Entactogen Effects of Ketamine: A Reverse-Translational Study.

IF 15.1 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY American Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230980
Evan M Hess, Dede K Greenstein, Olivia L Hutchinson, Carlos A Zarate, Todd D Gould
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Abstract

Objective: The authors sought to assess the prosocial, entactogen effects of ketamine.

Methods: Pleasure from social situations was assessed in a sample of participants with treatment-resistant depression from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, using four items of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) at five time points over 1 week following treatment with ketamine (0.5 mg/kg intravenously) or placebo. The primary endpoint was postinfusion self-reported pleasure on the four SHAPS items pertaining to social situations, including the item on helping others, between the ketamine and placebo groups. In a rodent experiment, the impact of ketamine on helping behavior in rats was assessed using the harm aversion task. The primary endpoint was a reduction in lever response rate relative to baseline, which indicated the willingness of rats to forgo obtaining sucrose to help protect their cage mate from electric shock.

Results: Relative to placebo, ketamine increased ratings of feeling pleasure from being with family or close friends, seeing other people's smiling faces, helping others, and receiving praise, for 1 week following treatment. In the rodent experiment, during the harm aversion task, ketamine-treated rats maintained lower response rates relative to baseline to a greater extent than what was observed in vehicle-treated rats for 6 days posttreatment and delivered fewer shocks overall.

Conclusions: In patients with treatment-resistant depression, ketamine treatment was associated with increased pleasure from social situations, such as feeling pleasure from helping others. Ketamine-treated rats were more likely to protect their cage mate from harm, at the cost of obtaining sucrose. These findings suggest that ketamine has entactogen effects.

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氯胺酮的致幻作用:逆转录研究
研究目的作者试图评估氯胺酮的亲社会、内触源效应:在使用氯胺酮(0.5 毫克/千克静脉注射)或安慰剂治疗一周后的五个时间点,使用斯奈思-汉密尔顿快乐量表(SHAPS)的四个项目,对随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究中的抗药性抑郁症患者样本进行了社交情境快乐度评估。主要终点是氯胺酮组和安慰剂组在输液后自我报告的与社交情境有关的四个SHAPS项目上的愉悦感,包括与帮助他人有关的项目。在一项啮齿动物实验中,氯胺酮对大鼠帮助行为的影响是通过伤害规避任务来评估的。主要终点是杠杆反应率相对于基线的降低,这表明大鼠愿意放弃获得蔗糖以帮助保护笼中同伴免受电击:结果:与安慰剂相比,氯胺酮能在治疗后一周内提高与家人或亲密朋友在一起、看到别人的笑脸、帮助他人和受到表扬时的愉悦感评分。在啮齿动物实验中,在伤害厌恶任务中,氯胺酮治疗的大鼠在治疗后6天内保持了相对于基线的较低反应率,其程度高于安慰剂治疗的大鼠,并且总体上减少了电击次数:结论:对于耐药性抑郁症患者来说,氯胺酮治疗与社交情境中愉悦感的增加有关,例如从帮助他人中感受到愉悦。氯胺酮治疗后的大鼠更有可能保护笼中的同伴不受伤害,但代价是获得蔗糖。这些研究结果表明,氯胺酮具有内接触原效应。
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来源期刊
American Journal of Psychiatry
American Journal of Psychiatry 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
22.30
自引率
2.80%
发文量
157
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Psychiatry, dedicated to keeping psychiatry vibrant and relevant, publishes the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. The journal covers the full spectrum of issues related to mental health diagnoses and treatment, presenting original articles on new developments in diagnosis, treatment, neuroscience, and patient populations.
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