Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Multilayer Karst Aquifer in the Huayingshan Coalfield, Southwest China

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1134/s009780782360153x

Wang Xiaotong, Chen Meng, Wu Yong, Yuan Renmao, Yao Jinqian

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Abstract

The Huayingshan coalfield is one of the most important coal districts in Southwest China. Coal mining may have an impact on the hydrochemical characteristics and regional evolution of karst groundwater. This study aims to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics, identify the evolution processes, and influencing factors that govern the hydrochemistry in multilayer karst aquifers in the coalfield. Statistical methods and conventional techniques were utilized to gain a thorough understanding of the origin and hydrogeochemical evolution of karst groundwater. The results revealed that the groundwater was fresh water and natural to mildly alkaline. It suggested that the relative abundance of main ions was proposed to be Ca²⁺ \( \gg \) Mg²⁺ > K⁺ + Na⁺ for cations and \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\) \( \gg \) \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\) > Cl^– > \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\) for anions. A Piper diagram of the investigated water samples demonstrated that most groundwater was of the HCO₃-Ca type. The results showed that dissolution of carbonate, gypsum, halite, and silicate minerals highly influenced the formation of \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\), \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\), Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺. Cation exchange and/or absorption was another important regulatory process. \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\) concentrations were excessively high, proving that karst water was affected by agricultural activities in certain aquifers. Moreover, S^2– concentrations were high in the borehole and mine tunnel samples, suggesting great acidification potential. Coal mining carries a risk of deteriorating the local water environment. This exposes sulfide minerals to oxygen and water, increases \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\) concentration, and reduces groundwater pH. Scientific research must focus on specific recharge area locations, runoff and drainage pathways, and hydrochemical evolution processes of karst water, and the contact of sulfide with water and oxygen must be controlled to protect groundwater quality and reduce pollution. The results suggest it may be helpful for investigation and treatment of water environment pollution, aid the protection of karst groundwater in the Huayingshan coalfield, and serve as a model for other comparable studies.

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中国西南花营山煤田多层岩溶含水层水文地质化学特征及演化过程

摘要华应山煤田是中国西南地区最重要的煤区之一。煤炭开采可能对岩溶地下水的水文地质化学特征和区域演化产生影响。本研究旨在分析煤田多层岩溶含水层的水文地球化学特征，确定其演化过程和影响因素。研究利用统计方法和常规技术对岩溶地下水的来源和水文地球化学演变过程进行了深入了解。结果显示，地下水为淡水，呈天然弱碱性。结果表明，主要离子的相对丰度为阳离子：Ca2+ \( \gg \) Mg2+ > K+ + Na+；阴离子：\({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\) \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\) > Cl- > \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\) 。调查水样的 Piper 图显示，大多数地下水属于 HCO3-Ca 类型。结果表明，碳酸盐、石膏、海绿石和硅酸盐矿物的溶解在很大程度上影响了 \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\), \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\), Ca2+, Mg2+ 和 Na+ 的形成。阳离子交换和/或吸收是另一个重要的调节过程。\({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }}) 浓度过高，证明岩溶水受到某些含水层农业活动的影响。此外，钻孔和矿井隧道样本中的 S2- 浓度很高，表明酸化的可能性很大。煤炭开采有可能导致当地水环境恶化。这使硫化矿物质暴露在氧气和水中，增加了硫化矿物质的浓度，降低了地下水的 pH 值。科学研究必须关注岩溶水的具体补给区位置、径流和排水途径以及水化学演化过程，必须控制硫化物与水和氧气的接触，以保护地下水水质，减少污染。研究结果表明，该研究有助于水环境污染的调查和治理，有助于保护华应山煤田岩溶地下水，并可为其他同类研究提供范例。

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