of cellular and molecular events aimed at the repair of tissue damage. Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and arthritis. Flavonoids, a diverse variety of plant-derived polyphenols, have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects, both in vivo and in vitro. Since their initial identification as protective agents against intestinal inflammation, flavonoids have been shown to modulate inflammation through several mechanisms, including antioxidant effects and enzyme inhibition. Different classes of flavonoids, such as catechins (e.g., epigallocatechin gallate), flavonols (e.g., quercetin), flavones (e.g., baicalin), and isoflavones (e.g., genistein), act on inflammatory mediators like AP-1, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and COX2 to reduce inflammation. Their anti-inflammatory potential is linked to their specific structural characteristics, including their hydroxyl groups and planar ring structures. Current findings suggest that flavonoids could play a significant role in managing inflammatory diseases by targeting multiple regulatory pathways, although their efficacy and bioavailability in clinical applications remain areas for further research. With the outstanding roles in the fighting against inflammation and its related diseases, these compounds face certain limitations in applicability, like poor oral bio-availability because of a rapid rate of metabolism and lipophilicity that interfere with proving their effectiveness. They also show some side effects, such as contact dermatitis, failure of liver, estrogen-associated issues, and hemolytic anemia. In this review, we highlight the significance of flavonoids in inflammatory diseases as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the effectiveness of flavonoids is often limited by low oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and potential side effects such as contact dermatitis, hepatotoxicity, and estrogenic activity in chronic inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100471
Partha Pratim Sarma , Santanu Das , Swarnali Bhattacharjee , Mojibur R. Khan , Rajlakshmi Devi
Fruits and vegetables, including their derivatives or preparations, play a crucial role in maintaining overall human health due to their rich nutrient content, including vitamins, minerals, fibre, and antioxidants. Musa balbisiana (MB) and Garcinia pedunculata (GP) are two versatile medicinal plants, widely used by the ethnic people of the Indian subcontinent for their remarkable health benefits, without much scientific study. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of these fruit preparations on lowering lipid parameters and gut microbiota in aged albino Wistar rats. Our results indicate the potential of MB and GC (a candy prepared from GP) in managing blood lipid profiles such as HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, and kidney parameters. Additionally, microbiota study revealed higher bacterial diversity (alpha diversity) and a significant increase in beneficial gut bacteria such as Muribaculum, Phocaeicola, and Ruminococcus following the administration of GC and MB. Additionally, dominant taxa at the genus level showed a strong association with serum biochemical markers. GC-MS analysis identified important fecal metabolites with a significant role in managing gut microbial metabolism and systemic physiological responses. Overall, this study suggests the beneficial effects of MB and GC in managing healthy aging and gut microbial composition, thereby maintaining healthy gastrointestinal physiology.
{"title":"Beneficial effects of Musa balbisiana fruit pulp and Garcinia candy on gut microbiota alterations of aged albino Wistar rats","authors":"Partha Pratim Sarma , Santanu Das , Swarnali Bhattacharjee , Mojibur R. Khan , Rajlakshmi Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruits and vegetables, including their derivatives or preparations, play a crucial role in maintaining overall human health due to their rich nutrient content, including vitamins, minerals, fibre, and antioxidants. <em>Musa balbisiana</em> (MB) and <em>Garcinia pedunculata</em> (GP) are two versatile medicinal plants, widely used by the ethnic people of the Indian subcontinent for their remarkable health benefits, without much scientific study. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of these fruit preparations on lowering lipid parameters and gut microbiota in aged albino Wistar rats. Our results indicate the potential of MB and GC (a candy prepared from GP) in managing blood lipid profiles such as HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, and kidney parameters. Additionally, microbiota study revealed higher bacterial diversity (alpha diversity) and a significant increase in beneficial gut bacteria such as <em>Muribaculum</em>, <em>Phocaeicola</em>, and <em>Ruminococcus</em> following the administration of GC and MB. Additionally, dominant taxa at the genus level showed a strong association with serum biochemical markers. GC-MS analysis identified important fecal metabolites with a significant role in managing gut microbial metabolism and systemic physiological responses. Overall, this study suggests the beneficial effects of MB and GC in managing healthy aging and gut microbial composition, thereby maintaining healthy gastrointestinal physiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100470
Qiao Zhang , Yuqi Tang , Hao Nie , Xu Wang , Guangkui Wang , Chaoqiang Xiao
Calcium is essential for bone health and various physiological processes, but the poor water solubility of calcium supplements often leads to inadequate absorption and potential adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal discomfort. This study aims to evaluate and compare the in vitro dissolution characteristics and pharmacological performance of five commonly used calcium supplement preparations, with the goal of identifying formulations that offer improved solubility and bioavailability. We examined physical properties, pH values, and calcium dissolution content in artificial gastric fluid. Dissolved drug solutions were analyzed using online Raman spectroscopy, providing real-time insights into chemical transformations during dissolution. The in vitro dissolution profiles ranging from clear to turbid and pH values from 4.52 ± 0.05–10.18 ± 0.01. Calcium dissolution rates ranged from 47.53 ± 2.91 % to 88.65 ± 0.90 %. Online Raman spectroscopy revealed that calcium in compound calcium carbonate effervescent granules was transformed into calcium citrate malate, which exhibited high calcium content, weak acidity, and good water solubility as the most notable differences among the supplements. These findings highlight the large performance differences among various calcium carbonate preparations, providing a foundation for studies of calcium formulations with weak acidity and high water solubility. This study reveals insights for the development of calcium supplements with improved solubility and absorption; offers targeted suggestions for enhancing current quality standards; and provides a basis for rational selection of calcium supplements for different populations, including children, pregnant women, and other special groups, potentially improving clinical outcomes and overall health benefits.
{"title":"Pharmacological characteristics and solubility profiles of calcium supplement preparations: A comparative study with clinical implications","authors":"Qiao Zhang , Yuqi Tang , Hao Nie , Xu Wang , Guangkui Wang , Chaoqiang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium is essential for bone health and various physiological processes, but the poor water solubility of calcium supplements often leads to inadequate absorption and potential adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal discomfort. This study aims to evaluate and compare the in vitro dissolution characteristics and pharmacological performance of five commonly used calcium supplement preparations, with the goal of identifying formulations that offer improved solubility and bioavailability. We examined physical properties, pH values, and calcium dissolution content in artificial gastric fluid. Dissolved drug solutions were analyzed using online Raman spectroscopy, providing real-time insights into chemical transformations during dissolution. The <em>in vitro</em> dissolution profiles ranging from clear to turbid and pH values from 4.52 ± 0.05–10.18 ± 0.01. Calcium dissolution rates ranged from 47.53 ± 2.91 % to 88.65 ± 0.90 %. Online Raman spectroscopy revealed that calcium in compound calcium carbonate effervescent granules was transformed into calcium citrate malate, which exhibited high calcium content, weak acidity, and good water solubility as the most notable differences among the supplements. These findings highlight the large performance differences among various calcium carbonate preparations, providing a foundation for studies of calcium formulations with weak acidity and high water solubility. This study reveals insights for the development of calcium supplements with improved solubility and absorption; offers targeted suggestions for enhancing current quality standards; and provides a basis for rational selection of calcium supplements for different populations, including children, pregnant women, and other special groups, potentially improving clinical outcomes and overall health benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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