Evaluation of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion in Kenyans of African Descent

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Clinical and Experimental Dental Research Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI:10.1002/cre2.923

Marion N. Mosomi, Susan W. Maina, Olivia A. Osiro, Ben I. Omondi

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the validity of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) Proportion among Kenyans of African descent with naturally well-aligned teeth.

Materials and Methods

Standardized frontal photographic images of the smiles of 175 participants aged 18–35 years were obtained, and Adobe Photoshop was used to analyze and measure the frontal widths of the maxillary central and lateral incisors and canines in triplicate. The average teeth widths were calculated to determine the existence of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and RED Proportion, and their validity using independent sample t-tests to compare the differences in the mean teeth widths at α < 0.05.

Results

The number of male and female participants was 107 (61.1%) and 68 (38.9%), respectively. The Golden Proportion between the maxillary central and lateral incisors was found in 4.0% on the right and 2.8% on the left of all the participants, but between the maxillary lateral incisors and canines was found in only 0.6% on the right of male participants (p < 0.0001). The RED Proportion between the maxillary lateral and central incisors was in the range of 67%–70%, and between the canines and lateral incisors was 82%–84% (p < 0.0001). The proportion of RED was not constant, and gradually increased distally. The Golden Percentage of 15% was observed in the lateral incisors bilaterally; however, in the central incisors and the canines, the Golden Percentage was 22% and 12%, respectively.

Conclusion

The Golden and RED Proportions were invalid determinants of anterior teeth proportions. The Golden Percentage existed only in the lateral incisors. The Golden Proportion, RED Proportion, and Golden Percentage theories may not be applicable to all populations when designing smiles. Racial and ethnic backgrounds are important considerations to establish objective quantifiable values of anterior tooth proportions that are beneficial for esthetic restorations.

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评估非洲裔肯尼亚人的黄金比例、黄金百分比和复发性牙齿美容比例。

目的在牙齿自然整齐的非洲裔肯尼亚人中评估黄金比例、黄金百分比和复发性牙齿美容比例（RED）的有效性：获取 175 名 18-35 岁参与者微笑时的标准化正面照片，并使用 Adobe Photoshop 分析和测量上颌中切牙、侧切牙和犬齿的正面宽度，一式三份。计算平均牙齿宽度，以确定是否存在黄金比例、黄金比例和 RED 比例，并使用独立样本 t 检验比较平均牙齿宽度在 α 处的差异，以确定其有效性：男性和女性参与者人数分别为 107 人（61.1%）和 68 人（38.9%）。在所有参与者中，上颌中切牙和侧切牙之间的黄金比例在右侧为 4.0%，在左侧为 2.8%，但在男性参与者中，上颌侧切牙和犬齿之间的黄金比例在右侧仅为 0.6%（p 结论：在所有参与者中，上颌中切牙和侧切牙之间的黄金比例在右侧为 4.0%，在左侧为 2.8%：黄金比例和红比例是决定前牙比例的无效因素。黄金比例只存在于侧切牙中。在设计微笑时，黄金比例、RED 比例和黄金比例理论可能不适用于所有人群。种族和民族背景是确定前牙比例的客观量化值的重要考虑因素，有利于美学修复。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

165

审稿时长

26 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.