Using a Spatial Access Measure to assess the Relationship between Alcohol Outlet Types and Various Violent Crimes in the Bronx, NY

IF 2 4区社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI:10.1007/s12061-024-09589-4

Ann Marie Singh, Stephen F. Pires, M. Dylan Spencer

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Abstract

The spatial relationship between violent crime and alcohol outlets is well documented. Yet, it is unclear whether on- or off-premises alcohol outlets have greater effects on violent crime and whether this varies by interpersonal crimes and off-premises outlet subtype. This study addresses this gap by using both Routine Activities and Social Disorganization Theories. Using census block groups (n = 1,126) in the Bronx, NY, spatial access methods were used to measure violent crimes from 2018 to 2020 (n = 28,587) and alcohol outlets from 2020 (n = 1,984). Social disorganization measures consisting of various socioeconomic factors and accessibility factors were included. Five models were estimated using a Spatial Lag regression model. A positive direct, indirect, and total effect was observed for liquor, grocery, and drug stores on total violent crime exposure, but on-premise alcohol outlets was not related. Specific types of off-premises alcohol outlets were associated with various violent crimes, with liquor and grocery stores consistently related across all models. On-premises alcohol outlets were not associated with violent crime with the exception of assaults.

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使用空间获取测量法评估纽约州布朗克斯区酒类销售点类型与各种暴力犯罪之间的关系

暴力犯罪与酒类销售点之间的空间关系有据可查。然而，目前还不清楚是店内还是店外的酒类销售点对暴力犯罪的影响更大，也不清楚人际犯罪和店外酒类销售点的子类型是否会产生不同的影响。本研究通过使用常规活动理论和社会组织理论来填补这一空白。利用纽约州布朗克斯区的人口普查街区组（n = 1,126），采用空间访问方法测量了 2018 年至 2020 年的暴力犯罪情况（n = 28,587 例）和 2020 年的酒类销售点情况（n = 1,984 例）。社会无序度量包括各种社会经济因素和可达性因素。使用空间滞后回归模型估算了五个模型。结果表明，酒类、杂货店和药店对暴力犯罪的直接、间接和总体影响均为正，但酒类销售点与暴力犯罪无关。特定类型的店外酒类销售点与各种暴力犯罪有关，其中酒类和杂货店在所有模型中都有关联。除袭击案件外，酒类销售点与暴力犯罪无关。

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来源期刊

Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy Multiple-

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Description The journal has an applied focus: it actively promotes the importance of geographical research in real world settings It is policy-relevant: it seeks both a readership and contributions from practitioners as well as academics The substantive foundation is spatial analysis: the use of quantitative techniques to identify patterns and processes within geographic environments The combination of these points, which are fully reflected in the naming of the journal, establishes a unique position in the marketplace. RationaleA geographical perspective has always been crucial to the understanding of the social and physical organisation of the world around us. The techniques of spatial analysis provide a powerful means for the assembly and interpretation of evidence, and thus to address critical questions about issues such as crime and deprivation, immigration and demographic restructuring, retailing activity and employment change, resource management and environmental improvement. Many of these issues are equally important to academic research as they are to policy makers and Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy aims to close the gap between these two perspectives by providing a forum for discussion of applied research in a range of different contexts Topical and interdisciplinaryIncreasingly government organisations, administrative agencies and private businesses are requiring research to support their ‘evidence-based’ strategies or policies. Geographical location is critical in much of this work which extends across a wide range of disciplines including demography, actuarial sciences, statistics, public sector planning, business planning, economics, epidemiology, sociology, social policy, health research, environmental management. FocusApplied Spatial Analysis and Policy will draw on applied research from diverse problem domains, such as transport, policing, education, health, environment and leisure, in different international contexts. The journal will therefore provide insights into the variations in phenomena that exist across space, it will provide evidence for comparative policy analysis between domains and between locations, and stimulate ideas about the translation of spatial analysis methods and techniques across varied policy contexts. It is essential to know how to measure, monitor and understand spatial distributions, many of which have implications for those with responsibility to plan and enhance the society and the environment in which we all exist. Readership and Editorial BoardAs a journal focused on applications of methods of spatial analysis, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy will be of interest to scholars and students in a wide range of academic fields, to practitioners in government and administrative agencies and to consultants in private sector organisations. The Editorial Board reflects the international and multidisciplinary nature of the journal.