Context: metallic taste is known to vanish with nasal occlusion, suggesting it should be termed 'aroma' rather than metallic 'taste'. However, it also appears after neurological injuries, such as a chorda tympani section, which suppresses taste perception mediated by the facial nerve. Methods: in 120 healthy volunteers, the perception of an iron sulfate solution was assessed at different lingual locations, corresponding to the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves, and with either open (n=60) or closed (n=60) noses to evaluate if it is a taste or an aroma. Results: Nasal occlusion significantly reduced the perception of iron sulfate. It prevented perception in 31.7% of participants, though it did not completely eliminate it in the remaining 68.3%. Additionally, in open-nosed subjects, the intensity of iron sulfate perception was significantly greater when applied to the base of the tongue (glossopharyngeal nerve) than to the tip (facial nerve). These differences did not persist with nasal occlusion. Conclusion: Nasal occlusion diminished but did not abolish the perception of iron sulfate. With an open nose, a differential taste perception was significant, but not with a closed nose. Therefore, metallic perception involves both retro-olfactory and gustatory components, suggesting it is a metallic flavor.
{"title":"is metallic perception a taste, an aroma or a flavor?","authors":"Guillaume Buiret, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Gilles Feron","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.13.24313668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.13.24313668","url":null,"abstract":"Context: metallic taste is known to vanish with nasal occlusion, suggesting it should be termed 'aroma' rather than metallic 'taste'. However, it also appears after neurological injuries, such as a chorda tympani section, which suppresses taste perception mediated by the facial nerve. Methods: in 120 healthy volunteers, the perception of an iron sulfate solution was assessed at different lingual locations, corresponding to the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves, and with either open (n=60) or closed (n=60) noses to evaluate if it is a taste or an aroma. Results: Nasal occlusion significantly reduced the perception of iron sulfate. It prevented perception in 31.7% of participants, though it did not completely eliminate it in the remaining 68.3%. Additionally, in open-nosed subjects, the intensity of iron sulfate perception was significantly greater when applied to the base of the tongue (glossopharyngeal nerve) than to the tip (facial nerve). These differences did not persist with nasal occlusion. Conclusion: Nasal occlusion diminished but did not abolish the perception of iron sulfate. With an open nose, a differential taste perception was significant, but not with a closed nose. Therefore, metallic perception involves both retro-olfactory and gustatory components, suggesting it is a metallic flavor.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.24312657
Davis Verhoeven, David Verhoeven
Tooth brushing and flossing are usually both hallmarks of a good oral hygiene routine to prevent decay, gingivitis, and periodontitis. While brushing removes much of the oral bacteria from the front and backs of the teeth, flossing is believed to be necessary to remove bacteria between the teeth. However, the effectiveness of self-flossing has not been established very well. Flossing effectiveness was evaluated two ways in this study: adults and 12 year old children were instructed on how to floss and bacterial colonies were determined before or after 7 days or pediatric and family dentists were blinded to patient surveys that asked about flossing frequency and evaluated the patient for gingivitis. We found a significant number of children did not floss at all despite brushing daily. However, flossing had no effect on the number of bacteria in their mouths nor did flossing have any correlation with reducing gingivitis development. Taken together, self-flossing did not appear to be an effective strategy for reduction of gingivitis in children or adults but could stem from improper technique or simply a lack of doing it.
{"title":"Efficacy of dental flossing and frequency of oral gingivitis in children and adults","authors":"Davis Verhoeven, David Verhoeven","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312657","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth brushing and flossing are usually both hallmarks of a good oral hygiene routine to prevent decay, gingivitis, and periodontitis. While brushing removes much of the oral bacteria from the front and backs of the teeth, flossing is believed to be necessary to remove bacteria between the teeth. However, the effectiveness of self-flossing has not been established very well. Flossing effectiveness was evaluated two ways in this study: adults and 12 year old children were instructed on how to floss and bacterial colonies were determined before or after 7 days or pediatric and family dentists were blinded to patient surveys that asked about flossing frequency and evaluated the patient for gingivitis. We found a significant number of children did not floss at all despite brushing daily. However, flossing had no effect on the number of bacteria in their mouths nor did flossing have any correlation with reducing gingivitis development. Taken together, self-flossing did not appear to be an effective strategy for reduction of gingivitis in children or adults but could stem from improper technique or simply a lack of doing it.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reveals novel microRNAs (miRNAs) implicated in congenital tooth agenesis (CTA), a common dental anomaly with a complex genetic basis. Through a multi-omics approach combining bioinformatics, whole exome sequencing, metabolite analysis, and gene expression profiling, we identified eight key miRNAs potentially involved in tooth development. Among these, four miRNAs viz. miR-218-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-200b-3p, and let-7a-3p were validated as significant regulators in CTA, marking their first investigation in blood samples from CTA patients. Our analysis revealed that these miRNAs play critical roles in odontogenesis, influencing essential signaling pathways, including Wnt, FGF, and PI3 kinase pathways. Among these four, miR-218-5p and let-7a-3p emerged as key players in dental tissue morphogenesis, each contributing to previously unidentified networks crucial for tooth development.
{"title":"Understanding Tooth Agenesis: A Multi-omics Insight into MicroRNA Regulation","authors":"Prashant Ranjan, Chandra Devi, Neha Verma, Rajesh Bansal, Vinay Kumar Srivastava, Parimal Das","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.24312916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312916","url":null,"abstract":"This study reveals novel microRNAs (miRNAs) implicated in congenital tooth agenesis (CTA), a common dental anomaly with a complex genetic basis. Through a multi-omics approach combining bioinformatics, whole exome sequencing, metabolite analysis, and gene expression profiling, we identified eight key miRNAs potentially involved in tooth development. Among these, four miRNAs viz. miR-218-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-200b-3p, and let-7a-3p were validated as significant regulators in CTA, marking their first investigation in blood samples from CTA patients. Our analysis revealed that these miRNAs play critical roles in odontogenesis, influencing essential signaling pathways, including <em>Wnt, FGF</em>, and <em>PI3</em> kinase pathways. Among these four, miR-218-5p and let-7a-3p emerged as key players in dental tissue morphogenesis, each contributing to previously unidentified networks crucial for tooth development.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.07.24311445
Atieh Sadr, Ali Gholamrezaei, Amy G McNeilage, Cameron L Randall, Flavia P. Kapos, Christopher C. Peck, Claire E. Ashton-James
Background: Despite an increasingly biopsychosocial approach to pain management in healthcare, the scope of research into the role of psychological factors in endodontic pain is unknown. Objectives:This study aimed to identify the scope of research into psychological contributors to pain associated with endodontic procedures, as a first step towards addressing psychological contributors to pain in clinical practice. Method: This scoping review was conducted and reported according to the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (extension for scoping reviews). The data search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL databases. For gray literature, we reviewed reference lists, medRxiv pre-prints, ProQuest and EBSCO theses, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane trials (via Ovid), and conference materials via Web of Science and Scopus (from inception to July 2023). Each record was screened by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted by one reviewer and cross-verified by a second reviewer. Results: Forty studies were included in the review. Twelve broad psychological constructs were evaluated in relation to pain for pre-procedural, procedural and post-procedural endodontics: pain expectancies, positive treatment expectancies, depression, anxiety, positive and negative mood (affect), beliefs about pain, desire for control of dental treatments, perceptions of dentists, somatic focus or awareness, pain coping strategies, personality, and psychiatric diagnoses. Pre-procedural pain was most frequently associated with anxiety. Procedural pain was consistently associated with expected pain. Post-procedural pain was associated with expected pain, depression, beliefs about pain, positive treatment expectations, and personality characteristics. Conclusion: A variety of psychological factors have been investigated in relation to endodontic pain. Whilst associations between endodontic pain and psychological constructs were found, further research is needed to evaluate the strength of these associations, and the scope of evidence for interventions designed to address these psychological contributors to pain in dental practice. Registration: The search protocol was registered on Open Science Framework in 2021 (DOI number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FSRJP).
背景：尽管在医疗保健过程中越来越多地采用生物-心理-社会方法来进行疼痛管理，但有关心理因素在牙髓疼痛中的作用的研究范围尚不清楚。目的：本研究旨在确定牙髓治疗过程中引起疼痛的心理因素的研究范围，作为在临床实践中解决引起疼痛的心理因素的第一步：这项范围界定综述是根据《JBI证据综合手册》和《系统综述和Meta分析首选报告项目》（范围界定综述的扩展）进行并报告的。数据检索在 MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsycINFO、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane 系统性综述数据库和 CINAHL 数据库中进行。对于灰色文献，我们通过 Web of Science 和 Scopus 查阅了参考文献目录、medRxiv 预印本、ProQuest 和 EBSCO 论文、ClinicalTrials.gov 和 Cochrane 试验（通过 Ovid）以及会议资料（从开始到 2023 年 7 月）。每条记录均由两名独立审稿人进行筛选。数据由一位审稿人提取，并由第二位审稿人交叉验证。结果有 40 项研究被纳入综述。评估了与牙髓治疗术前、术中和术后疼痛有关的十二个广泛的心理结构：疼痛预期、积极治疗预期、抑郁、焦虑、积极和消极情绪（情感）、对疼痛的信念、控制牙科治疗的愿望、对牙医的看法、躯体关注或意识、疼痛应对策略、人格和精神诊断。手术前疼痛最常与焦虑有关。手术疼痛一直与预期疼痛相关。术后疼痛与预期疼痛、抑郁、对疼痛的信念、积极的治疗期望和个性特征有关：已对与牙髓疼痛有关的各种心理因素进行了研究。虽然发现了牙髓病疼痛和心理结构之间的关联，但还需要进一步的研究来评估这些关联的强度，以及旨在解决牙科实践中造成疼痛的这些心理因素的干预措施的证据范围。注册：该检索协议已于 2021 年在开放科学框架上注册（DOI 编号：10.17605/OSF.IO/FSRJP）。
{"title":"Psychological Contributors to Pain Before, During, and After Endodontic Procedures: A Scoping Review","authors":"Atieh Sadr, Ali Gholamrezaei, Amy G McNeilage, Cameron L Randall, Flavia P. Kapos, Christopher C. Peck, Claire E. Ashton-James","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.07.24311445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.07.24311445","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite an increasingly biopsychosocial approach to pain management in healthcare, the scope of research into the role of psychological factors in endodontic pain is unknown. Objectives:This study aimed to identify the scope of research into psychological contributors to pain associated with endodontic procedures, as a first step towards addressing psychological contributors to pain in clinical practice.\u0000Method: This scoping review was conducted and reported according to the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (extension for scoping reviews). The data search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL databases. For gray literature, we reviewed reference lists, medRxiv pre-prints, ProQuest and EBSCO theses, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane trials (via Ovid), and conference materials via Web of Science and Scopus (from inception to July 2023). Each record was screened by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted by one reviewer and cross-verified by a second reviewer. Results: Forty studies were included in the review. Twelve broad psychological constructs were evaluated in relation to pain for pre-procedural, procedural and post-procedural endodontics: pain expectancies, positive treatment expectancies, depression, anxiety, positive and negative mood (affect), beliefs about pain, desire for control of dental treatments, perceptions of dentists, somatic focus or awareness, pain coping strategies, personality, and psychiatric diagnoses. Pre-procedural pain was most frequently associated with anxiety. Procedural pain was consistently associated with expected pain. Post-procedural pain was associated with expected pain, depression, beliefs about pain, positive treatment expectations, and personality characteristics.\u0000Conclusion: A variety of psychological factors have been investigated in relation to endodontic pain. Whilst associations between endodontic pain and psychological constructs were found, further research is needed to evaluate the strength of these associations, and the scope of evidence for interventions designed to address these psychological contributors to pain in dental practice. Registration: The search protocol was registered on Open Science Framework in 2021 (DOI number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FSRJP).","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.24310306
Tamarinda J. Barry Godin, Gabriel Hawthorne, Radhika Shah, Ryan Richard Ruff
Background: School-based caries prevention can increase access to dental services for underrepresented children and reduce the risk of tooth decay. Methods: The CariedAway study was a longitudinal pragmatic randomized trial of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), fluoride varnish, dental sealants, and atraumatic restorations (ART) provided as part of a school caries prevention program. Using electronic health record software and reproducible procedures, we estimated the total time required to screen and treat program participants. Differences at initial treatment between interventions, provider (registered nurse and dental hygienist), dentition mix, and caries burden were determined using linear regression with cluster standard error estimation, and longitudinal effects were estimated using linear mixed effects models. Results: A total of 7418 children were enrolled in the CariedAway trial, of which 7176 (97%) had viable data recorded for screening and treatment time. Overall treatment time for children receiving SDF and fluoride varnish was 283 seconds (SD=739), compared to 753 seconds (SD=2166) for children receiving dental sealants and ART. At the initial program visit, treatment time using SDF was significantly shorter than sealants and ART (B = -458.8, 95% CI = -650.1, -266.8) and treatment time decreased with each subsequent observation (B = -51.9, 95% CI = -68.4, -35.4). Treatment time significantly increased as the number of carious teeth per child increased, and there were no differences in treatment time using SDF between registered nurses and dental hygienists. Conclusions: The sustainability of school-based caries prevention can be supported by robust data on program logistics and treatment time. These results can be leveraged by future school-based sealant and SDF programs to estimate the total reach and effectiveness of intended treatments.
{"title":"Screening and treatment time in school-based caries prevention: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Tamarinda J. Barry Godin, Gabriel Hawthorne, Radhika Shah, Ryan Richard Ruff","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.11.24310306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.11.24310306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School-based caries prevention can increase access to dental services for underrepresented children and reduce the risk of tooth decay. Methods: The CariedAway study was a longitudinal pragmatic randomized trial of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), fluoride varnish, dental sealants, and atraumatic restorations (ART) provided as part of a school caries prevention program. Using electronic health record software and reproducible procedures, we estimated the total time required to screen and treat program participants. Differences at initial treatment between interventions, provider (registered nurse and dental hygienist), dentition mix, and caries burden were determined using linear regression with cluster standard error estimation, and longitudinal effects were estimated using linear mixed effects models. Results: A total of 7418 children were enrolled in the CariedAway trial, of which 7176 (97%) had viable data recorded for screening and treatment time. Overall treatment time for children receiving SDF and fluoride varnish was 283 seconds (SD=739), compared to 753 seconds (SD=2166) for children receiving dental sealants and ART. At the initial program visit, treatment time using SDF was significantly shorter than sealants and ART (B = -458.8, 95% CI = -650.1, -266.8) and treatment time decreased with each subsequent observation (B = -51.9, 95% CI = -68.4, -35.4). Treatment time significantly increased as the number of carious teeth per child increased, and there were no differences in treatment time using SDF between registered nurses and dental hygienists. Conclusions: The sustainability of school-based caries prevention can be supported by robust data on program logistics and treatment time. These results can be leveraged by future school-based sealant and SDF programs to estimate the total reach and effectiveness of intended treatments.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.24310274
Jungwook Lee, Xuanang Xu, Daeseung Kim, Hannah H Deng, Tianshu Kuang, Nathan Lampen, Xi Fang, Jaime Gateno, Pingkun Yan
Purpose: This study examines the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diagnosing jaw deformities, aiming to overcome the limitations of various diagnostic methods by harnessing the advanced capabilities of LLMs for enhanced data interpretation. The goal is to provide tools that simplify complex data analysis and make diagnostic processes more accessible and intuitive for clinical practitioners. Methods: An experiment involving patients with jaw deformities was conducted, where cephalometric measurements (SNB Angle, Facial Angle, Mandibular Unit Length) were converted into text for LLM analysis. Multiple LLMs, including LLAMA-2 variants, GPT models, and the Gemini-Pro model, were evaluated against various methods (Threshold-based, Machine Learning Models) using balanced accuracy and F1-score. Results: Our research demonstrates that larger LLMs efficiently adapt to diagnostic tasks, showing rapid performance saturation with minimal training examples and reducing ambiguous classification, which highlights their robust in-context learning abilities. The conversion of complex cephalometric measurements into intuitive text formats not only broadens the accessibility of the information but also enhances the interpretability, providing clinicians with clear and actionable insights. Conclusion: Integrating LLMs into the diagnosis of jaw deformities marks a significant advancement in making diagnostic processes more accessible and reducing reliance on specialized training. These models serve as valuable auxiliary tools, offering clear, understandable outputs that facilitate easier decision-making for clinicians, particularly those with less experience or in settings with limited access to specialized expertise. Future refinements and adaptations to include more comprehensive and medically specific datasets are expected to enhance the precision and utility of LLMs, potentially transforming the landscape of medical diagnostics.
{"title":"Large Language Model Diagnose Facial Deformity","authors":"Jungwook Lee, Xuanang Xu, Daeseung Kim, Hannah H Deng, Tianshu Kuang, Nathan Lampen, Xi Fang, Jaime Gateno, Pingkun Yan","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.11.24310274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.11.24310274","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examines the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diagnosing jaw deformities, aiming to overcome the limitations of various diagnostic methods by harnessing the advanced capabilities of LLMs for enhanced data interpretation. The goal is to provide tools that simplify complex data analysis and make diagnostic processes more accessible and intuitive for clinical practitioners. Methods: An experiment involving patients with jaw deformities was conducted, where cephalometric measurements (SNB Angle, Facial Angle, Mandibular Unit Length) were converted into text for LLM analysis. Multiple LLMs, including LLAMA-2 variants, GPT models, and the Gemini-Pro model, were evaluated against various methods (Threshold-based, Machine Learning Models) using balanced accuracy and F1-score. Results: Our research demonstrates that larger LLMs efficiently adapt to diagnostic tasks, showing rapid performance saturation with minimal training examples and reducing ambiguous classification, which highlights their robust in-context learning abilities. The conversion of complex cephalometric measurements into intuitive text formats not only broadens the accessibility of the information but also enhances the interpretability, providing clinicians with clear and actionable insights. Conclusion: Integrating LLMs into the diagnosis of jaw deformities marks a significant advancement in making diagnostic processes more accessible and reducing reliance on specialized training. These models serve as valuable auxiliary tools, offering clear, understandable outputs that facilitate easier decision-making for clinicians, particularly those with less experience or in settings with limited access to specialized expertise. Future refinements and adaptations to include more comprehensive and medically specific datasets are expected to enhance the precision and utility of LLMs, potentially transforming the landscape of medical diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.24309412
Maxime Rousseau, Amal Zouaq, Nelly Huynh
Background: The near-exponential increase in the number of publications in orthodontics poses a challenge for efficient literature appraisal and evidence-based practice. Language models (LM) have the potential, through their question-answering fine-tuning, to assist clinicians and researchers in critical appraisal of scientific information and thus to improve decision-making. Methods: This paper introduces OrthodonticQA (OQA), the first question-answering dataset in the field of dentistry which is made publicly available under a permissive license. A framework is proposed which includes utilization of PICO information and templates for question formulation, demonstrating their broader applicability across various specialties within dentistry and healthcare. A selection of transformer LMs were trained on OQA to set performance baselines. Results: The best model achieved a mean F1 score of 77.61 (SD 0.26) and a score of 100/114 (87.72%) on human evaluation. Furthermore, when exploring performance according to grouped subtopics within the field of orthodontics, it was found that for all LMs the performance can vary considerably across topics. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of subtopic evaluation and superior performance of paired domain specific model and tokenizer.
{"title":"OQA: A question-answering dataset on orthodontic literature","authors":"Maxime Rousseau, Amal Zouaq, Nelly Huynh","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.05.24309412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.05.24309412","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The near-exponential increase in the number of publications in orthodontics poses a challenge for efficient literature appraisal and evidence-based practice. Language models (LM) have the potential, through their question-answering fine-tuning, to assist clinicians and researchers in critical appraisal of scientific information and thus to improve decision-making.\u0000Methods: This paper introduces OrthodonticQA (OQA), the first question-answering dataset in the field of dentistry which is made publicly available under a permissive license. A framework is proposed which includes utilization of PICO information and templates for question formulation, demonstrating their broader applicability across various specialties within dentistry and healthcare. A selection of transformer LMs were trained on OQA to set performance baselines.\u0000Results: The best model achieved a mean F1 score of 77.61 (SD 0.26) and a score of 100/114 (87.72%) on human evaluation. Furthermore, when exploring performance according to grouped subtopics within the field of orthodontics, it was found that for all LMs the performance can vary considerably across topics.\u0000Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of subtopic evaluation and superior performance of paired domain specific model and tokenizer.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.04.24309980
Muhammad Zaki Ramli, Nina Suhaity Azmi, Ahmad Faisal Ismail
Dental caries among preschool children is prevalent and may affect their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of preschool children from Kuantan in relation to their dental caries status and severity. A cross-sectional survey using the Malay version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (Malay-ECOHIS) involving preschool children aged three until six years old was conducted employing a convenience sampling. The dmft score of the preschool children was evaluated by a professional pediatric dentist, and the body mass index (BMI) was recorded. The caries status data was classified into either Absent (dmft = 0) or Present (dmft >= 1), while caries severity data was categorized into No Caries (dmft = 0), Moderate (dmft = 1 or 2), and High (dmft >= 3), depending on the caries experience. The Pearson Chi-square and Spearman correlation analyses were conducted. A high caries prevalence was recorded (89.1%), affecting 55 preschool children. They were more impacted than their family in terms of their OHRQOL, and those with high caries severity and those from low household income showed the lowest OHRQOL. However, since most of them were from high household income, their families were not financially impacted. It is important to not only assess the caries status of the preschool children when assessing their OHRQOL, but also their caries severity.
{"title":"Caries status, caries severity, and oral health-related quality of life of preschool children in Kuantan","authors":"Muhammad Zaki Ramli, Nina Suhaity Azmi, Ahmad Faisal Ismail","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.04.24309980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.04.24309980","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries among preschool children is prevalent and may affect their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of preschool children from Kuantan in relation to their dental caries status and severity. A cross-sectional survey using the Malay version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (Malay-ECOHIS) involving preschool children aged three until six years old was conducted employing a convenience sampling. The dmft score of the preschool children was evaluated by a professional pediatric dentist, and the body mass index (BMI) was recorded. The caries status data was classified into either Absent (dmft = 0) or Present (dmft >= 1), while caries severity data was categorized into No Caries (dmft = 0), Moderate (dmft = 1 or 2), and High (dmft >= 3), depending on the caries experience. The Pearson Chi-square and Spearman correlation analyses were conducted. A high caries prevalence was recorded (89.1%), affecting 55 preschool children. They were more impacted than their family in terms of their OHRQOL, and those with high caries severity and those from low household income showed the lowest OHRQOL. However, since most of them were from high household income, their families were not financially impacted. It is important to not only assess the caries status of the preschool children when assessing their OHRQOL, but also their caries severity.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.24309650
Kasusu Klint Nyamuryekung'e, Hawa Mbawalla, Matilda Mlangwa Mtaya
Aim: Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, affecting adults and children across all regions. The DMFT index, representing the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, serves as a fundamental metric in oral epidemiology, providing an objective quantification of dental caries prevalence and severity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the dental caries burden of the adult Tanzanian population through the DMFT index. Methods: A national pathfinder survey was conducted in mainland Tanzania using a cross-sectional design. The survey encompassed fourteen districts across thirteen regions. Site selection followed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) basic oral health survey methods, utilizing a modified stratified-cluster sampling approach. Electronic questionnaires were administered to all adult participants prior to their dental examinations. The questionnaires collected data on participants’ sociodemographic information, tooth brushing practices, and dentition status. Dental examinations were conducted in accordance with WHO standard criteria. Data cleaning and analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. Frequencies were calculated to determine the proportions of participants' mean and separate DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) components. Bivariate associations were examined using Student’s t-test and ANOVA to compare participants' DMFT components with their sociodemographic characteristics and oral health practices. Results: The study surveyed a total of 1,386 participants aged 30-34, 35-44 and 50+ comprising 713 females (51.4%) with most participants (49.1%) aged 50 years or older. The mean DMFT in the studied population was 4.63 (SD 5.4) with a dental caries experience of 76.6%. The Missing teeth component constituted the largest portion of the mean DMFT (52.4%), followed closely by the Decayed teeth component (45.8%). Tooth fillings were found in just 3.5% of those with dental caries experience. The mean DMFT score was significantly higher among females (5.31 ± 5.79), those aged 50 or more (5.93 ± 6.26) and with lowest level of education (5.78 ± 6.68). Brushing less than once daily (p<0.001), not using toothpaste (p<0.001) and not using a toothbrush daily (p<0.05) were all associated with increased DMFT scores. Conclusions: Dental caries is a significant public health issue in Tanzania. The predominance of missing and decayed teeth highlights the critical gaps in treatment and dental care service accessibility. There is a pressing need for increased public health investment in preventive and restorative dental care and enhanced community education on the importance of maintaining dental health.
{"title":"Evaluating adults’ dental caries burden through the DMFT index: results from the Tanzanian 5th national oral health survey","authors":"Kasusu Klint Nyamuryekung'e, Hawa Mbawalla, Matilda Mlangwa Mtaya","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.28.24309650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.28.24309650","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, affecting adults and children across all regions. The DMFT index, representing the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, serves as a fundamental metric in oral epidemiology, providing an objective quantification of dental caries prevalence and severity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the dental caries burden of the adult Tanzanian population through the DMFT index.\u0000Methods: A national pathfinder survey was conducted in mainland Tanzania using a cross-sectional design. The survey encompassed fourteen districts across thirteen regions. Site selection followed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) basic oral health survey methods, utilizing a modified stratified-cluster sampling approach. Electronic questionnaires were administered to all adult participants prior to their dental examinations. The questionnaires collected data on participants’ sociodemographic information, tooth brushing practices, and dentition status. Dental examinations were conducted in accordance with WHO standard criteria. Data cleaning and analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. Frequencies were calculated to determine the proportions of participants' mean and separate DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) components. Bivariate associations were examined using Student’s t-test and ANOVA to compare participants' DMFT components with their sociodemographic characteristics and oral health practices.\u0000Results: The study surveyed a total of 1,386 participants aged 30-34, 35-44 and 50+ comprising 713 females (51.4%) with most participants (49.1%) aged 50 years or older. The mean DMFT in the studied population was 4.63 (SD 5.4) with a dental caries experience of 76.6%. The Missing teeth component constituted the largest portion of the mean DMFT (52.4%), followed closely by the Decayed teeth component (45.8%). Tooth fillings were found in just 3.5% of those with dental caries experience. The mean DMFT score was significantly higher among females (5.31 ± 5.79), those aged 50 or more (5.93 ± 6.26) and with lowest level of education (5.78 ± 6.68). Brushing less than once daily (p<0.001), not using toothpaste (p<0.001) and not using a toothbrush daily (p<0.05) were all associated with increased DMFT scores. Conclusions: Dental caries is a significant public health issue in Tanzania. The predominance of missing and decayed teeth highlights the critical gaps in treatment and dental care service accessibility. There is a pressing need for increased public health investment in preventive and restorative dental care and enhanced community education on the importance of maintaining dental health.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.24309239
Estelle CASAZZA, Benoit Ballester, Camille Philip-Alliez, Yann Ardagna, Anne Raskin
This study aimed to investigate morphological changes in the mandible of subjects in archaeological collections associated with the presence of bony exostoses at the mandibular angle, which are described in the literature as related to specific behaviours of the manducatory apparatus like parafunctional activities. The skeletal sample investigated comprised adult individuals from two archaeological series. Sixteen measurements of the mandible were selected to evaluate anatomic variation in the two populations. Mandibles from both series were pooled for statistical analysis into two groups according to the number of exostoses at the mandibular angles: group 1 (number of exostoses ≤1) and group 2 (number of exostoses ≥ 2). Measurements could be made on eighty mandibles. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between group 1 and group 2 for the following parameters: distance between mandibular angles, bicondylar width, ramus height, left condyle length, right and left coronoid process height. For each of these parameters, values were higher in group 2 than in group 1. This study presents an original methodology for studying anatomical variations of the mandible in the context of parafunctional activity, highlighting certain mandibular modifications. The impact of parafunctional behaviours such as bruxism on the mandible therefore has many anatomical expressions. The considerable variability of results found in the literature shows that more studies are needed to reach a consensus on the impact of parafunctional activities on the mandible.
{"title":"Morphological changes in the mandible associated with the presence of exostoses: a study in two archaeological populations from southern France.","authors":"Estelle CASAZZA, Benoit Ballester, Camille Philip-Alliez, Yann Ardagna, Anne Raskin","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.20.24309239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.20.24309239","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate morphological changes in the mandible of subjects in archaeological collections associated with the presence of bony exostoses at the mandibular angle, which are described in the literature as related to specific behaviours of the manducatory apparatus like parafunctional activities. The skeletal sample investigated comprised adult individuals from two archaeological series. Sixteen measurements of the mandible were selected to evaluate anatomic variation in the two populations. Mandibles from both series were pooled for statistical analysis into two groups according to the number of exostoses at the mandibular angles: group 1 (number of exostoses ≤1) and group 2 (number of exostoses ≥ 2). Measurements could be made on eighty mandibles. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between group 1 and group 2 for the following parameters: distance between mandibular angles, bicondylar width, ramus height, left condyle length, right and left coronoid process height. For each of these parameters, values were higher in group 2 than in group 1. This study presents an original methodology for studying anatomical variations of the mandible in the context of parafunctional activity, highlighting certain mandibular modifications. The impact of parafunctional behaviours such as bruxism on the mandible therefore has many anatomical expressions. The considerable variability of results found in the literature shows that more studies are needed to reach a consensus on the impact of parafunctional activities on the mandible.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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