Oral Hygiene Practices and Their Impact on Oral Health Among the Indigenes of Akpugo Community in Enugu State, Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the oral hygiene practices and their effectiveness in preventing common oral diseases among the residents of the Akpugo community in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 150 randomly selected participants from the five villages of Akpugo. Data collection involved personal interviews and physical examinations of oral cavities using sterilized instruments. The analysis included percentage calculations, z-tests, and the categorization of participants by socio-economic groups based on age and gender. Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of oral diseases, with 29.3% of participants having dental caries, 19.3% suffering from halitosis, 18% diagnosed with gingivitis, and 10% with periodontitis. Most participants (90.7%) brushed their teeth once daily, predominantly in the morning, and only 5.3% brushed twice daily. A majority used toothbrushes and toothpaste (58%), while a significant portion still relied on traditional methods such as chewing sticks (26.67%). The presence of dental calculus was observed in 47.3% of participants, with dental plaque noted in 16.7%. Conclusion: The findings highlight a significant prevalence of poor oral health despite varying levels of awareness regarding preventive practices. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions, including comprehensive oral health education programs, the establishment of dental centers, and community-led initiatives to improve oral hygiene practices. These measures are crucial for reducing the incidence of oral diseases and enhancing the overall health and well-being of the Akpugo community. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous education and intervention to promote optimal oral health in rural areas.