I R de Vries, J O E H van Laar, M B van der Hout-van der Jagt, R Vullings
{"title":"Unsupervised denoising of the non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram with sparse domain Kalman filtering and vectorcardiographic loop alignment.","authors":"I R de Vries, J O E H van Laar, M B van der Hout-van der Jagt, R Vullings","doi":"10.1088/1361-6579/ad605c","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Even though the electrocardiogram (ECG) has potential to be used as a monitoring or diagnostic tool for fetuses, the use of non-invasive fetal ECG is complicated by relatively high amounts of noise and fetal movement during the measurement. Moreover, machine learning-based solutions to this problem struggle with the lack of clean reference data, which is difficult to obtain. To solve these problems, this work aims to incorporate fetal rotation correction with ECG denoising into a single unsupervised end-to-end trainable method.<i>Approach.</i>This method uses the vectorcardiogram (VCG), a three-dimensional representation of the ECG, as an input and extends the previously introduced Kalman-LISTA method with a Kalman filter for the estimation of fetal rotation, applying denoising to the rotation-corrected VCG.<i>Main results.</i>The resulting method was shown to outperform denoising auto-encoders by more than 3 dB while achieving a rotation tracking error of less than 33<sup>∘</sup>. Furthermore, the method was shown to be robust to a difference in signal to noise ratio between electrocardiographic leads and different rotational velocities.<i>Significance.</i>This work presents a novel method for the denoising of non-invasive abdominal fetal ECG, which may be trained unsupervised and simultaneously incorporates fetal rotation correction. This method might prove clinically valuable due the denoised fetal ECG, but also due to the method's objective measure for fetal rotation, which in turn might have potential for early detection of fetal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20047,"journal":{"name":"Physiological measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physiological measurement","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ad605c","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective.Even though the electrocardiogram (ECG) has potential to be used as a monitoring or diagnostic tool for fetuses, the use of non-invasive fetal ECG is complicated by relatively high amounts of noise and fetal movement during the measurement. Moreover, machine learning-based solutions to this problem struggle with the lack of clean reference data, which is difficult to obtain. To solve these problems, this work aims to incorporate fetal rotation correction with ECG denoising into a single unsupervised end-to-end trainable method.Approach.This method uses the vectorcardiogram (VCG), a three-dimensional representation of the ECG, as an input and extends the previously introduced Kalman-LISTA method with a Kalman filter for the estimation of fetal rotation, applying denoising to the rotation-corrected VCG.Main results.The resulting method was shown to outperform denoising auto-encoders by more than 3 dB while achieving a rotation tracking error of less than 33∘. Furthermore, the method was shown to be robust to a difference in signal to noise ratio between electrocardiographic leads and different rotational velocities.Significance.This work presents a novel method for the denoising of non-invasive abdominal fetal ECG, which may be trained unsupervised and simultaneously incorporates fetal rotation correction. This method might prove clinically valuable due the denoised fetal ECG, but also due to the method's objective measure for fetal rotation, which in turn might have potential for early detection of fetal complications.
期刊介绍:
Physiological Measurement publishes papers about the quantitative assessment and visualization of physiological function in clinical research and practice, with an emphasis on the development of new methods of measurement and their validation.
Papers are published on topics including:
applied physiology in illness and health
electrical bioimpedance, optical and acoustic measurement techniques
advanced methods of time series and other data analysis
biomedical and clinical engineering
in-patient and ambulatory monitoring
point-of-care technologies
novel clinical measurements of cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems.
measurements in molecular, cellular and organ physiology and electrophysiology
physiological modeling and simulation
novel biomedical sensors, instruments, devices and systems
measurement standards and guidelines.