Ecological and Geographical Characteristics of Pharmacopoeial Medicinal Plants of the Northeastern Transbaikal Orobiome

IF 0.3 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.1134/s1875372824700124
M. V. Bocharnikov, N. B. Leonova, I. M. Miklyaeva
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Abstract

This article considers the ecological and geographical features of officinal plant distribution within the highlands of Northeastern Transbaikalia. The concept of ecosystem diversity is used as a methodological basis of the study. According to it, the orobiome presents a key regional unit for the inventory and assessment of mountain biodiversity. Comparative geographic and cartographic methods of analysis of original field data, papers, and maps are applied. We have identified 40 species of pharmacopoeial plants for the Northeastern Transbaikalia orobiome. The taxonomic, biomorphological, ecological, geographic, and altitudinal characteristics have been considered, and the analysis of composition of active substances and use in the treatment of diseases according to the ICD-10 international classification of diseases has been carried out. It has been revealed that the highest number of species are applied when treating diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the circulatory system, and diseases of the respiratory system. Five geographical groups of pharmacopoeial species have been identified, among which species with the Holarctic distributional type prevail. Boreal species predominate among nine ecological–coenotic groups. The coenotic value of pharmacopeial species in vegetation communities of the orobiome is considered. Some species of officinal plants are coenose formers, predominant in the background communities for the belts; they include Sctoch pine, Siberian fir, lingonberry, marsh rosemary, downy birch, and bearberry. The regional and altitudinal features of pharmacopeial species distribution have been revealed. The highest number of species grow on the North Baikal Highlands, while the smallest number are on the Patom Highlands. There are more than 20 species in the mountain–taiga belt and about 5–10 species in the high-mountain belt. A map of communities with the participation of typical species of pharmacopeial plants of resource importance has been compiled. It has been revealed that the greatest diversity of these resources is concentrated on the North Baikal Highlands due to climatic conditions and the geographical location at the junction of biogeographical boundaries. The map can be used to assess the ecosystem potential of the vegetation cover of a poorly explored region. The expediency of further study of the pharmacological properties of local flora species used in traditional medicine, as well as strengthening of measures for the protection of medical plant species, is noted.

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东北外贝加尔地区药典药用植物的生态和地理特征
摘要 本文探讨了外贝加尔东北部高原地区药用植物分布的生态和地理特征。生态系统多样性的概念被用作研究的方法论基础。根据这一概念,生物群是清查和评估山区生物多样性的一个关键区域单位。在对原始野外数据、论文和地图进行分析时,采用了比较地理和制图方法。我们确定了外贝加尔东北部生物群落的 40 种药典植物。我们考虑了分类学、生物形态学、生态学、地理学和海拔高度特征,并根据 ICD-10 国际疾病分类法分析了活性物质的组成和在疾病治疗中的用途。结果表明,在治疗消化系统疾病、循环系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病时使用的种类最多。已确定药典物种的五个地理分组,其中以全北分布类型的物种居多。在九个生态群中,北方物种占多数。研究考虑了药典物种在大生物群落植被群落中的共生价值。一些药用植物物种是群落形成者,在带状背景群落中占主导地位;它们包括斯克托克松、西伯利亚冷杉、越橘、沼泽迷迭香、绒毛桦和熊果。药食同源物种分布的区域和海拔特征已经显现。生长在北贝加尔高原的物种数量最多,而生长在帕托姆高原的物种数量最少。山地-邛崃山带有 20 多个物种,高山地带约有 5-10 个物种。我们已经绘制了一张具有重要资源价值的药用植物典型物种群落分布图。结果显示,由于气候条件和位于生物地理边界交界处的地理位置,这些资源的最大多样性集中在北贝加尔高原。该地图可用于评估一个探索不足地区植被的生态系统潜力。此外,还指出了进一步研究传统医学中使用的当地植物物种的药理特性以及加强药用植物物种保护措施的紧迫性。
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0.50
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24
期刊介绍: Geography and Natural Resources  publishes information on research results in the field of geographical studies of nature, the economy, and the population. It provides ample coverage of the geographical aspects related to solving major economic problems, with special emphasis on regional nature management and environmental protection, geographical forecasting, integral regional research developments, modelling of natural processes, and on the advancement of mapping techniques. The journal publishes contributions on monitoring studies, geographical research abroad, as well as discussions on the theory of science.
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