Two Monte Carlo-based simulators for imaging-system modeling and projection simulation of flat-panel X-ray source

IF 3.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Nuclear Science and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1007/s41365-024-01489-z
Meng-Ke Qi, Ting He, Yi-Wen Zhou, Jing Kang, Zeng-Xiang Pan, Song Kang, Wang-Jiang Wu, Jun Chen, Ling-Hong Zhou, Yuan Xu
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Abstract

The advantages of a flat-panel X-ray source (FPXS) make it a promising candidate for imaging applications. Accurate imaging-system modeling and projection simulation are critical for analyzing imaging performance and resolving overlapping projection issues in FPXS. The conventional analytical ray-tracing approach is limited by the number of patterns and is not applicable to FPXS-projection calculations. However, the computation time of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is independent of the size of the patterned arrays in FPXS. This study proposes two high-efficiency MC projection simulators for FPXS: a graphics processing unit (GPU)-based phase-space sampling MC (gPSMC) simulator and GPU-based fluence sampling MC (gFSMC) simulator. The two simulators comprise three components: imaging-system modeling, photon initialization, and physical-interaction simulations in the phantom. Imaging-system modeling was performed by modeling the FPXS, imaging geometry, and detector. The gPSMC simulator samples the initial photons from the phase space, whereas the gFSMC simulator performs photon initialization from the calculated energy spectrum and fluence map. The entire process of photon interaction with the geometry and arrival at the detector was simulated in parallel using multiple GPU kernels, and projections based on the two simulators were calculated. The accuracies of the two simulators were evaluated by comparing them with the conventional analytical ray-tracing approach and acquired projections, and the efficiencies were evaluated by comparing the computation time. The results of simulated and realistic experiments illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed gPSMC and gFSMC simulators in the projection calculation of various phantoms.

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两个基于蒙特卡罗的模拟器,用于平板 X 射线源的成像系统建模和投影模拟
平板 X 射线源(FPXS)的优势使其在成像应用中大有可为。精确的成像系统建模和投影模拟对于分析 FPXS 的成像性能和解决重叠投影问题至关重要。传统的光线跟踪分析方法受到图案数量的限制,不适用于 FPXS 投影计算。然而,蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟的计算时间与 FPXS 中图案阵列的大小无关。本研究为 FPXS 提出了两种高效 MC 投影模拟器:基于图形处理器(GPU)的相空间采样 MC(gPSMC)模拟器和基于 GPU 的通量采样 MC(gFSMC)模拟器。这两个模拟器由三个部分组成:成像系统建模、光子初始化和幻影中的物理交互模拟。成像系统建模是通过对 FPXS、成像几何和探测器建模来完成的。gPSMC 模拟器从相空间采样初始光子,而 gFSMC 模拟器则根据计算出的能谱和通量图进行光子初始化。使用多个 GPU 内核并行模拟了光子与几何体相互作用以及到达探测器的整个过程,并计算了基于这两个模拟器的投影。通过与传统的分析光线追踪方法和获取的投影进行比较,评估了两个模拟器的精确度,并通过比较计算时间评估了效率。模拟和实际实验的结果表明了所提出的 gPSMC 和 gFSMC 模拟器在各种模型的投影计算中的准确性和效率。
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来源期刊
Nuclear Science and Techniques
Nuclear Science and Techniques 物理-核科学技术
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
39.30%
发文量
141
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Nuclear Science and Techniques (NST) reports scientific findings, technical advances and important results in the fields of nuclear science and techniques. The aim of this periodical is to stimulate cross-fertilization of knowledge among scientists and engineers working in the fields of nuclear research. Scope covers the following subjects: • Synchrotron radiation applications, beamline technology; • Accelerator, ray technology and applications; • Nuclear chemistry, radiochemistry, radiopharmaceuticals, nuclear medicine; • Nuclear electronics and instrumentation; • Nuclear physics and interdisciplinary research; • Nuclear energy science and engineering.
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