Diagenesis and geochemistry of the lower Permian Ingleside Formation, Owl Canyon area, Larimer County, Colorado, USA

IF 1.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY Carbonates and Evaporites Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.1007/s13146-024-00992-z
Ahmad Issa, Muneer Abdalla, Salah Hassan, Akram Zafir
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Abstract

This study investigates the diagenetic history and timing of hydrocarbon migration in the lower Permian Ingleside Formation as revealed in the Ingleside roadcut at Owl Canyon area, Colorado. Fourteen beds were identified within the studied exposure and are composed of quartz arenite sandstone, limestone, dolomite, or siltstone. Observations from outcrop and thin sections, including calcite veins, carbonate-hosted vugs, and carbonate cement, indicate carbonate mobility throughout the outcrop. Stylolites parallel to bedding were probably formed by pressure solution related to compaction, and pressure solution of carbonates is one possible source of carbonate that could have precipitated in veins or as a cement. The Ingleside Formation was affected by other diagenetic processes, including feldspar dissolution and alteration and several stages of cementation. Hematite, calcite, dolomite, kaolinite, and quartz overgrowth cements are the major types of cements identified within the studied exposure. Hematite cement was determined to have precipitated very early, followed immediately by the precipitation of poikilotopic carbonate cement. Blocky calcite and blocky dolomite cements, the most common cements within the formation, formed after the hematite and poikilotopic cements. Kaolinite cement may have precipitated in association with feldspar dissolution and alteration or occurred with feldspar dissolution during modern weathering. Hydrocarbon migration may have taken place before the of the blocky carbonate cement. The CaO in sandstone samples is due to the occurrence of calcite and dolomite cement. The MgO in sandstone samples is related to dolomite content. Furthermore, the low concentration of K2O in sandstone samples could be attributed to the low proportion of K-feldspar, and other K-rich minerals and possibly reflects loss of K during diagenesis. The relationship fact that S and MgO are both more abundant in samples from the middle and upper parts of the outcrop than in deeper samples suggests that they were added by diagenetic fluids. This study of the Ingleside outcrop provides insights on the diagenesis, possible timing of possible hydrocarbon migration through the Ingleside Formation, and geochemical and mineralogical composition of the exposure, which was used to interpret the diagenetic history throughout the outcrop. Therefore, it adds to the understanding of hydrocarbon migration and hydrocarbon pathways in this part of the Denver Basin.

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美国科罗拉多州拉里默县猫头鹰峡谷地区下二叠统英格尔赛德地层的成因和地球化学研究
本研究调查了科罗拉多州猫头鹰峡谷地区英格尔赛德地层下二叠统的成岩历史和碳氢化合物迁移的时间。在所研究的出露地层中发现了 14 个岩床,由石英 arenite 砂岩、石灰岩、白云岩或粉砂岩组成。从露头和薄层切片上观察到的方解石脉、碳酸盐寄生孔和碳酸盐胶结物表明,碳酸盐在整个露头中具有流动性。与层理平行的苯乙烯岩可能是由与压实有关的压力溶液形成的,碳酸盐的压力溶液是碳酸盐的一个可能来源,碳酸盐可能沉淀在岩脉中或作为胶结物。英吉沙地层还受到其他成岩过程的影响,包括长石溶解和蚀变以及几个阶段的胶结。赤铁矿、方解石、白云石、高岭石和石英叠加胶结物是在所研究的出露地层中发现的主要胶结物类型。赤铁矿胶结物很早就被确定为沉淀物,紧随其后的是钾碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀。块状方解石胶结物和块状白云石胶结物是岩层中最常见的胶结物,形成于赤铁矿胶结物和钾长石胶结物之后。高岭石胶结物可能与长石溶解和蚀变同时析出,或在现代风化过程中与长石溶解同时析出。碳氢化合物的迁移可能发生在块状碳酸盐胶结物出现之前。砂岩样本中的氧化钙是方解石和白云石胶结物造成的。砂岩样本中的氧化镁与白云石含量有关。此外,砂岩样本中 K2O 的浓度较低,可能是因为 K 长石和其他富含 K 的矿物比例较低,也可能反映了成岩过程中 K 的损失。在露头中上部的样本中,S 和 MgO 的含量均高于深部样本,这表明它们是由成岩流体添加的。对英格尔赛德露头的这项研究提供了有关成岩作用、碳氢化合物通过英格尔赛德地层迁移的可能时间以及露头的地球化学和矿物成分的见解,这些见解被用来解释整个露头的成岩历史。因此,它加深了人们对丹佛盆地这一部分的碳氢化合物迁移和碳氢化合物路径的了解。
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来源期刊
Carbonates and Evaporites
Carbonates and Evaporites 地学-地质学
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
70
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Established in 1979, the international journal Carbonates and Evaporites provides a forum for the exchange of concepts, research and applications on all aspects of carbonate and evaporite geology. This includes the origin and stratigraphy of carbonate and evaporite rocks and issues unique to these rock types: weathering phenomena, notably karst; engineering and environmental issues; mining and minerals extraction; and caves and permeability. The journal publishes current information in the form of original peer-reviewed articles, invited papers, and reports from meetings, editorials, and book and software reviews. The target audience includes professional geologists, hydrogeologists, engineers, geochemists, and other researchers, libraries, and educational centers.
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