Influence of Information Access on Organ Donation: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Organ transplantation is the sole effective treatment for several end-stage organ diseases. However, donor organ availability is critically insufficient. This shortage is driven by several factors, with access to accurate information being a key determinant of an individual's willingness to donate organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on anonymous surveys from January to December 2019, categorizing participants into healthcare professionals and non-healthcare individuals. Data included willingness to donate organs, reasons for refusal, age, education level, and understanding of brain death. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: 408 participants were included, 203 from the healthcare sector and 205 from the non-healthcare sector. Among healthcare professionals, 90% were willing to donate organs, compared to 43% in the non-healthcare group (p<0.001). Non-healthcare respondents refused due to fears of being alive during organ removal (74%), concerns about reduced emergency care (21%), and religious beliefs (5%). Despite these concerns, 88% acknowledged that organ donation saves lives, and 95% recognized the gap between organ supply and demand. No significant differences in education levels were found between donors and non-donors, but healthcare professionals had a significantly better understanding of brain death (p<0.001). All respondents indicated they would accept a donated organ if needed. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals are more inclined to be organ donors than those outside the field. Misunderstandings among non-healthcare individuals contribute to higher refusal rates. Tailored awareness campaigns and educational programs could rectify these misconceptions, potentially improving donation rates and mitigating the organ shortage crisis.