Enhancement effect of Mo electrodes on the ignition characteristics of HAN-based gel propellant fuel and its combustion mechanisms

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Fuel Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI:10.1016/j.fuel.2024.132421

Chuntian Li , Zhiwen Wang , Lian Li , Zhidong Wang , Ruiqi Shen , Luigi T DeLuca , Wei Zhang

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Abstract

Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) serves as a monopropellant fuel, renowned for its low toxicity and high-performance in space propulsion systems. HAN-based gel propellant may offer additional advantages, including long-term stability and excellent throttling capabilities. To better understand the ignition performance and combustion characteristics of this gel propellant, we prepared HAN-based gel propellant, and monitored its decomposition products using thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Electrode materials of Mo, Cu, Ti and SUS 304 were fabricated to investigated their impact on ignition performance. It was found that the Mo electrode exhibited the shortest ignition delay time (t_i) compared to Cu, Ti, and SUS 304. Meanwhile, the role of surface roughness of Mo electrode on the ignition delaytime (t_i) and the ignition energy (Q_i) were also studied. Our results revealed that, as the voltage increased from 100 V to 200 V, the fine-surfaced Mo electrode demonstrated a lower sensitivity to changes in ti compared to the rough-surfaced electrode. Additionally, the Q_i of the rough-surfaced electrode decreased from 43.5 J to 16.7 J, while the Q_i of the fine-surfaced electrode decreased from 52.5 J to 17.6 J. Combining a thermocouple, the combustion wave structure of the gel propellant was divided into pre-heating zone, condensed phase, electro chemical reaction zone, microexplosion-gases mixing zone and flame zone. Finally, the combustion model of HAN-based gel propellant was inferred to explain its combustion mechanism.

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Mo 电极对 HAN 基凝胶推进剂燃料点火特性及其燃烧机理的增强效应

硝酸羟铵（HAN）是一种单推进剂燃料，因其在空间推进系统中的低毒性和高性能而闻名。以 HAN 为基础的凝胶推进剂还具有其他优势，包括长期稳定性和出色的节流能力。为了更好地了解这种凝胶推进剂的点火性能和燃烧特性，我们制备了 HAN 基凝胶推进剂，并使用热重法（TG）、傅立叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）和质谱法（MS）监测其分解产物。还制作了 Mo、Cu、Ti 和 SUS 304 电极材料，以研究它们对点火性能的影响。结果发现，与铜、钛和 SUS 304 相比，钼电极的点火延迟时间（）最短。同时，还研究了 Mo 电极表面粗糙度对点火延迟时间（）和点火能量（）的影响。研究结果表明，当电压从 100 V 升至 200 V 时，表面粗糙的 Mo 电极对 ti 变化的敏感性低于表面粗糙的电极。结合热电偶，将凝胶推进剂的燃烧波结构划分为预热区、凝结相、电化学反应区、微爆-气体混合区和火焰区。最后，推断出 HAN 基凝胶推进剂的燃烧模型，以解释其燃烧机理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fuel 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

12.80

自引率

20.30%

发文量

3506

审稿时长

64 days

期刊介绍： The exploration of energy sources remains a critical matter of study. For the past nine decades, fuel has consistently held the forefront in primary research efforts within the field of energy science. This area of investigation encompasses a wide range of subjects, with a particular emphasis on emerging concerns like environmental factors and pollution.